F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
January 5, 2006
TENTH CIRCUIT Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee, No. 05-2068
v. D. New Mexico
IGNACIO ALVAREZ-PEREZ, (D.C. No. CIV-04-384 BB/DJS
and CR-02-501 BB/DJS)
Defendant - Appellant.
ORDER
Before HARTZ, Circuit Judge, SEYMOUR, Senior Circuit Judge, and
McCONNELL, Circuit Judge.
Ignacio Alvarez-Perez was convicted by a jury in the United States District
Court for the District of New Mexico on three drug charges. On April 2, 2003, he
was sentenced to 151 months in federal prison. On April 5, 2004, he filed a
motion for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, arguing that he was
denied effective assistance of counsel when his trial counsel failed to appeal his
conviction despite his instructions to do so. The district court dismissed the
motion with prejudice and denied a certificate of appealability (COA), see
28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1) (requiring COA). We deny a COA for substantially the
same reasons.
I. BACKGROUND
The magistrate judge in the § 2255 proceeding held an evidentiary hearing
at which Mr. Alvarez-Perez and his trial counsel, Paul Rubino, testified.
Mr. Alvarez-Perez testified that he told Mr. Rubino after the sentencing hearing
that he “was not comfortable with the amount of time that I had been given” and
that “I wanted for him to file an appeal for me.” Supp. Vol. I at 8. He also
testified that afterwards he was under the impression that Mr. Rubino had filed an
appeal. Mr. Rubino’s testimony was to the contrary. Although he agreed that he
and Mr. Alvarez-Perez had discussed filing an appeal, he said that he had told
Mr. Alvarez-Perez that there was no basis for an appeal, and that Mr. Alvarez-
Perez’s response had been “‘don’t file an appeal if there is no basis.’” Id. at 22.
The magistrate judge believed Mr. Rubino: “Having heard the testimony of
the witnesses and observing their demeanor during the hearing, I find trial
counsel’s testimony credible.” Magistrate Judge’s Proposed Findings and
Recommended Disposition at 3. The magistrate judge noted Mr. Alvarez-Perez’s
concession that “perhaps, [Mr. Rubino] did not understand me” and observed that
“[a]t best, this is a case where Alvarez-Perez failed to clearly convey his wishes
that Rubino file an appeal.” Id. The magistrate judge recommended that
Mr. Alvarez-Perez’s § 2255 motion be denied. The district court adopted the
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magistrate judge’s proposed findings and recommended disposition, dismissing
the habeas motion.
II. DISCUSSION
“A certificate of appealability may issue . . . only if the applicant has made
a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C.
§ 2253(c)(2). This means that the applicant must show “that reasonable jurists
could debate whether (or, for that matter, agree that) the petition should have
been resolved in a different manner or that the issues presented were adequate to
deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473,
484 (2000) (internal quotation marks omitted). In other words, the applicant must
show that the district court’s resolution of the constitutional claim was either
“debatable or wrong.” Id.
The framework for evaluating an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim
based on counsel’s failure to file a notice of appeal is set forth in Roe v. Flores-
Ortega, 528 U.S. 470 (2000). A defendant making such a claim must show that
“counsel’s representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness” and
that “counsel’s deficient performance prejudiced” him. Id. at 476-77 (internal
quotation marks omitted). If trial counsel has discussed the possibility of appeal
with the defendant, he “performs in a professionally unreasonable manner only by
failing to follow the defendant’s express instructions with respect to an appeal.”
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Id. at 478. Failure to follow the defendant’s express instructions to file an appeal
also establishes prejudice. Id. at 484.
On appeal Mr. Alvarez-Perez argues that there was a basis for appeal
because Mr. Rubino joined in a co-defendant’s motion for a new trial. But that
motion was denied, and Mr. Alvarez-Perez has not bothered to argue the merits of
the issues raised by the motion. He has not shown that Mr. Rubino performed
deficiently in advising that there were no grounds for appeal, and the magistrate
judge found that Mr. Alvarez-Perez accepted Mr. Rubino’s advice. We review
the district court’s factual findings for clear error. English v. Cody, 241 F.3d
1279, 1282 (10th Cir. 2001). We review credibility findings with even greater
deference–“[W]hen a trial judge’s finding is based on his decision to credit the
testimony of one of two or more witnesses . . . that finding . . . can virtually never
be clear error.” Anderson v. City of Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 575 (1985).
The magistrate judge’s findings here are not clearly erroneous. Therefore, no
reasonable jurist could determine that the district court erred in denying
Mr. Alvarez-Perez’s ineffectiveness claim.
We DENY a COA and dismiss the appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Harris L Hartz
Circuit Judge
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