Case: 09-60707 Document: 00511216032 Page: 1 Date Filed: 08/26/2010
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
FILED
August 26, 2010
No. 09-60707
Summary Calendar Lyle W. Cayce
Clerk
GUO YUE HUANG,
Petitioner
v.
ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent
Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
BIA No. A073 535 458
Before GARWOOD, DENNIS and ELROD, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Guo Yue Huang petitions for review of an order of the Board of
Immigration Appeals (BIA) affirming the decision of the immigration judge (IJ)
denying his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the
Convention Against Torture (CAT). We review an immigration court’s rulings
of law de novo and its findings of fact to determine if they are supported by
substantial evidence in the record. Zhu v. Gonzales, 493 F.3d 588, 594 (5th Cir.
2007). The substantial evidence standard of review requires that we “defer to
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR . R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR .
R. 47.5.4.
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No. 09-60707
the BIA’s factual findings unless the evidence is so compelling that no
reasonable fact finder could fail to find otherwise.” Mikhael v. INS, 115 F.3d
299, 304 (5th Cir. 1997).
Huang argues that the BIA erred in its determination that he did not
demonstrate past persecution on account of his political opinion in connection
with his arrest following his participation in a some ten to twenty person 1994
event commemorating the Tianenmen Square protest. Due to his participation
in the event, Huang was questioned and held in handcuffs for two hours, and
authorities later came to his home seeking to arrest him. Without more, this is
insufficient to demonstrate past persecution. See Abdel-Masieh v. INS, 73 F.3d
579, 584 (5th Cir. 1996). Because Huang has not presented evidence so
compelling that no reasonable factfinder could fail to find otherwise, we will not
disturb the BIA’s finding regarding past persecution. See Mikhael, 115 F.3d at
304.
Huang also contends that the BIA erred in its determination that he had
not established a well-founded fear of future persecution based on the birth of
his two children in the United States, in violation of the family planning laws of
the People’s Republic of China (PRC). He argues that the IJ and the BIA erred
by relying solely on written documents regarding country conditions in the PRC
and not considering the evidence that supported his claim. Huang also asserts
that the IJ and the BIA improperly speculated as to the validity of a written
notification from the village family planning office. The BIA is not required
to “address evidentiary minutiae or write any lengthy exegesis, [but] its decision
must reflect meaningful consideration of the relevant substantial evidence
supporting the alien’s claims.” Abdel-Masieh, 73 F.3d at 585. The record reflects
that the BIA took into account the fine imposed by the village birth control
planning authority but determined that this financial sanction did not rise to the
level of persecution. We have stated that the harm or suffering needed to
constitute persecution “need not be physical, but may take other forms, such as
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the deliberate imposition of severe economic disadvantage or the deprivation of
liberty, food, housing, employment or other essentials of life.” Abdel-Masieh, 73
F.3d at 583. Huang has not shown that the fine meets the standard to establish
persecution. See id.
The record also reflects that the BIA took into account the written
notification to Huang’s mother from the birth planning committee in Huang’s
village to the effect that Huang was required to report for sterilization. The BIA,
however, gave that unsigned document “minimal weight” because it had not
been authenticated and because it had been obtained for the purpose of
litigation. In reviewing for substantial evidence, “[our] task is not to reweigh the
evidence but only to determine whether there is such relevant evidence that a
reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Gibson v.
Federal Trade Comm’n, 682 F.2d 554, 571 (5th Cir. 1982) (internal quotations
and citations omitted); see Sidabutar v. Gonzales, 503 F.3d 1116, 1125 (10th Cir.
2007).
The BIA noted that in In re J-W-S-, 24 I&N Dec. 185 (BIA 2007), it had
considered many of the same documents submitted by Huang and had rejected
a claim similar to Huang’s claim. In J-W-S-, the BIA observed that “central
government policy prohibits physical coercion to compel persons to submit to
family planning enforcement.” Id. at 193. Discussing the family planning
regime in Fujian Province, which is at issue here, the BIA noted that
enforcement efforts had been described as “lax” or “uneven.” Id. (quotation
marks omitted). The BIA determined in J-W-S that “[a]t most, the evidence
contained in the record of proceedings suggests that the applicant and his wife
may face ‘sanctions and penalties’ upon returning to China because of the births
of their United States citizen children.” Id. at 194. The BIA concluded that
“[t]he evidence . . . fails to establish that any sanctions imposed on parents of
foreign-born children would rise to the level of persecution.” Id.
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Our review shows that similar evidence is within the record in this matter.
Accordingly, we conclude that the BIA’s determination that Huang failed to
establish an entitlement to asylum is supported by substantial evidence. See
Mikhael, 115 F.3d at 304; see also Huang v. U.S. INS, 421 F.3d 125, 129 (2d Cir.
2005) (upholding denial of asylum and withholding based in part on the
determination that “foreign-born children, and that couples returning to China
with more children than they would have been permitted at home are ‘at worst,
given modest fines.’”). Because Huang failed to meet the standard for asylum,
he also does not meet the more stringent standard that is required for
withholding of removal. See Efe v. Ashcroft, 293 F.3d 899, 906 (5th Cir. 2002).
Huang has waived his claim for relief under the Convention Against Torture by
failing to brief it. See Rodriguez v. INS, 9 F.3d 408, 414 n.15 (5th Cir. 1993).
Huang also contends that his due process rights were violated because the
IJ was not a neutral fact finder. Although the absence of a neutral arbiter can
be the basis for a due process claim, Wang v. Holder, 569 F.3d 531, 540 (5th Cir.
2009), Huang has not demonstrated such a violation. Our review shows that the
IJ frequently interjected with questions of Huang, but she did not prevent
Huang from presenting his case. No evident bias or partiality is reflected.
Huang complains about the IJ’s questioning and her remarks, but he has not
provided record citations to (or quoted or otherwise specifically described) any
specific instances in which the IJ allegedly showed bias or partiality, and he has
not indicated that his counsel objected to any of the IJ’s questioning. “It is
commonplace in bench trials for judges to ask questions, and we will not
transmute such a commonplace occurrence into a due process violation without
considerably more than [Huang] has demonstrated here.” Id. at 541.
Huang’s petition for review is DENIED.
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