United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
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No. 09-3350
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United States of America, *
*
Appellee, *
* Appeal from the United States
v. * District Court for the
* Western District of Missouri.
Julian Benitez, *
* [UNPUBLISHED]
Appellant. *
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Submitted: November 15, 2010
Filed: November 29, 2010
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Before WOLLMAN, HANSEN, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM.
Following a guilty plea, the district court1 sentenced Julian Benitez to 168
months' imprisonment. Benitez appeals, arguing that the district court failed to
adequately explain the sentence and incorrectly calculated the amount of drugs
attributable to him. For the following reasons, we affirm.
1
The Honorable Dean Whipple, United States District Judge for the Western
District of Missouri.
On April 23, 2009, Julian Benitez pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to
distribute 500 grams or more of methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C.
§§ 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(A), and 846. Following the guilty plea, a presentence
investigation report (PSR) was prepared. The PSR found Benitez to be accountable
for 10.88 kilograms of methamphetamine. The PSR based this amount on a
Mirandized statement given to the police by Sara Lewis-Goetz, a codefendant, who
stated that she had observed Benitez in possession of four to five pounds of
methamphetamine at least six to eight times. Using the lowest quantities given by
Lewis-Goetz (four pounds on six occasions), the PSR calculated an amount of 10.88
kilograms. Benitez objected to the calculation arising from Lewis-Goetz's statement,
arguing that the amount was an estimation and that when Lewis-Goetz made the
statement to police she was a user of illegal substances to the degree that her
perception was altered and unreliable. In paragraph 26, the PSR also noted that
Lewis-Goetz's boyfriend, Luman Holloway, told police that he had purchased
approximately 50 pounds of methamphetamine (22.68 kilograms) from Benitez, but
because Holloway did not make a sworn statement, the PSR did not include that
amount in calculating quantity of drugs to determine Benitez's base offense level.
Benitez did not object to Holloway's statement, contained in paragraph 26 of the PSR.
Benitez renewed his objections to the drug quantity in his sentencing
memorandum and at the sentencing hearing. At the sentencing hearing on September
17, 2009, the Government offered to present the live testimony of Lewis-Goetz to
establish drug quantity, but Benitez's counsel indicated that there was no dispute that
the officers questioned Lewis-Goetz and that the PSR reflected that. The district court
then noted Benitez's objection and overruled it, explaining that if the officers or
Lewis-Goetz were called to testify, they would testify in accordance with what was
in the PSR. The district court thus found Benitez liable for 10.88 kilograms of
methamphetamine, with a base offense level of 36. Following adjustments, the district
court calculated a total offense level of 35 with a criminal history category of I, for an
advisory guidelines sentencing range of 168 to 210 months' imprisonment. Benitez
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argued in both his sentencing memorandum and at the sentencing hearing that he
should be sentenced to the statutory mandatory minimum of 120 months'
imprisonment, but the district court imposed a sentence of 168 months, at the bottom
of the advisory guidelines range. Benitez appeals his sentence.
Benitez first argues that the district court failed to adequately explain the
sentence imposed. Normally we review a sentence for abuse of discretion. See
United States v. McGlothen, 556 F.3d 698, 702 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 129 S. Ct.
2812 (2009). However, when a defendant alleges a procedural error raised for the first
time on appeal, we review for plain error. Id. Benitez must establish that the district
court committed an error that is plain and affects Benitez's substantial rights. See id.
We will reverse only if these conditions are met and the error "seriously affects the
fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings." United States v.
Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 732 (1993) (internal quotations omitted).
In determining whether a district court considered the relevant factors, we
review "the entire sentencing record, not merely the district court's statements at the
hearing." United States v. Perkins, 526 F.3d 1107, 1111 (8th Cir. 2008). The entire
sentencing record included the PSR, Benitez's sentencing memorandum, and the
arguments made at the sentencing hearing. Contained within these documents was a
thorough discussion of the facts of the case, and all of the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors,
including the seriousness of the offense, Benitez's history and characteristics, the need
to protect the public, the need for deterrence, Benitez's need for educational and
vocational training, and his history of drug abuse. At the sentencing hearing, when
the Government indicated that it believed a within-guidelines sentence was warranted,
the district court noted that it had reviewed Benitez's sentencing memorandum
requesting a 120-month sentence and allowed Benitez's attorney another opportunity
to argue for the below-guidelines sentence. After listening to the arguments from both
parties, the district court stated that it understood Benitez's position but decided to
"follow the guidelines" and impose a sentence of 168 months' imprisonment. (Sent.
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Tr. at 9.) In explaining the sentence, the district court specifically noted that it was
"imposed considering the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, using the Guidelines as
advisory, considering the factors under 18 U.S.C. [§] 3553." (Sent. Tr. at 12.)
We have previously explained that a district court is "not required to detail [its]
reasons for a sentence when merely applying the Guidelines to a case." McGlothen,
556 F.3d at 702. A district court must say enough "to make it apparent to an appellate
court that the district court 'considered the parties' arguments and had a reasoned basis
for exercising its own legal decisionmaking authority.'" Id. at 703 (quoting United
States v. Roberson, 517 F.3d 990, 994 (8th Cir. 2008)) (alterations omitted). "If the
sentence imposed is within the Guidelines and the case is not atypical, a district court
may rest its decision on the Sentencing Commission's reasoning." Id. Here, there is
nothing particularly unique about this case that would necessitate a more thorough
explanation. The district court was aware of its ability to impose a below-guidelines
sentence, was aware of Benitez's arguments in favor of a 120-month sentence, and was
aware of the facts surrounding the case. Benitez failed to prove that the district court
committed any error, much less plain error, in failing to adequately explain the
sentence. See id. at 702.
Benitez also argues that the district court erred in calculating the drug quantity
attributable to him for sentencing purposes. Determinations of drug quantity are
factual findings that we review for clear error. United States v. Spencer, 592 F.3d
866, 881 (8th Cir. 2010). We affirm the district court's drug-quantity determinations
unless we are firmly convinced by the entire record that a mistake has been made.
United States v. Montes-Medina, 570 F.3d 1052, 1058 (8th Cir. 2009).
At the sentencing hearing, the Government's attorney explained that he had told
Benitez's counsel that Lewis-Goetz could be brought in to testify as to the drug
quantity and Benitez's counsel responded that it was not necessary. Benitez's counsel
explicitly stated that it was not necessary to bring in the witness because they "would
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be able to proceed with arguments of counsel on that" and she "[didn't] dispute that
the officers questioned . . . [Lewis-Goetz] and that's what probation relied upon, and
what's reflected in the presentence report is the basis of that report." (Sent. Tr. at 5.)
After hearing from the parties, the district court overruled Benitez's objection to the
drug quantity "on the basis that if the officers and/or the codefendants would be called
to testify, they would testify in accordance with what is in the reports and the
statements they've already given, and that's the basis for the information in the offense
conduct in the presentence report." (Sent. Tr. at 5-6.)
Now, however, Benitez apparently argues that the Government should have
presented live testimony from Lewis-Goetz. First, any objections Benitez made to
Lewis-Goetz's statements in the PSR appear to go more to the weight that should be
given to the statement, as opposed to the facts contained in the statement. Benitez's
objections were that the amount was an estimation and that Lewis-Goetz's statement
was unreliable because she was a user of illegal substances to the degree that her
perception was altered. These objections question Lewis-Goetz's credibility; they do
not posit that the substance of Lewis-Goetz's testimony at the sentencing hearing
would have differed from her statement in the PSR. Moreover, while Benitez's
counsel claimed she was preserving the objection, she said that the Government did
not need to bring in the witness to testify as to the quantity (which the Government
was willing to do and could have easily done), and she stated that the parties could
simply rely on the record in making their arguments. If she wanted to put the
Government to a test of its evidence and have the district court make an in-person
credibility assessment of Lewis-Goetz, she should have insisted that the Government
bring the witness in to testify as to the amount. It would be inappropriate now to grant
a resentencing hearing when the defendant declared at sentencing that the Government
need not present a live witness to prove the quantity but later challenges the sentence
based on the lack of such testimony.
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Further, even if the district did clearly err in relying on the amount Lewis-Goetz
attributed to Benitez, it could have relied on the amount Holloway attributed to
Benitez as reported in paragraph 26 of the PSR. The PSR stated that Holloway
attributed 22.68 kilograms to Benitez, and Benitez did not object to this statement.
We have previously explained that "'unless a defendant objects to specific factual
allegations contained in the PSR, a district court may accept the facts as true for
purposes of sentencing.'" United States v. Munoz, 324 F.3d 987, 992 (8th Cir. 2003)
(quoting United States v. Young, 272 F.3d 1052, 1055 (8th Cir. 2001)). Because
Benitez did not object to Holloway's statement within the PSR, the district court could
have relied upon the amount Holloway attributed to Benitez in calculating drug
quantity.
The district court did not clearly err in calculating the drug quantity, and after
reviewing the entire record, we are not left with a firm conviction that a mistake has
been made. See Montes-Medina, 570 F.3d at 1058.
Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is affirmed.
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