CHUBB SECURITIES CORPORATION, Chubb Life Insurance Company of America, First Financial Services, and William Furest, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
Mary Lou Jesuale MANNING, Defendant-Appellee.
Docket No. 189097.
Court of Appeals of Michigan.
Submitted March 11, 1997, at Lansing. Decided July 25, 1997, at 9:20 a.m. Released for Publication October 28, 1997.Bodman, Longley & Dahling, L.L.P. by Dennis J. Levasseur and Lydia Pallas Loren, Detroit, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.
Weisman, Trogan, Young & Schloss, P.C. by Anthony V. Trogan and Joseph A. Starr, Bingham Farms, for Defendant-Appellee.
Before McDONALD, P.J., and RICHARD ALLEN GRIFFIN and BANDSTRA, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Plaintiffs appeal as of right the trial court's order granting summary disposition for defendant. Plaintiffs sought to prevent defendant from arbitrating numerous claims relating to investments in limited partnerships, claiming that the commencement of the arbitration proceeding was untimely pursuant to the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) Code of Arbitration Procedure. In this case, we are asked to decide whether the six-year eligibility period for arbitration contained in former § 15 of the NASD code is subject to tolling on the basis of a claim of fraudulent concealment. We conclude that it is not and, thus, reverse the trial court's order granting summary disposition to defendant.
Defendant invested a large amount of money in limited partnerships through plaintiff William Furest. Five of defendant's investments were made more than six years before defendant commenced a securities arbitration proceeding before the NASD. In filing for arbitration, defendant claimed that she had *887 been fraudulently induced into investing in the limited partnerships. Plaintiffs filed a declaratory action in the circuit court, arguing that former § 15 of the NASD code prevented arbitration of the five claims because the investments were made more than six years before the commencement of the arbitration. Defendant moved for summary disposition, claiming that she was entitled to arbitration because, even though the investments were made more than six years before the date that she commenced the arbitration proceedings, the six-year time limit set forth in former § 15 of the NASD code was tolled because of fraudulent concealment. The trial court granted summary disposition in favor of defendant, holding that the six-year limitation period could be tolled for fraudulent concealment and that defendant had sufficiently alleged fraudulent concealment to toll the limitation period. In reaching its decision that the six-year limitation period could be tolled, the trial court relied upon several federal cases: Roney & Co. v. Kassab, 981 F.2d 894 (C.A.6, 1992), Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. v. McCoy, 995 F.2d 649 (C.A.6, 1993) (McCoy I), and Davis v. Keyes, 859 F.Supp. 290 (E.D.Mich., 1994).
The provision at issue in this case, former § 15 of the NASD code,[1] stated:
No dispute, claim, or controversy shall be eligible for submission to arbitration under this Code where six (6) years have elapsed from the occurrence or event giving rise to the act or dispute, claim, or controversy. This section shall not extend applicable statutes of limitations, nor shall it apply to any case which is directed to arbitration by a court of competent jurisdiction.
Although there are no Michigan precedents on point, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals has recently addressed the exact issue presented here and held that the six-year eligibility period for bringing securities claims to arbitration is not subject to tolling. Ohio Co. v. Nemecek, 98 F.3d 234 (C.A.6, 1996). We find the holding in Nemecek to be persuasive in this case.
In Nemecek, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals analyzed the cases relied upon by the trial court in the present case and determined that the decisions had been misinterpreted and that Rule 603 of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), which is equivalent to former § 15 of the NASD code,[2] is not subject to tolling. As argued by defendant in the present case, the investors in Nemecek, supra at 235, also made the argument that the six-year eligibility period was tolled because of fraudulent concealment. The court in Nemecek, id. at 235-236, first noted that no federal circuit court had ever held that Rule 603 of the NYSE was subject to tolling and that two circuit courts of appeals, those for the third and seventh circuits, had held that the identical provision of former § 15 of the NASD code was not subject to tolling. The court then stated that Rule 603 and § 15 were interchangeable because the provisions were identical in test and application. Nemecek, supra at 236. The court adopted the reasoning of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals in Edward D. Jones & Co. v. Sorrells, 957 F.2d 509, 512-513 (C.A.7, 1992), which held that § 15 is an eligibility requirement, not a statute of limitations, and cannot be tolled.[3]Nemecek, supra at 236. The court recognized that "a separate section of the NASD Code, Section 18, provided the only instance in which `the Section 15 six-year bar [is] lifted.'" Id., quoting Sorrells, supra at 513. Former § 18 of the NASD code tolled the six-year eligibility period when the "dispute, claim, or controversy" is *888 before a court of competent jurisdiction.[4]Nemecek, supra. Because the only exception to the eligibility period was set out in the NASD code, the court reasoned that no further exceptions were warranted. Id.
The court in Nemecek, supra at 237, also adopted the reasoning of PaineWebber, Inc. v. Hartmann, 921 F.2d 507, 511 (C.A.3, 1990), that "`[l]ike any contract, an agreement to arbitrate may be limited in its substantive scope in an almost infinite variety of ways.'" Limiting the time within which arbitration may take place is a substantive limitation. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals concluded:
[W]e conclude, as the Hartmann court did, that Rule 603 is a substantive temporal limitation on the parties' agreement to contract and as such is not subject to equitable tolling. To rule otherwise not only would contravene Hartmann, Sorrells, and [PaineWebber, Inc. v.] Hofmann [984 F.2d 1372 (C.A.3, 1993) ], but also would thwart the intent of the parties' arbitration agreement which ... we cannot do: "While Congress was no doubt aware that the [Federal Arbitration] Act would encourage the expeditious resolution of disputes, its passage `was motivated, first and foremost, by a congressional desire to enforce agreements into which parties had entered.'" [Nemecek, supra at 237.]
In reaching its decision that § 15 could not be tolled, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals also noted that the six-year eligibility period contained in § 15 was more generous than M.C.L. § 451.810(e); M.S.A. § 19.776(410)(e), the Michigan statute barring securities fraud claims filed more than four years after the contract of sale. Nemecek, supra at 237.
We find the above federal precedents to be persuasive and conclude that the six-year eligibility period found in former § 15 of the NASD code cannot be tolled on the basis of a claim of fraudulent concealment. The arbitration agreement at issue in this case is a contract. See Ehresman v. Bultynck & Co., PC, 203 Mich.App. 350, 353, 511 N.W.2d 724 (1994). A clear contract that does not contravene public policy must be enforced as written. Fitch v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co., 211 Mich.App. 468, 471, 536 N.W.2d 273 (1995). In this case, defendant agreed to be bound by the NASD code, and it is clear that the contract provision regarding arbitration intended to limit the time within which parties may submit to arbitration. That limitation is not contrary to public policy because it is more generous than the limitation provided by state statute.
We also conclude that the six-year eligibility period of former § 15 began to run at the time the investment purchases were made, rather than, as argued by defendant, when defendant decided that the purchases were no longer in her best interest. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. v. McCoy, 853 F.Supp. 1023, 1030 (E.D.Tenn., 1994), aff'd. 70 F.3d 1271 (C.A.6, 1995) (McCoy II) (for purposes of § 15 of the NASD code, "the occurrence or event" giving rise to the act or dispute, claim, or controversy is the date of the investment); see, also, Sorrells, supra at 512 (claims ineligible for arbitration because more than six years had elapsed since the date the investment was made). We agree with the court in McCoy II, supra at 1030-1031, that "[t]he date of the occurrence or event does not under any circumstances depend on the date when the aggrieved investor first discovers that he or she has suffered a financial loss."
The purpose of the six-year period in former § 15 was to prevent the submission of stale disputes to arbitration. Id. at 1030. Allowing investors to wait until they suffer a financial loss and then to file a stale claim for arbitration more than six years after the date the investment was made would circumvent the purpose of § 15. Id. Furthermore, if the limited partnership investments were too speculative and not in the best interests of defendant, then the investments were not suitable on the dates that the investments were purchased. Id.
In summary, we hold that former § 15 of the NASD code is not a statute of limitations that can be tolled on the basis of a claim of *889 fraudulent concealment, but rather is a contractual eligibility provision that cannot be tolled, except during a period where the subject matter of the dispute to be arbitrated was the subject of a case before a court of competent jurisdiction. Furthermore, the six-year eligibility period of former § 15 of the NASD code began to run at the time the investment purchases were made. Because the six-year provision cannot be tolled in this case, the investments defendant made more than six years before the arbitration was requested are not subject to arbitration.
In light of our disposition of the above issues, we need not address whether the trial court erred in concluding that defendant's allegations were sufficient to state a valid fraudulent concealment claim. We reverse the trial court's order granting summary disposition for defendant and remand so that an order granting summary disposition in favor of plaintiffs can be entered.
NOTES
[1] It appears that § 15 of the NASD code has been renumbered as Rule 10304. No substantive changes were made to the provision when the renumbering occurred.
[2] See, also, McCoy I, supra at 651 (Rule 603 of the NYSE and § 15 of the NASD code are identical in both text and application).
[3] The Court in Nemecek, supra at 236, also relied on PaineWebber, Inc. v. Hofmann, 984 F.2d 1372 (C.A.3, 1993), in concluding that the six-year eligibility period for bringing securities claims to arbitration is not subject to tolling. The Court in Hofmann, id. at 1381, concluded that "when the stated cause of action is patently nothing more than an attempt to toll the six year period, the court must enjoin the arbitration of that claim."
[4] It appears that § 18 of the NASD code has been renumbered as Rule 10307. No substantive changes were made to the provision when the renumbering occurred.