LONE STAR INDUSTRIES, INC., Debtor,
v.
LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE, et al., Appellants.
Civ. A. No. 91-449 LON.
United States District Court, D. Delaware.
August 26, 1991.*270 Somers S. Price, Jr., Potter Anderson & Corroon, Wilmington, Del., David I. Goldblatt, Bruce E. Loren, Proskauer Rose Goetz & Mendelsohn, New York City, for plaintiff.
Lawrence S. Drexler, Elzufon, Austin & Drexler, P.A., Wilmington, Del., for Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. and Joint Defense Coordinator.
Robert C. O'Hara, Peter J. Walsh, Wilmington, Del., for Republic Ins. Co.
ORDER
LONGOBARDI, Chief Judge.
WHEREAS on July 9, 1991 the Bankruptcy Court issued a Report and Recommendation in an Adversary Proceeding entitled Lone Star Industries, Inc. v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, et al., Adversary No. 91-23, and said Report and Recommendation recommended that said Adversary Proceeding be remanded to the Superior Court of the State of Delaware in and for New Castle County; and
WHEREAS no party has filed exceptions to the aforesaid Report and Recommendation; and
WHEREAS the Court has reviewed the July 9, 1991 Report and Recommendation.
NOW THEREFORE it is HEREBY ORDERED that the above-captioned action is hereby REMANDED to the Superior Court of the State of Delaware in and for New Castle County.
IN THE UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE
In the Matter of Lone Star Industries, Inc., a Delaware Corporation, Plaintiff,
v.
Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, The Aetna Casualty and Surety Company, Agricultural Excess and Surplus Insurance Company, American Excess Insurance Association, the American Insurance Company, Cigna Insurance Company, the Continental Insurance Company, Employers Insurance of Wausau, Federal Insurance Company, First Insurance Company, Gibraltar Casualty Company, Government Employees Insurance Company, Granite State Insurance Company, Harbor Insurance Company, Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company, Highlands Insurance Company, International Insurance Company, Lexington Insurance Company, Meadows Syndicate, Inc., National Casualty Company, National Union Fire Insurance Company, of Pittsburgh, Pa., New England Insurance Company, Republic Insurance Company, Transco Syndicate # 1, Ltd., Twin City Fire Insurance Company, Western Employers Insurance Company, Zurich International Ltd., Defendants.
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
HELEN S. BALICK, Bankruptcy Judge.
There is presently in this court an adversary proceeding, Lone Star Industries, Inc. versus Liberty Mutual Insurance Company et al. (No. A91-23). This proceeding was removed by Lone Star to this court from Superior Court for the State of Delaware *271 on February 19, 1991 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1452. The plaintiff Lone Star now moves this court to transfer venue of this proceeding to the Southern District of New York where Lone Star's chapter 11 bankruptcy is being administered. The defendants move to remand the proceeding, or to abstain from hearing the proceeding, and for a determination whether plaintiff's change of venue motion is a core or a non-core matter.
Among the many disputes between the parties is whether the court's rulings on these matters will be a final order or only a report and recommendation to the District Court. To the extent that the court rules on the issues the parties raise, the rulings take the form of a Report and Recommendation. Bankr.R. 9027(e). If objections are filed to the Report and Recommendation, a review by the District Court is governed by Rule 9033.
I. Background to the removal of the Superior Court action
The following background history is undisputed. Lone Star manufactures concrete ties for railroads. On July 10, 1989, several railroad companies filed separate products liability actions against Lone Star in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. Each action alleged Lone Star's ties installed in railroad tracks were defective and sought in the aggregate over $150,000,000 in actual damages, plus an unspecified amount in consequential damages. On September 25, 1989, Lone Star filed a complaint for breach of contract and declaratory relief ("the contract action") against Liberty Mutual Insurance Company and 26 excess insurers in Superior Court for the State of Delaware in and for New Castle County (Wilmington, Delaware). Potter Anderson and Corroon, a Wilmington-based firm, and a New York law firm signed the complaint. The contract action alleged that, pursuant to liability insurance policies they issued, the defendant insurers were obligated to defend Lone Star and indemnify Lone Star for any judgment against it in the products liability actions.
On October 27, 1989, Richard E. Poole, Esq. of Potter Anderson and Corroon, wrote to then-President Judge Albert J. Stiftel of Superior Court requesting that the contract action be specially assigned. Mr. Poole's letter observed that the action involved "numerous defendants and the application of millions of dollars of insurance during a period of many years," and that "numerous issues may arise that could be resolved more efficiently if they were all heard by the same judge, who would be more familiar with the case." The request was granted on December 11, 1989 and the case was assigned to the Honorable Vincent A. Bifferato.
After moving for a more definite statement, the defendants finally answered Lone Star's complaint in early January 1990. In addition to denying liability, seventeen of the defendants requested a jury trial. Discovery requests began soon thereafter, but the defendants moved for a protective order. On February 20, 1990, Judge Bifferato issued a confidentiality order concerning documents produced as part of the litigation. On August 28, 1990, he granted in part and denied in part Lone Star's motion for partial summary judgment for several of the defendant insurers to pay certain legal fees. On September 7, 1990, he issued a 14 page case management order that, among other things, directed a litigation schedule, designated defense coordinators, discovery and motions procedures, and established a special filing system at the Superior Court Prothonotary's Office. On November 13, 1990, he granted Cigna Insurance Company's motion for summary judgment. The central issue raised by Cigna's motion was whether the Superior Court could consider the intent of the parties in interpreting an unambiguous "claims made" policy.
Lone Star filed its Chapter 11 petition in the Southern District of New York on December 10, 1990. An equity security holders committee and an unsecured creditors committee have been appointed. The plaintiffs in the products liability actions obtained limited relief from stay on March 20, 1991, for the purpose of moving for summary judgment.
*272 II. The motions before this court
Lone Star wishes to have the contract action heard in the Southern District of New York. Lone Star removed the contract action to this court only as a jurisdictional prerequisite to changing venue. Towards that end, concurrent with its removal of the Superior Court contract action to this court, Lone Star moved for a change of venue pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1412 and Bankruptcy Rule 7087. Lone Star concedes the contract action is non-core. On March 14, 1991, defendants moved this court to determine the nature of the change of venue motion, as well as to abstain from hearing pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(2) (mandatory abstention) or 28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(1) (discretionary abstention), or to remand the adversary proceeding to Superior Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1452(b). In a footnote in a memorandum of law in support of its motion, defendants raised for the first time the suggestion that Lone Star's application to remove was improper and should be stricken. While the court does not approve of this method of presenting a motion to strike, cf. Bankr.R. 7010 & 7012, Lone Star has responded to the motion, and this court considers the motion to strike also before it.
The parties disagree as to the order in which these motions should be decided. The court's jurisdiction over a matter must be established before non-jurisdictional issues can be addressed. E.g., Shendock v. Director, Office of Worker's Compensation Programs, 893 F.2d 1458, 1466-67 (3d Cir.) (en banc), cert. den., ___ U.S. ___, 111 S.Ct. 81, 112 L.Ed.2d 53 (1990). This principle dictates that the court first determine, as a preliminary matter, whether the Superior Court case was properly removed.
III. Discussion
A. Lone Star's application to remove was properly filed.
Section 1452(a) of Title 28, United States Code provides in relevant part: "A party may remove any . . . cause of action . . . to the district court for the district where such civil action is pending. . . ." Defendants argue that because the contract action was removed to the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, and not the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, the removal was improper. While there may be support for this argument in other jurisdictions, e.g., BancOhio National Bank v. Long (In re Long), 43 B.R. 692 (Bankr. N.D.Ohio 1984), in this jurisdiction all Title 11 proceedings are automatically referred to the United States Bankruptcy Court, In Re Referral of Title 11 Proceedings To The United States Bankruptcy Judge For This District, (D.Del. July 23, 1984) (order), and removal applications are properly filed in the bankruptcy court. Gorse v. Long Neck, Ltd., 107 B.R. 479 (D.Del.1989); In re Convent Guardian Corp., 75 B.R. 346 (Bankr.E.D.Pa.1987) (order).
B. The order of resolution of the remaining motions.
As among the other motions before this court, defendants argue that mandatory abstention is also jurisdictional and should therefore be addressed before the other motions. See In re Engra, 86 B.R. 890, 893 (S.D.Tex.1988). Lone Star counters that mandatory abstention is not applicable in a removal context. See e.g., In re 666 Assocs., 57 B.R. 8, 12 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y.1985). Lone Star also argues that mandatory abstention is not warranted because defendants have not shown that the requisite elements of § 1334(c)(2) are satisfied.
The court need not decide these issues. Assuming without deciding that Lone Star is correct that mandatory abstention is not applicable here, the court would still have to consider defendants' remand motion. Cf. Engra, 86 B.R. at 895. If granted, the remand would have the same effect as abstention of reviving the contract action in Superior Court. Therefore, the court will consider the remand motion, which proves to be dispositive of the parties' motions.
C. The adversary should be remanded to Superior Court.
Initially, Lone Star argues that this court defer to the "home" court of the Southern *273 District of New York on the remand issue. E.g., In re Convent Guardian Corp., 75 B.R. 346 (Bankr.E.D.Pa.1987) (order). This deferral procedure, however, assumes that venue of the adversary proceeding should be transferred to the Southern District of New York, and thus merely begs one of the substantive questions the parties want this court to resolve. Likewise, this deferral procedure vitiates the requirements of the venue transfer statute.
Moreover, as a logical and practical matter, the court should determine whether any bankruptcy court should hear a proceeding before it determines which bankruptcy court should hear it. Engra, 86 B.R. at 893; cf. Shendock v. Director, Office of Worker's Compensation Programs, 893 F.2d 1458, 1467 (3d Cir.) (en banc), cert. den., ___ U.S. ___, 111 S.Ct. 81, 112 L.Ed.2d 53 (1990). These principles dictate that the remand motion be determined before the venue motion.
Section § 1452(b) of Title 28, United States Code states: "The court to which [a cause of action] is removed may remand such . . . cause of action on any equitable ground." The parties agree that equitable factors the court should consider in considering whether to remand include:
1. the court's duty to decide matters properly before it;
2. plaintiff's choice of forum as between state and federal courts;
3. the nature of the claim or claims, that is, whether purely state law matters which could be better addressed by the state court are involved;
4. prejudice to involuntarily removed parties;
5. comity considerations;
6. economical and/or duplicative use of judicial resources; and
7. effect a remand decision would have on the efficient and economic administration of the estate.
Gorse v. Long Neck, Ltd., 107 B.R. 479, 482 (D.Del.1989). As previously discussed, this removed matter is properly before this court. Supra, Section III.A.
Lone Star originally chose the state court forum. It argues that it now chooses to proceed in the Southern District of New York federal forum where its Chapter 11 case is being administered. This argument incorrectly assumes however, that the adversary will necessarily be transferred. Lone Star does not wish to proceed in the District of Delaware federal forum. Moreover, except for the bankruptcy filing, all of the circumstances that Lone Star now argues support its decision to change forums were present when it originally chose the Delaware forum. See Allied Mech. & Plumbing Corp. v. Dynamic Hostels, 62 B.R. 873, 878 (Bankr.S.D.N.Y.1986) (debtor-plaintiff should not be able to change its original choice of state forum with respect to the resolution of a purely state law dispute absent a compelling reason). The second Gorse factor favors remand.[1]
The parties agree the adversary proceeding is a state-law contract action. Lone Star suggests that a bankruptcy court can resolve these state law issues just as easily as a state court. The parties, however, have not discussed what state law applies. The third Gorse factor is thus not particularly helpful in considering whether to remand.
The 26 involuntarily removed defendants are not prejudiced if the action remains in the District of Delaware. If the matter is heard in the Southern District of New York, however, the defendants would have to retain New York counsel. Lone Star argues that this would not prejudice defendants, because a few of the defendants have retained New York counsel to appear in one or two previous bankruptcy proceedings in the Southern District of New York. This argument is without merit. Merely because defendants have protected their interests by selectively appearing in previous New York proceedings does not indicate a preference for litigating, or a lack of *274 prejudice in appearing in that court. Litigating the contract action in New York would be more expensive, and would waste the knowledge of the case acquired by present counsel during the past state proceedings of over one year. In particular, the legal coordinator for the defendants practices in Delaware and does not have a New York office. The fourth factor favors remand.
The fifth and sixth factors will be considered together. The state court action has been proceeding for over a year. Lone Star originally characterized this action as involving "numerous defendants and the application of millions of dollars of insurance during a period of many years." Considering Lone Star's own characterization of the size and complex nature of this action, there is no indication that the action is moving inordinately slow, or that it would move any faster in the Southern District of New York. Any delay in the proceedings have been caused not by the court, but by the vigorous litigation of the defendants. See Gorse, 107 B.R. at 483. Judge Bifferato has expended significant resources resolving matters and developing familiarity with the case.[2] A case management order is in place. In short, the benefits of a special assignment that Lone Star anticipated and requested in its letter of October 27, 1989 have been realized. Ironically, now Lone Star argues that the action could proceed just as efficiently before a new judge in another court. There is no basis for this assertion. See In re Manville Forest Products Corp., 896 F.2d 1384, 1391 (2d Cir.1990) (transfer requiring duplication of the learning curve obtained by a judge in pre-trial proceedings militates against transfer). Remand to the Superior Court for the State of Delaware would most economically utilize judicial resources. As a matter of comity, remand would display a proper respect for a state court's role in deciding a purely state law case, and in particular, Judge Bifferato's prior investment of time and efforts in managing the case.
Finally, remanding this proceeding to state court will have a substantial beneficial effect on the efficient and economic administration of the estate. Lone Star has not shown this action would proceed more efficiently in New York. The contract action is a non-core matter, dealing solely with state law. No efficiency would be gained by having a bankruptcy court hear the action. To the contrary, a remand would eliminate the de novo District Court review required if the matter remained in bankruptcy court. Also, several legal issues that the defendants have raised in their briefing will cease to have legal consequence and thus not have to be litigated and resolved.
Lone Star contends that a remand would visit unneeded expense on the estate because of the attendance in Wilmington, Delaware of Lone Star executives, and counsel for the appointed committees in the chapter 11 case, and the extra expense of local counsel. However, Lone Star has not explained why there would be a substantial number of state court proceedings that its executives would need to attend. For instance, Lone Star states, without factual or legal support, that these executives will need to attend state court proceedings to testify to their contractual intent in connection with the insurance policies. The court also observes that Lone Star has not explained why it chose the Delaware forum in September 1989 if Lone Star deemed the burden of executives traveling to Wilmington to be so significant (as it now asserts).
With regard to committee counsel, Lone Star has not shown how they would have standing to participate in a state proceeding, or why their attendance in Wilmington would be necessary. Similarly, Lone Star has not explained why New York counsel would need to attend Delaware proceedings at all, where Lone Star already had Delaware counsel representing it in the contract action before the bankruptcy filing and Lone Star has applied to the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New *275 York to specially retain these counsel. And the expense of Delaware counsel for Lone Star must be considered in light of the expense and inequity of requiring all 26 defendants to retain new New York counsel, as discussed previously in connection with the fourth factor.
The court also observes that any equitable ground suffices to remand a cause of action and that the Gorse factors are merely illustrative. That 17 of the defendants have requested a state jury trial is an equitable ground which in and of itself argues heavily in favor of remand. Gorse v. Long Neck, Ltd., No. 89-33 JRR, slip. op. at 4-6 (D.Del. Nov. 20, 1989) (citing Zweygardt v. Colorado National Bank of Denver, 52 B.R. 229, 234-35 (Bankr.D.Colo. 1985)).
In summary, consideration of appropriate factors under 28 U.S.C. § 1452(b) over-whelmingly support a decision to remand the adversary proceeding to state court. This remand also eliminates the need to decide whether mandatory or permissive abstention is available, the nature of a transfer motion, and whether the proceeding should be transferred. For these reasons, I recommend that the civil action be remanded to the Superior Court of the state of Delaware in and for New Castle County.
NOTES
[1] Defendants suggest that Lone Star is forum-shopping that it is dissatisfied with several adverse rulings by Judge Bifferato and seeks to litigate the contract action before a different judge. It would be entirely inappropriate to make such a finding on the paper record before this court. DuToit v. Strategic Minerals Corp., 136 F.R.D. 82, 86 (D.Del.1991).
[2] Lone Star erroneously discounts Judge Bifferato's time expended on discovery matters as not helpful in developing expertise with the issues underlying the contract action. To properly rule on discovery issues, a judge must have a firm grasp of the underlying factual and legal issues.