Not for Publication in West’s Federal Reporter
United States Court of Appeals
For the First Circuit
No. 07-2623
EDDY SUNARNO,
Petitioner,
v.
MICHAEL B. MUKASEY, ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.
ON PETITION FOR REVIEW OF AN ORDER
OF THE BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS
Before
Lynch, Chief Judge,
Boudin and Lipez, Circuit Judges.
Cindy S. Chang for petitioner.
Samia Naseem, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration
Litigation, Gregory G. Katsas, Acting Assistant Attorney General,
Civil Division, and Linda S. Wendtland, Assistant Director, Office
of Immigration Litigation, on brief for respondent.
September 25, 2008
Per Curiam. Petitioner Eddy Sunarno, a native and
citizen of Indonesia, seeks review of a decision of the Board of
Immigration Appeals (BIA) denying his motion to reopen his
immigration proceedings, which consisted of applications for
asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention
Against Torture (CAT). Sunarno, who is Catholic, alleges that he
was persecuted by Indonesian Muslims on account of his religion.
We deny the petition.
I.
At a hearing before an Immigration Judge (IJ), Sunarno
provided the following testimony. He was born in Indonesia in
1957, and was baptized as a Catholic in 1986. On August 7, 1992,
he was on his way to the central market when he was followed and
stopped by two Muslim men who demanded to see his identification
card (which listed his address and identified him as a Catholic).
These men threatened to kill Sunarno and his family if he refused
to convert to Islam.
Several days later, in the middle of the night on August
13, 1992, two men who he believed were the earlier assailants set
fire to the convenience store that he owned and operated. Sunarno
testified that when the convenience store burned down, he lost
$600,000, but that he did not report the fire and the loss to the
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authorities.1 Petitioner then moved to Jakarta and experienced no
further violence during his two remaining years in Indonesia.
Sunarno entered the United States on March 18, 1994 as a
non-immigrant visitor authorized to remain in the country through
September 17, 1994. In a Notice to Appear issued on April 21,
2003, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) charged petitioner
as removable under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(B) as an alien who had
overstayed his visa. On October 13, 2003, he filed an asylum
application with the former INS.
At a hearing in July 2005, Sunarno conceded removability,
but renewed his request for relief in the form of asylum,
withholding of removal, and protection under the CAT.
In an oral decision, the IJ ruled that, because Sunarno
had failed to apply for asylum within one year of his arrival in
the United States, as required by 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B)(2002),
his request for asylum was time-barred. Additionally, the IJ found
that petitioner did not qualify for any of the exceptions to the
one-year filing deadline. With respect to his CAT and withholding
of removal claims, the IJ made several adverse credibility findings
and ruled that Sunarno had failed to establish that it was more
1
Petitioner's asylum application also indicates that while
he and his family watched the store burn down from his nearby home,
his father collapsed and died. Petitioner did not mention
witnessing the store's destruction or the death of his father
during his direct testimony before the IJ, and when cross-examined
by the government's attorney, he stated that he had forgotten these
facts.
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likely than not that he would suffer persecution or torture upon
his return to Indonesia.
The BIA did not address the IJ's credibility
determination, but upheld the IJ's ruling that Sunarno's asylum
claim was time-barred and affirmed the denial of his CAT and
withholding of removal claims. Sunarno did not petition this court
for review of that decision.
Instead, he filed a motion to reopen, seeking to submit
additional testimony and evidence relevant to his claims.2 This
"new" evidence consisted mainly of newspaper articles documenting
the prejudice and violence that Christians in Indonesia experienced
at the hands of Muslim extremists. The Board denied petitioner's
motion to reopen, finding that the articles were insufficient to
establish a pattern or practice of persecution of Christians and
"[did] not demonstrate that conditions ha[d] worsened for
Christians in Indonesia such that the respondent would now be able
to show a clear probability that he would be persecuted in his
country of origin on account of his religion."
II.
We review the denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of
discretion. Raza v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 125, 127 (1st Cir. 2007).
2
Although his motion to reopen also alleged a due process
violation based on a problem with the interpreter at his hearing,
Sunarno failed to mention this argument in the brief submitted to
this court, and it has therefore been waived. Nikijuluw v.
Gonzales, 427 F.3d 115, 120 n.3 (1st Cir. 2005).
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Because motions to reopen implicate significant policy concerns, we
must give substantial deference to the Board's decisions on such
requests. See, e.g., Beltre-Veloz v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 7, 9 (1st
Cir. 2008) (explaining that motions to reopen are disfavored in
light of the strong public interest in finality and speedy
processing of claims); Lemus v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 399, 401 (1st
Cir. 2007). Accordingly, "we will uphold a denial of a motion to
reopen unless we conclude that the BIA either committed a material
error of law or exercised its authority in an arbitrary,
capricious, or irrational manner." Beltre-Veloz, 533 F.3d at 9.
To succeed on a motion to reopen, petitioner must state
"new facts that will be proven at a hearing to be held if the
motion is granted." 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1); see also Kechichian
v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 15, 22 (1st Cir. 2008). A motion to reopen
must be denied unless the new evidence "establish[es] a prima facie
case sufficient to ground a claim of eligibility for the underlying
substantive relief." Raza, 484 F.3d at 128. We address
petitioner's claims for withholding of removal and relief under the
CAT in turn.
An alien applying for withholding of removal must show
that it is "more likely than not" that either he will be singled
out for persecution upon return to his country of origin, 8 C.F.R.
§ 1208.16(b)(2), or that there is a "pattern or practice" in his
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home country of persecution of a group with which he identifies.
Id. Sunarno made no such showing in this case.
In his brief before this court, petitioner does not even
attempt to prove that he would be singled out for persecution in
Indonesia. Instead, he makes a cursory reference to an alleged
"pattern or practice" of discrimination against Christians in
Indonesia and draws the unsupported conclusion that "for sure [he]
would be persecuted on account of his religion" if forced to
return. However, the Board reasonably determined that the
additional evidence submitted by Sunarno in connection with his
motion to reopen was insufficient for a prima facie showing of
eligibility for relief.
This court has "repeatedly held that 'discrimination in
Indonesia does not, without more, qualify a Christian Indonesian
national for asylum.'" Datau v. Mukasey, ___ F.3d ___, 2008 WL
3917134, at *3 (1st Cir. Aug. 27, 2008) (quoting Sombah v.
Mukasey, 529 F.3d 49, 51 (1st Cir. 2008)); see also Pulisir v.
Mukasey, 524 F.3d 302, 308-09 (1st Cir. 2008); Kho v. Keisler, 505
F.3d 50, 58 (1st Cir. 2007).3 The new evidence submitted along
with petitioner's motion to reopen did not establish anything
"more" than isolated incidents of such discrimination. As the
3
Indeed, in recent decisions, we have noted an improvement
in conditions for Indonesian Christians and an "advance in inter-
religious tolerance." See, e.g., Datau, 2008 WL 3917134, at *3;
Nikijuluw v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 115, 119, 122 (1st Cir. 2005).
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Board noted, the new evidence, which consisted mainly of news
articles about specific crimes in Indonesia, merely indicated that
"Muslim extremists continue to carry out terrorist attacks and that
Christians are sometimes targeted for violence." Petitioner did
not establish a change in country conditions that would have
allowed him to prove that, if returned to Indonesia, he was more
likely than not to be persecuted as part of a general pattern or
practice. Therefore, his claim for withholding of removal must
fail.
In order to qualify for relief under the CAT, an alien
must show that it is more likely than not that he would be tortured
upon return to his country. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b)(2); Jamal v.
Mukasey, 531 F.3d 60, 66 (1st Cir. 2008). The new evidence in
Sunarno's motion to reopen was plainly insufficient to establish a
prima facie case for relief under the CAT. In any event, because
petitioner's brief does not make any argument about his eligibility
for relief under the CAT, the issue has been waived.
Petition denied.
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