NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
2009-1214
VANTAGE ASSOCIATES, INC.,
Appellant,
v.
Robert M. Gates, SECRETARY OF DEFENSE,
Appellee.
Brian J. Donovan, Jones & Donovan, of Newport Beach, California, for appellant.
Patryk J. Drescher, Trial Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division,
United States Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, for appellee. With him on the
brief were Michael F. Hertz, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson,
Director, and Harold D. Lester, Jr., Assistant Director.
Appealed from: Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals
Administrative Judge Michael T. Paul
NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
2009-1214
VANTAGE ASSOCIATES, INC.,
Appellant,
v.
Robert M. Gates, SECRETARY OF DEFENSE,
Appellee.
Appeal from the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals in no. 55647,
Administrative Judge Michael T. Paul.
_________________________
DECIDED: August 7, 2009
_________________________
Before RADER, PLAGER, and SCHALL, Circuit Judges.
SCHALL, Circuit Judge.
DECISION
Vantage Associates, Inc. (“Vantage”) appeals from the final decision of the
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (“Board”), which granted the government’s
motion for summary judgment and denied Vantage’s breach of contract claim for
$81,283 in damages arising from the cancellation of a purchase order issued by the
Defense Supply Center Columbus (“DSCC”). Vantage Associates, Inc., ASBCA No.
55647, slip op. at 6 (Dec. 31, 2008). We affirm.
DISCUSSION
I.
On November 15, 2005, DSCC issued Vantage a purchase order for the delivery
of plastic carrying cases for weapons. Id. at 1. After a series of delays in delivery, on
July 12, 2006, DSCC issued Modification No. P00001, extending the delivery date for
the cases to August 18, 2006. Id. at 3. On August 7, 2006, Vantage sent an e-mail to
DSCC stating, “[W]e are looking at not being able to ship until October as the vendor is
unable to fulfill our purchase order due to some mold problems.” Id. On August 17,
2006, the contracting officer issued Modification No. P00002, cancelling the purchase
order. Id. Vantage received the modification on August 18th. Id. at 4. After the
contracting officer denied Vantage’s claim for “contract adjustment for cancellation” in
the amount of $81,283, Vantage appealed to the Board. Id. at 4–5. In due course, the
Board granted summary judgment in favor of the government, on the ground that DSCC
ceased to be bound by the purchase order once Vantage notified DSCC that it would
not be able to meet the August 18th delivery date set forth in Modification No. P00001.
Id. at 6. Vantage now appeals to us. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 1295(a)(10).
II.
Vantage argues that the government’s purchase order was an irrevocable offer,
and that the government’s revocation of the purchase order prior to its expiration was a
breach for which Vantage is entitled to compensation. Vantage’s Br. 10. The purchase
order, according to Vantage, was an offer for a unilateral contract, which became
irrevocable once Vantage began performance and notified the government of the
2009-1214 2
commenced performance. Id. at 11. Vantage contends that once the offer became
irrevocable, the government was precluded from revoking it before either the close of
business or midnight of the delivery date, August 18, 2006. Id. at 15. Vantage also
contends that its August 7, 2006 e-mail notifying the government that it did not intend to
deliver the cases by August 18, 2006 did not relieve the government of its obligation to
keep the purchase order open until, at the very least, the close of business on August
18, 2006, because the concept of anticipatory breach does not apply to unilateral
contracts. Id. at 18. Thus, in Vantage’s view, the government’s cancellation of the
purchase order on August 17, 2006, was a breach of contract for which the government
must compensate Vantage. Id. at 19.
We are not persuaded by Vantage’s arguments that the Board erred in holding
that the government was no longer bound by the purchase order once Vantage notified
DSSC that it could not meet the delivery date. We agree with Vantage that the
purchase order was a unilateral offer, and that Vantage’s commencement of
performance limited the government’s right to revoke the purchase order. We disagree,
however, with Vantage that the August 7, 2006 e-mail communicating to DSSC that
Vantage could not perform in a timely manner did not relieve the government of its
obligation to keep the purchase order open until August 18, 2006. That is because the
government’s promise not to revoke the offer was in exchange for Vantage’s implied
promise to complete performance. Once Vantage notified the government that it would
not complete performance according to the terms of the purchase order, the
government was no longer bound by its promise not to revoke the offer.
2009-1214 3
We note that Vantage does not argue that, but for the government’s cancellation
of the purchase order, it would have timely performed by the end of the day on August
18, 2006. In its opening brief, Vantage states that, if the government had not cancelled
the order, it would have delivered the cases no later than September 30, 2006.
Vantage’s Br. 9. In other words, if the government had not cancelled the purchase
order, Vantage would not have furnished the cases in accordance with the terms of the
contract. Vantage argues, nevertheless, that the government prematurely cancelled its
purchase order at 3:27 a.m. on August 18, 2006—hours before the purchase order
would have lapsed by its own terms. In other words, despite its inability to perform,
Vantage contends it can recover all of its costs because, just before the delivery
deadline that it admits it would not have met, it received notice of the purchase order’s
cancellation. We do not think that, under these circumstances, Vantage is entitled to
damages for the costs it incurred in preparation to deliver the cases.
No costs.
2009-1214 4