EDGEWOOD DEVELOPMENT, INC. and Joseph A. Colyer, a/k/a Joseph A. Coyler, Plaintiffs/Counterdefendants-Appellants,
v.
Timothy LANDSKROENER and Sheryl Landskroener, Defendants/Counterplaintiffs-Appellees.
Docket No. 245826.
Court of Appeals of Michigan.
Submitted April 13, 2004, at Lansing. Decided May 20, 2004, at 9:15 a.m. Released for Publication July 21, 2004.*388 Couzens, Lansky, Fealk, Ellis, Roeder & Lazar, P.C. (by Bruce J. Lazar and Mark S. Frankel), and Jay R. Drick, Farmington Hills, Howell, for the plaintiff.
Joseph F. Regnier, Brighton, for the defendants.
Before: BANDSTRA, P.J., and SAWYER and FITZGERALD, JJ.
FITZGERALD, J.
This action arises from a contract to build a house. Plaintiffs appeal by delayed leave granted from the order granting partial summary disposition in favor of defendants pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(5) on the ground that MCL 339.2412(1) of the Michigan residential builders act, MCL 339.2401 et seq., barred plaintiffs from bringing suit to recover compensation because plaintiff Edgewood Development, Inc., was unlicensed at the time the contract was signed. We reverse and remand.
Plaintiff Joseph S. Colyer, the sole shareholder and president of plaintiff Edgewood Development, Inc., passed the Michigan residential builders licensing examination in November 2000. On February 28, 2001, Colyer, as Edgewood's "qualifying officer," filed the necessary paperwork with the state for Edgewood to obtain a residential builder's license. Edgewood received its builders license on May 23, 2001.
Before Edgewood received its builders license, it contracted with defendants on March 16, 2001, for the purchase of a parcel of undeveloped land and for the construction of a residence on this property. The total price of the land and residence was $234,000, with $70,000 of this amount reflecting the price of the land. Under the terms of the contract, construction was to be completed by August 31, 2001, or four months from the date of the start of the construction. Edgewood had a perk test done on the lot, removed trees, graded the lot, and added a driveway before Edgewood received its builder's license.
On June 15, 2001, a building permit was issued to Edgewood. On July 23, 2001, the parties closed on the land sale and Edgewood began construction of defendants' home. Construction was completed and a certificate of occupancy was issued on December 20, 2001.
On June 10, 2002, plaintiffs commenced this suit to collect the $32,130 balance owed under the contract. In counts I and II, plaintiffs claimed that defendants breached the contract by failing to pay the balance owed under the contract and were unjustly enriched. In Count III, plaintiffs alleged that they were entitled to foreclose *389 on their construction lien.[1] Defendants filed a counterclaim and moved for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(5) on their counterclaim. In their motion, defendants asserted that plaintiffs lacked the capacity to sue for compensation because MCL 339.2412(1) required Edgewood to have a valid residential builder's license at the time the contract was signed. Defendants also asserted that the construction lien should be removed for the same reason.
The trial court entertained arguments on the motion and granted defendants' request to remove the construction lien on the ground that Edgewood failed to comply with MCL 570.1114 of the Construction Lien Act, MCL 570.1101 et seq., by not including the license number on the contract. The trial court also granted defendants' motion for summary disposition of counts I to III, finding that Edgewood was not licensed at the time the contract was signed by the parties and therefore lacked the capacity to sue under the contract.[2] Plaintiffs' motion for reconsideration was denied.
Plaintiffs argue that the trial court's determination that MCL 339.2412(1) required Edgewood to have a residential builders license at the time the contract was signed in order to bring suit against defendants was erroneous. In reviewing a trial court's ruling on a motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(5), this Court reviews the entire record to determine whether the moving party was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Franklin Historic Dist. Study Comm. v. Village of Franklin, 241 Mich.App. 184, 187, 614 N.W.2d 703 (2000). Statutory interpretation is a question of law that is also reviewed de novo. Oakland Co. Bd. of Co. Rd. Comm'rs v. Michigan Property & Casualty Guaranty Ass'n, 456 Mich. 590, 610, 575 N.W.2d 751 (1998).
MCL 339.2412(1) provides:
A person or qualifying officer for a corporation or member of a residential builder or residential maintenance and alteration contractor shall not bring or maintain an action in a court of this state for the collection of compensation for the performance of an act or contract for which a license is required by this article without alleging and proving that the person was licensed under this article during the performance of the act or contract.
At issue in this case is the meaning of the phrase "during the performance of the act or contract." This issue presents a question of first impression.[3]
*390 The primary goal of statutory interpretation is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the Legislature. Gladych v. New Family Homes, Inc., 468 Mich. 594, 597, 664 N.W.2d 705 (2003). The Legislature is presumed to intend the meaning it plainly expressed. Guardian Photo, Inc. v. Dep't of Treasury, 243 Mich.App. 270, 276-277, 621 N.W.2d 233 (2000). "In reviewing the statute's language, every word should be given meaning, and we should avoid a construction that would render any part of the statute surplusage or nugatory." Wickens v. Oakwood Healthcare Sys., 465 Mich. 53, 60, 631 N.W.2d 686 (2001). But when the language of the statute is clear and unambiguous, judicial construction is neither required nor permitted. Frankenmuth Mut. Ins. Co. v. Marlette Homes, Inc., 456 Mich. 511, 515, 573 N.W.2d 611 (1998).
The clear and unambiguous language of the statute imposes no requirement that a residential builder be licensed at the time the contract is signed in order to bring or maintain an action in a court of this state for the collection of compensation for the performance of the contract and, therefore, one may not legitimately append this requirement to the statute. In other words, because the statute does not require a residential builder to allege and prove that the builder was licensed at the time the contract was signed, neither may the courts.
Our conclusion is strengthened by the history of the language set forth in the statute. A change in the statutory language is presumed to reflect a change in the meaning of the statute. Eaton Farm Bureau v. Eaton Twp., 221 Mich.App. 663, 668, 561 N.W.2d 884 (1997), (On Remand), 231 Mich.App. 622, 588 N.W.2d 142 (1998). Before 1980, pursuant to 1965 PA 383, MCL 338.1516[4] required a residential builder to allege and prove that he was duly licensed at all times during the performance of the act or contract. Therefore, at one time, the trial court's construction of the statute would have been accurate because the unambiguous language of the statute would have required such a construction. However, pursuant to 1980 PA 299, the language requiring a residential builder to allege and prove that he was licensed at all times was deleted and no longer appeared in the statute. By deleting the language *391 "at all times," the Legislature evinced its intent to allow a residential builder who becomes licensed during the performance of the act or contract to bring an action in a court of this state for the collection of compensation for the performance of the act or contract. Because Edgewood held a builder's license during the performance of the contract, MCL 339.2412(1) does not preclude this action. The trial court erred in its determination that § 2412(1) barred plaintiffs' claims.[5]
Reversed and remanded. Jurisdiction is not retained.
NOTES
[1] In count IV of the complaint, plaintiffs alleged that defendants "erected a fence and gate obstructing Plaintiff's use of a common driveway/easement on the parcel owned by Defendants with an adjoining parcel owned by Plaintiffs" in an effort to obstruct plaintiffs' sale of the adjoining parcel of land.
[2] The trial court did not dismiss count IV of plaintiffs' complaint regarding defendants' interference with plaintiffs' attempts to sell a parcel of property adjoining defendants' property.
[3] Defendants' representation that Annex Constr., Inc. v. Fenech, 191 Mich.App. 219, 477 N.W.2d 103 (1991), dispositively controls the resolution of this case is misplaced because Annex does not address the question presented in this case. In Annex, which arose out of the trial court's refusal to grant summary disposition based on MCL 339.2412, the factual predicate was as follows:
There is no dispute that at the time plaintiff and defendants entered into the contract for the construction of defendants' home plaintiff was not a licensed builder under the act. Nor did plaintiff ever acquire a license during the performance of the contract. However, plaintiff's president and sole shareholder, Glenn Klocke, was a licensed builder at all relevant times. The trial court, therefore, ruled that plaintiff had substantially complied with the licensing requirements of the act by virtue of the license possessed by Klocke. [Annex, supra at 220, 477 N.W.2d 103.]
After this Court concluded that Klocke and the plaintiff corporation could not be considered the same entity for licensing purposes under the residential builders act, the Court addressed and rejected a claim that the plaintiff had substantially complied with the licensing requirements, explaining:
Moreover, the facts of this case do not support a finding that plaintiff substantially complied with the licensing requirements. The substantial compliance doctrine adopted in Michigan Roofing & Sheet Metal, Inc. v. Dufty Road Properties, 90 Mich.App. 732, 735-736, 282 N.W.2d 809 (1979) [,] requires, in part, that the builder possess a valid residential builder's license at the time the construction contract is executed. The undisputed facts established that plaintiff did not possess such a license in its own name at any time. Therefore, plaintiff's failure to acquire a valid license during the making and performance of the contract precludes it from maintaining its suit against defendants. [Annex, supra at 220-221, 477 N.W.2d 103.]
There is nothing in the language quoted above that construes the statutory phrase "was licensed ... during the performance of the act or contract." To the extent that above-quoted language can be construed as ruling that the builder has to be licensed at the time the contract is entered into, the ruling was made in the context of the requirements of the substantial compliance doctrine, a doctrine not at issue here.
[4] MCL 339.2412(1), which was added as part of 1980 PA 299, superseded MCL 338.1516, which was repealed by 1980 PA 299.
[5] The parties agree that plaintiffs did not have a valid construction lien and that the trial court properly dismissed count III.