10-1631-cv
Daniels v. Brooklyn Estates & Properties Realty, et al.
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN
CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE
EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON
ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
the Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New
York, on the 15th day of March, two thousand eleven.
PRESENT: PIERRE N. LEVAL,
REENA RAGGI,
PETER W. HALL,
Circuit Judges.
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JAMEL DANIELS,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 10-1631-cv
BROOKLYN ESTATES & PROPERTIES REALTY,
GREGAN EQUITIES, INC., PAUL GREGAN,
in his individual and official capacity, INGA
BARKOVICH, in her individual and official capacity,
LARISA FERRARO, in her individual and official
capacity,
Defendants-Cross-Claimants-
Cross-Defendants-Appellees,
PAUL BREGIANOS, JOHN DOE, in his individual
and official capacity,
Defendants-Appellees.
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FOR APPELLANT: Frederick K. Brewington, Esq., Hempstead, New York.
FOR APPELLEES: Jack L. Cohen, Law Offices of Charles J. Siegel, New York,
New York, for Appellees Brooklyn Estates & Properties Realty,
Inga Barkovich, and Larisa Ferrano.
Michael S. Sommer, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, New
York, New York, for Appellees Gregan Equities, Inc., Paul
Gregan, and Paul Bregianos.
Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District
of New York (Sandra L. Townes, Judge).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND
DECREED that the April 6, 2010 judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
Plaintiff Jamel Daniels appeals from an award of summary judgment in favor of
defendant Gregan Equities, Inc., and Paul Bregianos (collectively, “Gregan defendants”); and
Brooklyn Estates & Properties Realty (“Brooklyn Estates”), Inga Barkovich, and Larisa
Ferraro (collectively, “Brooklyn Estates defendants”), dismissing his claims of race and
disability discrimination in housing under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981-82, 1985-86, 3601 et seq., and
various state and local laws.1 We review an award of summary judgment de novo, “resolving
all ambiguities and drawing all permissible factual inferences in favor of the party against
whom summary judgment is sought.” Burg v. Gosselin, 591 F.3d 95, 97 (2d Cir. 2010)
(internal quotation marks omitted). We will uphold such an award only if the record reveals
no genuine issues of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter
1
We affirm the district court’s decision to dismiss Daniels’s pendent state law claims
without prejudice because Daniels offers no independent challenge to that decision, nor does
he identify an abuse of discretion therein. See, e.g., New York Mercantile Exch., Inc. v.
IntercontinentalExchange, Inc., 497 F.3d 109, 113 (2d Cir. 2007) (reviewing for abuse of
discretion district court’s decision whether to exercise supplemental jurisdiction).
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of law. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). In applying these standards, we assume the parties’
familiarity with the facts and procedural history of the case.
1. The Gregan Defendants
a. Race Discrimination
The district court dismissed Daniels’s race discrimination claims because the Gregan
defendants advanced evidence of legitimate, non-discriminatory reasons for rejecting
Daniels’s rental application, specifically his failure to satisfy required income and credit
levels. See, e.g., Mitchell v. Shane, 350 F.3d 39, 47 (2d Cir. 2003) (applying three-step
analysis from McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802-04 (1973), to fair
housing claim), and Daniels failed to show evidence supporting an inference of
discrimination.2
Daniels submits that the defendants’ showing did not warrant summary judgment
because he raised sufficient questions as to the plausibility of the articulated reasons to allow
a factfinder to conclude they were only a pretext for discrimination. Like the district court,
we are not persuaded. Daniels’s claim that fact questions existed as to whether Gregan had
a credit requirement at the time it rejected his application is belied by testimony from
Barkovich and Daniels himself recounting pre-rejection conversations discussing Daniels’s
difficulty meeting the standard. Nor has Daniels adduced any other evidence supporting an
inference that defendants’ real reason for rejecting him was race. See, e.g., St. Mary’s Honor
2
Daniels’s failure to satisfy these criteria suggests that his claim failed at the first step
of McDonnell Douglas analysis, although the district court assumed Daniels cleared this
hurdle and discussed the criteria in connection with the ultimate question of whether the
record evidence allowed a finding of discriminatory motivation.
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Ctr. v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 515-16 (1993); Weinstock v. Columbia Univ., 224 F.3d 33, 42
(2d Cir. 2000). Daniels submitted that a Brooklyn Estates employee identified only as
Robert or John told him that Gregan rejected his rental application based on his race. But as
the district court correctly concluded, this was hearsay and not admissible evidence. See Fed.
R. Civ. P. 56(c); Presbyterian Church of Sudan v. Talisman Energy, Inc., 582 F.3d 244, 264
(2d Cir. 2009) (noting evidence rules apply equally on summary judgment). The Brooklyn
Estates employee was not an agent of Gregan Equities, Inc., so as to make the statement
admissible against that party pursuant to Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(2).
Accordingly, because the record evidence did not support a finding of racial bias,
summary judgment was correctly granted in favor of defendants on this claim.
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b. Disability Discrimination
Daniels’s challenge to the dismissal of his disability discrimination claim merits little
discussion. To the extent he faults Gregan for not affording him a reasonable
accommodation from the financial requirements applicable to prospective tenants, the claim
fails under Salute v. Stratford Greens Garden Apartments, 136 F.3d 293 (2d. Cir. 1998),
which observed that the Fair Housing Act “addresses the accommodation of handicaps, not
the alleviation of economic disadvantages that may be correlated with having handicaps,”
id. at 301. U.S. Airways, Inc. v. Barnett, 535 U.S. 391 (2002), warrants no different
conclusion in this case. Like the plaintiffs in Salute, what stood between this plaintiff and
the apartment he sought “[wa]s a shortage of money, and nothing else.” 136 F.3d at 302.
Daniels points to no “special circumstances” otherwise. U.S. Airways, Inc. v. Barnett, 535
U.S. at 405. Consequently, as in Salute, the accommodation Daniels seeks “is not
‘necessary’ to afford handicapped persons ‘equal opportunity’ to use and enjoy a dwelling.”
Salute v. Stratford Greens Garden Apartments, 136 F.3d at 301 (quoting 42 U.S.C. §
3604(f)(3)).
2. The Brooklyn Estates Defendants
Daniels does not challenge the district court’s conclusion that the Brooklyn Estates
defendants are not liable as a matter of law for the alleged discriminatory rejection of
Daniels’s rental application for a Coney Island apartment. See, e.g., Norton v. Sam’s Club,
145 F.3d 114, 117 (2d Cir. 1998). Instead, Daniels challenges the district court’s dismissal
of his “racial steering” claim based upon defendants’ offer of an apartment in Harlem.
Because Daniels failed to adduce admissible evidence that the “defendant afforded an
5
African-American person fewer housing opportunities than a similarly-situated White person
on account of race,” Cabrera v. Jakabovitz, 24 F.3d 372, 390 (2d Cir. 1994) (stating
requirements for prima facie claim of racial steering), summary judgment was correctly
granted in favor of the Brooklyn Estates defendants.
We have considered Daniels’s remaining arguments on appeal and conclude that they
are without merit. Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
FOR THE COURT:
CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, Clerk of Court
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