Huber v. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

Cite as: 562 U. S. ____ (2011) 1 Statement of ALITO, J. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES ROBERT HUBER ET UX. v. NEW JERSEY DEPART- MENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY, APPELLATE DIVISION No. 10–388. Decided March 21, 2011 The petition for a writ of certiorari is denied. Statement of JUSTICE ALITO, with whom THE CHIEF JUSTICE, JUSTICE SCALIA, and JUSTICE THOMAS join, respecting the denial of certiorari. Our cases recognize a limited exception to the Fourth Amendment’s warrant requirement for searches of busi nesses in “closely regulated industries.” See, e.g., New York v. Burger, 482 U. S. 691, 699–703 (1987) (internal quotation marks omitted). The thinking is that, other things being equal, the “expectation of privacy in commer cial premises” is significantly less than the “expectation in an individual’s home.” Id., at 700. And where a business operates in an industry with a “long tradition of close government supervision”—liquor dealers and pawnbrokers are classic examples—the expectation of privacy becomes “particularly attenuated.” Ibid. (internal quotation marks omitted). In this case, a New Jersey appellate court applied this doctrine to uphold a warrantless search by a state envi ronmental official of Robert and Michelle Huber’s back yard. No. A–5874–07T3, 2010 WL 173533, *9–*10 (Super. Ct. N. J., App. Div., Jan. 20, 2010) (per curiam). The Hubers’ residential property contains wetlands protected by a New Jersey environmental statute. See N. J. Stat. Ann. §13:9B–1 et seq. (West 2003 and Supp. 2010). Ac cording to the court below, the presence of these wetlands brought the Hubers’ yard “directly under the regulatory arm” of the State “just as much” as if the yard had been 2 HUBER v. NEW JERSEY DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Statement of ALITO, J. involved in a “regulated industry.” 2010 WL 173533, *10. This Court has not suggested that a State, by imposing heavy regulations on the use of privately owned residen tial property, may escape the Fourth Amendment’s war rant requirement. But because this case comes to us on review of a decision by a state intermediate appellate court, I agree that today’s denial of certiorari is appropri ate. See this Court’s Rule 10. It does bear mentioning, however, that “denial of certiorari does not constitute an expression of any opinion on the merits.” Boumediene v. Bush, 549 U. S. 1328, 1329 (2007) (Stevens and KENNEDY, JJ., statement respecting denial of certiorari).