SCHNEPF
v.
THOMAS L. McNAMARA, INC.
Docket No. 7, Calendar No. 47,566.
Supreme Court of Michigan.
Decided December 2, 1958.Charles A. Hills, for plaintiff.
Joseph W. Planck, for defendant.
DETHMERS, C.J.
Plaintiff declared on a written contract for sums due thereunder, for further sums due under an oral contract allegedly entered into on termination of the former, and for damages for breach of the latter. Defendant filed a cross declaration for damages resulting from plaintiff's alleged breach of the written contract. A jury returned a verdict of $10,000 for defendant. Plaintiff appeals.
Defendant had contracted to construct a sewer for the city of Saginaw at a stipulated price, to complete it by a certain date and to pay a penalty for each day's delay beyond that date. Defendant made a subcontract with plaintiff, under which plaintiff was to haul away all dirt excavated on the job and to haul back sand from a specified location to be used as backfill. The subcontract was as follows:
"March 11, 1954. Agreement between Thos. L. McNamara, Incorporated and J. Trucking Co. [plaintiff]. J. Trucking Co. agrees to haul all necessary sand backfill from Ojibway island to Rust street job and to haul away to dumps designated *395 by city all excavation from sewer trenches for the sum of $22,000. At all times there shall be sufficient trucks on job as not to hinder production. Thos. L. McNamara, Inc. agrees to pay J. Trucking Co. according to estimates received from City.
Signed /s/ THOMAS L. McNAMARA, Thomas L. McNamara, Inc. /s/ JOHN M. SCHNEPF per JHS, J. Trucking Co."Operations commenced under the subcontract on March 22, 1954, and continued until April 13, 1954. On the latter date it became necessary for defendant to procure backfill sand from a different source because the sand taken from Ojibway island, as mentioned in the subcontract, was rejected as unsuitable by the highway department. The location of the new source was at a slightly greater distance from the sewer construction job. For a number of days the backfill sand was hauled from the new location by plaintiff, who at that time made no claim of breach or termination of the written contract. During that period, after the location change, defendant paid plaintiff $2,640 in instalments on the written contract. Defendant's president testified that he had recognized, however, that plaintiff was entitled to have the subcontract price increased somewhat to fairly compensate him for the additional hauling occasioned by the change of location of the source of backfill sand and that, accordingly, the parties met on April 21st to discuss an adjustment of the $22,000 contract price. No agreement was reached with respect to the amount of such increase or adjustment. What was agreed upon at that meeting is the subject of sharp dispute in this case. Plaintiff claims that the written contract had been breached and renounced by the defendant's changing the location of the sand loading operations, and that plaintiff was thereby relieved of his contract obligation *396 of having a sufficient number of trucks on the job at all times so as not to hinder production. Plaintiff claims that, under such circumstances, the parties on April 21st entered into a new oral agreement terminating the written agreement and providing that defendant was to hire 7 of plaintiff's trucks at a specified hourly rate with no undertaking by plaintiff to furnish more than that number of trucks. Defendant, on the other hand, denies that the written contract was terminated by agreement or otherwise, and claims that, although defendant had expressed a willingness to increase the total contract price, no definite amount was agreed upon, but defendant did agree that meanwhile, and until such price agreement was reached, it would pay installments on the contract price on the basis of an hourly rate for each truck with the provision that when the total contract price was finally agreed upon installment payments thereafter would be adjusted to compensate for overpayment or underpayment in past instalments, as the case might be, as determined by the amount of the contract price ultimately agreed upon. The payment of such instalments apparently was in line with the provision of the written contract that defendant was to make payments to plaintiff on the basis of estimates received from the city as to the proportion of the total job completed from time to time. Defendant's claim is, therefore, that plaintiff's obligation under the written contract to keep a sufficient number of trucks on the job continued, that plaintiff failed to do so, thereby breaching the contract and causing defendant great damage, and that, for that reason, defendant finally terminated the contract at the end of April.
The controlling question is what was agreed upon orally on April 21st. The jury clearly accepted defendant's version. We cannot say that this was contrary to the great weight of the evidence. *397 Against that background we consider plaintiff's contentions on appeal.
Did defendant's change of the location for sand loading operations constitute a breach of contract relieving plaintiff from the obligation to supply a sufficient number of trucks at all times? Plaintiff continued operations under the written contract for a number of days after such change of location and up to the April 21st meeting without protest and without claiming breach of contract or asserting its termination. The record does not indicate that he made such claim at any time prior to suit. By continuing thus to perform and to accept payments under it, as above noted, he lost his right, if any, to terminate the contract and declare it forfeited. Robinson v. Lake Shore & M.S.R. Co., 103 Mich 607.
"It was appellant's duty, when it discovered the apparent breach of the contract, if it intended to insist upon a forfeiture, to do so at once. By permitting appellees to proceed with the performance of the contract, it waived a breach." Grayson-McLeod Lumber Co. v. Slack, 102 Ark 79, 83 (143 SW 581).
"`Where there has been a material breach which does not indicate an intention to repudiate the remainder of the contract, the injured party has a genuine election either of continuing performance or of ceasing to perform. Any act indicating an intent to continue will operate as a conclusive election, not indeed of depriving him of a right of action for the breach which has already taken place, but depriving him of any excuse for ceasing performance on his part. Anything which draws on the other party to execute the agreement after the default in respect of time or which shows that it is deemed a subsisting agreement after such default will amount to a waiver.' (Italics ours.) 12 Am Jur, Contracts, § 390, p 968." Sinclair Refining Co. v. Costin (Tex Civ App), 116 SW2d 894, 898.
*398 There having been testimony, evidently accepted as true by the jury, that the written contract continued in effect after the location change and after the April 21st meeting, obligating plaintiff to continue to furnish a sufficient number of trucks at all times, it was proper for the court to permit the jury to consider whether plaintiff had breached his agreement in that regard, to submit to the jury a special question as to whether plaintiff had at all times provided sufficient trucks on the job, and to permit defendant to introduce proofs of damages to it resulting from such claimed breach by plaintiff.
Affirmed, with costs to defendant.
CARR, KELLY, SMITH, BLACK, EDWARDS, VOELKER, and KAVANAGH, JJ., concurred.