NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 11a0325n.06
No 09-4439
FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS May 17, 2011
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT LEONARD GREEN, Clerk
LUIS MARIO IBARRA-AMAYA,
Petitioner,
ON PETITION FOR REVIEW OF
v. AN ORDER OF THE BOARD OF
IMMIGRATION APPEALS
ERIC H. HOLDER, JR.,
Attorney General,
Respondent.
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BEFORE: BATCHELDER, Chief Circuit Judge, SUHRHEINRICH and GRIFFIN, Circuit
Judges.
SUHRHEINRICH, Circuit Judge. Petitioner Luis Mario Ibarra-Amaya (“Ibarra” or
“Petitioner”) seeks review of a final order of removal issued by the Board of Immigration Appeals
(“BIA”) dismissing his appeal from the decision of the immigration judge (“IJ”) denying his
application for adjustment of status. We dismiss the petition for lack of jurisdiction.
I. Background
Ibarra is a citizen and native of Mexico. In 1994, while attempting to enter the United States,
Ibarra falsely claimed United States citizenship and presented a false Texas birth certificate. He was
removed to Mexico. He was also tried and convicted of violating 8 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(3) (making it
unlawful to attempt or obtain entry “by a willfully false or misleading representation or the willful
concealment of a material fact”) of the Immigration Nationality Act (“INA”), 8 U.S.C. §§ 1101 et
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seq. Ibarra was sentenced to five years of probation on the condition that he not return to the United
States illegally.
In 1999, Ibarra returned to the United States illegally when he entered without inspection or
admission. Ibarra then purchased a fake Social Security card and used it to obtain a job and a
driver’s license.
On May 12, 2003, Ibarra married Dora T. Ibarra, a United States citizen.
In 2004, Ibarra’s employer required him to complete a Form I-9 (Employment Eligibility
Verification). Because he cannot read or write, Ibarra’s wife explained the form’s contents to him
and completed it for him. The signed form declared, by means of a checked box, that Ibarra was a
“citizen or national of the United States.” The signed form also used the false Social Security
number and provided a false address. Ibarra signed the form and returned it to his employer.
On October 17, 2006, the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) served Ibarra with a
Notice to Appear, charging him with being a removable alien pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i)
(alien present in the United States without being admitted or paroled), and 8 U.S.C. §
1182(a)(6)(C)(ii) (alien who sought to procure a benefit through fraud or willful misrepresentation).
Ibarra admitted the factual allegations in the Notice to Appear and conceded removability.
Ibarra applied for adjustment of status pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1255 based on his marriage to
a United States citizen. Since an alien must be admissible to be eligible for adjustment of status,
Ibarra also sought a waiver of inadmissibility arising from his 1994 and 2004 false claims of
citizenship. See 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(C)(iii).
The IJ held a hearing. Ibarra testified about the circumstances surrounding the completion
of the Form I-9. The IJ found that Ibarra was “quite evasive in his answers to questions from the
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government counsel and the court.” The IJ also found that Ibarra’s “demeanor and conduct on the
witness stand during questioning about the I-9 were . . . indicative of a person who was attempting
to be deceptive.” In the end, Ibarra conceded that he knew he had represented that he was a United
States citizen.
The IJ issued a written decision denying relief. The IJ held that Ibarra was inadmissible
under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(C)(ii), because he made a false claim of citizenship by claiming that
he was a citizen on the Form I-9. The IJ then found that employment constituted a benefit under the
INA. The IJ held that inadmissibility under § 1182(a)(6)(C)(ii) was not waivable, so Ibarra was not
eligible to adjust status.
The IJ then held that even if Ibarra were statutorily eligible, he would deny adjustment of
status as a matter of discretion. The IJ cited Ibarra’s attempt to deceive the IJ at the immigration
hearing; his two illegal entries; his purchase and use of a fake Social Security card; his use of a fake
Social Security number and false address on the Form I-9; and his twice having falsely represented
himself as a United States citizen. The IJ concluded that Ibarra’s “repeated and intentional dishonest
behavior persuade the court that even if he was otherwise eligible, [Ibarra] would not merit the
favorable exercise of the court’s discretion with regard to this application.” Finally, the IJ stated that
he would deny the waiver with respect to the 1994 claim of citizenship as a matter of discretion.
Ibarra appealed the decision to the BIA. Ibarra claimed that: the IJ was not impartial; the
IJ improperly placed the burden of proof on him to prove he was not inadmissible; the IJ erred in
finding he filed a false claim because his wife had filled out the form; the translator improperly
translated the proceedings; the IJ abused his discretion in denying the waiver.
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The BIA dismissed the appeal on October 30, 2009. The BIA rejected the bias claim, noting
that there was no evidence to support the assertion. The BIA also noted that Ibarra testified that
when he submitted the I-9 to his employer, he knew the box for United States citizens or nationals
was checked. The BIA also held that private employment constitutes a benefit under the BIA. Thus,
the BIA agreed that Ibarra was statutorily ineligible for adjustment of status because he made a false
claim of citizenship. The BIA rejected Ibarra’s translator challenge, noting that Ibarra failed to
identify any examples of testimony that was mistranslated. Finally, the BIA agreed that Ibarra did
not merit an adjustment of status as a matter of discretion.
Ibarra filed this timely petition for review, along with a motion to stay removal pending
judicial review. The Attorney General filed a motion to dismiss the petition for lack of jurisdiction.
A panel of this court referred the petition to the merits panel and denied the motion to stay removal.
II. Analysis
On appeal, Ibarra contends that the BIA erred (1) in finding that the IJ was impartial; (2) in
finding that no due process violation based on allegedly false translation; and (3) in determining that
Ibarra was statutorily ineligible for adjustment of status. First, however, we address the Attorney
General’s challenge to our jurisdiction.
The Attorney General argues that we should dismiss the petition for lack of jurisdiction. The
Attorney General asserts that we lack jurisdiction because Ibarra challenges the denial of his
application for adjustment of status, which the BIA denied as a matter of discretion.1
1
In addition to addressing it in his brief, the Attorney General filed a motion to dismiss on
this ground.
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The determination on an adjustment of status application involves two steps: “first, proof of
an alien’s statutory eligibility for the adjustment, and second, an exercise of discretion by the
attorney general as to whether to grant such relief.” Singh v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 135, 138 (2d Cir.
2006). We have jurisdiction to review the first step–namely “whether the BIA correctly determined
that the alien was eligible for . . . adjustment of status.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citations
omitted). As to the second step, Pilica v. Ashcroft answers this question:
As part of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act
of 1996 (“IIRIRA”), the following provision was enacted: “Notwithstanding any
other provision of law, no court shall have jurisdiction to review-(i) any judgment
regarding the granting of relief under section ... 1255 of this title ....” 8 U.S.C. §
1252(a)(2)(B), INA § 242(a)(2)(B). Section 1255, in turn, is entitled, “Adjustment
of status of nonimmigrant to that of person admitted for permanent residence,” and
states that adjustment of status may be granted in the discretion of the Attorney
General. 8 U.S.C. § 1255, INA § 245. Based upon the language of § 1252(a)(2)(B),
it is clear that this Court lacks jurisdiction over the Attorney General’s discretionary
determination of whether an alien should be granted adjustment of status.
Pilica v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 941, 945 (6th Cir. 2004; see also Singh v. Gonzales, 451 F.3d 400, 410-
11 (6th Cir. 2006) (holding that court of appeals lacked jurisdiction to review denial of the
petitioner’s request for waiver of removal because it is a purely discretionary decision of the
Attorney General).
Had Ibarra raised a constitutional claim or a question of law, we would have jurisdiction.
See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D) (restoring jurisdiction under § 1252(a)(1) for constitutional claims or
questions of law). Although Ibarra alleges several due process violations, because he is an alien
seeking a discretionary form of relief from removal, he cannot establish a due process violation. See
Huicochea-Gomez v. INS, 237 F.3d 696, 700 (6th Cir. 2001) (“The failure to be granted discretionary
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relief does not amount to a deprivation of a liberty interest.”); see also Patel v. Gonzales, 470 F.3d
216, 220 (6th Cir. 2006) (same; citing Huicochea-Gomez).
Ibarra’s assertion that the IJ “completely misconstrued the facts and ignored the evidence”
is not a question of law, but in reality a challenge to the determination that Ibarra did not merit
adjustment as a matter of discretion. In truth, Ibarra contests the factual finding that he represented
himself to be a United States citizen on the 2004 Form I-9. This is a factual matter, and we therefore
lack jurisdiction over it. Jean v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 475, 480 (4th Cir. 2006) (“To the extent that
a petition asks us to review a discretionary or factual determination, however, we still lack
jurisdiction.”); Addo v. Mukasey, 267 F. App’x 442, 447 (6th Cir. 2008) (relying on Jean).
III. Conclusion
Ibarra’s petition is DISMISSED for lack of jurisdiction. We therefore do not address his
arguments. Ibarra’s emergency motion for a stay of removal is therefore DENIED as moot.
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