UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 10-4381
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v.
ERIC SMITH, a/k/a Capone, a/k/a Pone,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Newport News. Jerome B. Friedman,
Senior District Judge. (4:08-cr-00147-JBF-FBS-14)
Submitted: April 29, 2011 Decided: May 18, 2011
Before MOTZ, KING, and AGEE, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Harry D. Harmon, Jr., Norfolk, Virginia, for Appellant. Neil H.
MacBride, United States Attorney, Howard J. Zlotnick, Assistant
United States Attorney, Matthew Vaughan, Third Year Law Student,
Newport News, Virginia, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:
Eric Smith was convicted by a jury of conspiracy to
possess with intent to distribute marijuana and five kilograms
or more of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a),
(b)(1)(A), 846 (2006), and three counts of using a communication
facility to facilitate a felony drug offense, in violation of 21
U.S.C. § 843(b) (2006). The district court imposed a life
sentence on the drug conspiracy, with three concurrent forty-
eight-month sentences for the three convictions for using a
communication facility to facilitate a felony drug offense. On
appeal, Smith challenges the sufficiency of the evidence.
Specifically, he contends that the witnesses against him were
all convicted drug dealers who testified in exchange for a
reduction in their sentences, and their biased and incredible
testimony was insufficient, as a matter of law, to support his
convictions. We affirm.
We review de novo a district court’s denial of a Fed.
R. Crim. P. 29 motion for a judgment of acquittal. United
States v. Green, 599 F.3d 360, 367 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 131
S. Ct. 271 (2010). A defendant challenging the sufficiency of
the evidence “bears a heavy burden.” United States v. Beidler,
110 F.3d 1064, 1067 (4th Cir. 1997). A jury verdict must be
sustained “if, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable
to the prosecution, the verdict is supported by ‘substantial
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evidence.’” United States v. Smith, 451 F.3d 209, 216 (4th Cir.
2006). Substantial evidence is “evidence that a reasonable
finder of fact could accept as adequate and sufficient to
support a conclusion of a defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable
doubt.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). “[T]he jury,
not the reviewing court, weighs the credibility of the evidence
and resolves any conflicts in the evidence presented.” Beidler,
110 F.3d at 1067 (internal quotation marks omitted). “Reversal
for insufficient evidence is reserved for the rare case where
the prosecution’s failure is clear.” Id. (internal quotation
marks omitted).
To establish Smith’s guilt under 21 U.S.C. § 846, the
evidence must show that: (1) an agreement to possess and
distribute cocaine and marijuana existed between two or more
people; (2) Smith knew of the conspiracy; and (3) Smith
knowingly and voluntarily became a part of the conspiracy.
United States v. Kellam, 568 F.3d 125, 139 (4th Cir.), cert.
denied, 130 S. Ct. 657 (2009). Since a conspiracy by its nature
is clandestine and covert, a conspiracy charge is usually proven
by circumstantial evidence. United States v. Yearwood, 518 F.3d
220, 225 (4th Cir. 2008). Evidence tending to prove a
conspiracy may include a defendant’s relationship with other
members of the conspiracy, and the existence of a conspiracy may
be inferred from a development and collocation of circumstances.
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United States v. Burgos, 94 F.3d 849, 858 (4th Cir. 1996) (en
banc). “Circumstantial evidence sufficient to support a
conspiracy conviction need not exclude every reasonable
hypothesis of innocence, provided the summation of the evidence
permits a conclusion of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id.
To establish Smith’s guilt under 21 U.S.C. § 843(b),
the evidence must show that Smith: (1) used a communication
facility (here, a cellular telephone); (2) used the
communication facility to facilitate the commission of a drug
offense; and (3) did so knowingly and intentionally. 21 U.S.C.
§ 843(b); United States v. Johnstone, 856 F.2d 539, 542-43 (3d
Cir. 1988).
After reviewing the record, we conclude that the
evidence was sufficient for the jury to conclude beyond a
reasonable doubt that Smith was guilty of conspiracy to possess
with intent to distribute marijuana and five kilograms or more
of cocaine, and of using a communication facility to facilitate
a felony drug offense on three occasions. Smith’s challenge to
the credibility of the Government’s witnesses is unavailing, as
we do not review a jury’s credibility determinations on appeal.
United States v. Wilson, 484 F.3d 267, 283 (4th Cir. 2007).
Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s judgment.
We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal
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contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the
court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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