Case: 10-30795 Document: 00511539348 Page: 1 Date Filed: 07/13/2011
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
FILED
July 13, 2011
No. 10-30795 Lyle W. Cayce
Clerk
APACHE CORPORATION,
Plaintiff - Appellee
v.
GLOBAL SANTA FE DRILLING COMPANY; GLOBAL SANTA FE
HUNGARY SERVICES, LLC; GLOBAL SANTA FE SOUTH AMERICA,
L.L.C.; GLOBAL SANTA FE CORPORATION
Defendants - Appellants
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Louisiana
USDC No. 6:06-CV-1643
Before WIENER, BENAVIDES, and STEWART, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
A mobile offshore drilling unit, owned and operated by
Defendants-Appellants, GlobalSantaFe Corporation, GlobalSantaFe Drilling,
GlobalSantaFe South America, LLC GlobalSantaFe Hungary Services, LLC
(collectively GSF), allided with an offshore oil and gas production platform,
owned in part by Plaintiff-Appellee, Apache Corporation (Apache). Apache filed
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
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No. 10-30795
suit against GSF, invoking both admiralty and federal question jurisdiction and
requesting a jury trial. GSF also requested a jury trial. However, GSF later
filed a motion to strike all parties’ jury demands, arguing that the claims
sounded in admiralty jurisdiction. The district court denied the motion. We
AFFIRM.
I.
During Hurricane Rita, an allision1 occurred on the Outer Continental
Shelf off the coast of Louisiana between a mobile offshore drilling unit,
ADRIATIC VII, owned by GSF, and the South Marsh Island 128 platform
complex, an offshore oil and gas production platform (hereinafter Platform 128),
owned in part by Apache. Apache filed suit against GSF, alleging several claims
of negligence, to recover the salvage, repair, reconfiguration, and other costs
allegedly associated with damage to Platform 128. In its original complaint,
Apache asserted jurisdiction under two bases: (1) admiralty, pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 1333 and the Admiralty Extension Act (AEA), 46 U.S.C. § 30101, and
(2) federal question jurisdiction, under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act
(OCSLA), 43 U.S.C. §§ 1331–1356a. Apache also requested a jury trial.
Initially, GSF requested a jury trial, but later filed a motion to strike all parties’
jury demands. In conjunction with the motion to strike, the parties filed a joint-
stipulation that “Apache did not make a [Federal Rule of Civil Procedure] 9(h)2
1
An allision is “[t]he contact of a vessel with a stationary object such as an anchored
vessel or a pier.” BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 88 (9th ed. 2009). Black’s also explains that
“‘collision’ is often used where ‘allision’ was once the preferred term.” Id. In other words, in
modern practice, courts generally use the term “collision” as opposed to “allision” when
describing contact between vessels that gives rise to a suit.
2
Rule 9(h) explains:
(1) How Designated. If a claim for relief is within the admiralty
or maritime jurisdiction and also within the court's
subject-matter jurisdiction on some other ground, the pleading
may designate the claim as an admiralty or maritime claim for
2
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No. 10-30795
declaration,” which allows a party to specifically designate her case as one
governed by admiralty jurisdiction. The district court denied GSF’s motion.
GSF appeals.
II.
A.
This is an appeal of the district court’s judgment denying GSF’s motion to
strike its and Apache’s jury demands. Whether a party has the right to a jury
trial is a pure question of law. Arnold v. U.S. Dep’t of the Interior, 213 F.3d 193,
195 (5th Cir. 2000). We review questions of law de novo. Reingold v. Swiftships
Inc., 210 F.3d 320, 321 (5th Cir. 2000).
B.
We agree with the parties that Apache’s claims are governed by both
admiralty and federal question jurisdiction, pursuant to OCSLA. Therefore,
because Apache asserted multiple bases for jurisdiction, our primary inquiry is
whether Apache made a Rule 9(h) declaration, electing to proceed pursuant to
admiralty procedure. For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that Apache did
not make a Rule 9(h) declaration.
In 1966, the federal rules of civil and admiralty procedure were unified.
FED. R. CIV. P. 9 advisory committee’s notes 1966 amendment. Rule 9(h) was
created so that procedures unique to admiralty would not be abrogated by the
purposes of Rules 14(c), 38(e), and 82 and the Supplemental
Rules for Admiralty or Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture
Actions. A claim cognizable only in the admiralty or maritime
jurisdiction is an admiralty or maritime claim for those purposes,
whether or not so designated.
(2) Designation for Appeal. A case that includes an admiralty or
maritime claim within this subdivision (h) is an admiralty case
within 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(3).
3
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merger. Id. Rule 9(h) allows a party, when applicable, to designate her
maritime claims as claims governed by admiralty jurisdiction and, thus,
governed by traditional admiralty, and not civil, procedures. One of the
consequences of making a Rule 9(h) declaration is that there is no right to a jury
trial. Id. If a party does not make a Rule 9(h) declaration, there is a right to a
jury trial. Id.
There are times, however, when a party’s claim is governed by multiple
bases for jurisdiction and it is not clear whether the party made a Rule 9(h)
declaration. In these circumstance, we examine the totality of the
circumstances, as demonstrated by the party’s pleadings and actions, to
determine whether a Rule 9(h) declaration has been made. See, e.g., Bodden v.
Osgood, 879 F.2d 184, 186 (5th Cir. 1989) (“[T]he totality of the circumstances
in this case leads us to conclude that Bodden’s complaint did not properly invoke
the district court’s admiralty jurisdiction.”); see also Wingerter v. Chester Quarry
Co., 185 F.3d 657, 666 (7th Cir. 1998) (citing Bodden and Foulk v. Donjon
Marine Co., Inc., 144 F.3d 252, 255 (3d Cir. 1998) and explaining that “[w]hether
or not a complaint sufficiently invokes admiralty jurisdiction is evaluated under
the totality of the circumstances . . . which includes the ‘parties’ manifestation
of intent’ as demonstrated by their pleadings and actions”) (internal quotation
marks omitted).
Overtime, a few bright-line rules have developed. If a party asserts a
claim that is only cognizable “at admiralty,” the court will assume that the claim
is brought pursuant to admiralty jurisdiction no matter what the party avers in
her complaint. T.N.T., 702 F.2d at 588. Also, if a party asserts both admiralty
and diversity jurisdiction, the court will treat the claim as though a Rule 9(h)
declaration has been made. Gilmore v. Waterman Steamship Corp., 790 F.2d
1244, 1246 (5th Cir. 1986). In Luera v. M/V Alberta, 635 F.3d 181 (5th Cir.
2011), we held that this rule also applies in circumstances where a party asserts
4
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admiralty and any other ground for jurisdiction. We explained: “[I]n this circuit
a plaintiff who asserts admiralty jurisdiction as a basis for the court’s subject
matter jurisdiction over a claim has automatically elected under Rule 9(h) to
proceed under the admiralty rules, even if she states that her claim is also
cognizable under diversity or some other basis of federal subject matter
jurisdiction.” Id. at 189.
As previously noted, Apache’s claims are governed by multiple bases for
jurisdiction. At first blush, it would seem that the rule articulated in Luera
governs this case. However, the rule established in Luera only applies when it
is unclear whether a Rule 9(h) designation was made. Here, the parties filed a
joint-stipulation explicitly stating that “Apache did not make a Rule 9(h)
declaration.” Therefore, GSF’s argument that Apache made a Rule 9(h)
designation is unavailing.
Specifically, when GSF filed its motion to strike the parties’ jury demands,
the company asserted that federal question jurisdiction did not govern Apache’s
claims. Thus, GSF contended that, only admiralty jurisdiction governed
Apache’s claims; accordingly, Apache was not entitled to a jury trial. In
conjunction with the motion to strike, as previously noted, the parties filed a
joint stipulation, stating that “Apache did not make a Rule 9(h) declaration.”
Conversely, on appeal, GSF asserts that both admiralty and federal question
jurisdiction govern Apache’s claims. GSF effectively contends that, because
Apache asserted multiple bases for jurisdiction, Apache made a Rule 9(h)
designation pursuant to the Luera rule. However, GSF’s shift in position
regarding jurisdiction does not obviate the fact that the parties stipulated that
Apache did not make a Rule 9(h) designation.3 The Supreme Court recently
explained that “factual stipulations are formal concessions that have the effect
3
We note that, but for the joint stipulation entered by the parties herein, Luera would
dictate a contrary result.
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of withdrawing a fact from issue and dispensing wholly with the need for proof
of the fact.” Christian Legal Soc’y Chapter of the Univ. of Cal. v. Martinez, 130
S. Ct. 2971, 2983 (2010) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Thus,
consistent with the parties’ stipulation, we conclude that Apache did not make
a Rule 9(h) designation.
Accordingly, Apache’s case is governed by civil procedure, pursuant to
which Apache has the right to a jury trial.
III.
For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the district court’s judgment,
denying GSF’s motion to strike the parties’ jury demands.
6