CURTIS & WINDHAM ARCHITECTS, INC., Russell Windham, and William Curtis, Appellants,
v.
John Eddie WILLIAMS and Sheridan Williams, Appellees.
No. 01-09-00760-CV.
Court of Appeals of Texas, Houston (1st Dist.).
February 25, 2010.*104 Thomas M. Farrell, Nickens Keeton Lawless Farrell & Flack LLP, Houston, TX, for appellant.
Edwin Armistead Easterby, Williams Kherkher Hart Boundas, L.L.P., Houston, TX, Richard N. Countiss, Countiss Law Firm, Coldspring, TX, for appellee.
Panel consists of Justices JENNINGS, HIGLEY, and SHARP.
OPINION
TERRY JENNINGS, Justice.
In this interlocutory appeal,[1] appellants, Curtis & Windham Architects, Inc., Russell Windham, and William Curtis (collectively "C & W") challenge the trial court's order denying its motion to dismiss the counterclaims and third-party petition for damages of appellees, John Eddie Williams and Sheridan Williams. In its sole issue, C & W contends that the trial court erred in not dismissing the Williamses' counterclaims and third-party claims, which arose out of C & W's provision of architectural services to the Williamses.[2]
We affirm the order of the trial court.
Background
In its original petition, C & W alleges that the Williamses retained C & W to provide "architectural services in connection with the design, construction and landscaping of a proposed residence." C & W explained to the Williamses that, on a monthly basis, it would "bill[ ] for its time on a hourly basis according to a schedule of hourly rates that was provided to the Williams[es]." The Williamses "agreed to proceed on this basis and to pay C & W's monthly invoices for hourly fees and expenses." C & W explained to the Williamses that "its fees typically run in the range of 12 to 15% of the project's construction costs." The Williamses paid all invoices between February 2008 and March 2009 but refused to pay the April 2009 invoice in the amount of $47,103.49. C & W also alleges that the fees and expenses were "not insubstantial, but the amount was driven, in large part, by the expansive scope of the project specified by [the] Williams[es] and by the countless changes they requested." Payment was due on May 22, 2009, but the Williamses did not pay and instructed C & W to stop work on the residence, which it did. C & W further alleges that the "April 2009 invoice in the amount of $47,103.49 is just, due and owing" and the Williamses' failure to pay constituted a breach of contract.
In their original answer, the Williamses specifically deny that the amount owed on the April 2009 invoice is "just, due, and owing." They assert the affirmative defenses of "breach of fiduciary duty," "fraudulent acts, specifically, but without limitation, C & W's fraudulent billing practices," "waiver, ratification, ... acquiescence," lack of a written contract, and, *105 alternatively, C & W's prior breach of the contract, statute of frauds, laches, unclean hands, and equitable estoppel.
The Williamses assert counterclaims against C & W for (1) breach of fiduciary duty because C & W's invoices "reflect hours billed that cannot be reconciled with C & W's actual work product," "C & W's project design was and is materially inconsistent with the design parameters established by the Williams[es]," and C & W failed to provide an accounting upon request to support its invoices; (2) fraud because C & W "pervasive[ly] and systemic[ally] overbill[ed] the Williams[es]," C & W "either knew [its] invoices were overstated, or was reckless about the accuracy of the information contained in the invoices," and C & W had a "duty to disclose to the Williams[es] that C & W was seeking to bill 15-18% of construction costs"; (3) deceptive trade practices based on C & W's engaging in "false and misleading acts related to its billing practices and through its failure to disclose ... that C & W was seeking to bill the project as if the Williams[es] had agreed to a percentage contract"; (4) unjust enrichment because C & W has been paid "nearly $1 million and [the Williamses] have received little or no tangible benefit"; (5) damages incurred as a result of C & W's frivolous lawsuit against the Williamses because it failed "to disclose in its pleadings that it has already offered to credit the purported balance owed by more than the amount claimed"; and (6) a declaration that C & W's "architectural designs ... are not protected as original works ... and/or the Williams[es] should have the full right to use the designs." The Williamses also filed a third-party petition alleging the same claims against Russell Windham and William Curtis individually.
In their counterclaims and third-party petition, the Williamses specifically allege that C & W held "itself out as a premier architectural firm ... [with an] ability to develop `design solutions that are appropriate for their context and that serve the programmatic requirements and budgets of [their] clients.'" Based on C & W's "design excellence," the Williamses hired C & W as their architects. The Williamses believed that C & W was "operating in a fiduciary capacity," would perform work as instructed by the Williamses using the design criteria and other information supplied by the them, and they would be charged only for work "actually performed." However, C & W "fundamentally ignored much of the design criteria and information supplied by the Williams[es] and billed almost $1 million for an overall design that is not consistent with the [Williamses'] instructions." They also allege that Mr. Williams had engaged an attorney to draft a contract to govern the engagement but the contract was never executed. The Williamses further allege that as of March 2009, they had paid C & W "$926,232.51 ... that only represented 40% of the total architectural costs." The Williamses then learned that "C & W had apparently been striving to bill 15-18% of the anticipated construction costs in lieu of simply billing hours on authorized and necessary work" and C & W's design "was inconsistent with the design parameters provided by the Williams[es]." After the Williamses conveyed their disappointment to C & W, it offered to refund the "landscape architect fees of $113,883.75." On May 22, 2009, the Williamses served a "written demand letter on C & W, demanding a full refund."
C & W moved to dismiss the Williamses' counterclaims and third-party petition on the ground that the Williamses had filed claims accusing it of "wrongful conduct in the provision of professional services, but their [counterclaims and third-party petition were] not accompanied" by a certificate *106 of merit, i.e., an affidavit of a third-party licensed architect describing the factual bases for their claims.[3] The trial court denied C & W's motion.
Standard of Review
We review a trial court's decision to deny a motion to dismiss for failure to file a certificate of merit under an abuse of discretion standard. Consol. Reinforcement, L.P. v. Carothers Executive Homes, Ltd., 271 S.W.3d 887, 891 (Tex.App.-Austin 2008, no pet.); Criterium-Farrell Eng'rs v. Owens, 248 S.W.3d 395, 397 (Tex.App.-Beaumont 2008, no pet.); Palladian Bldg. Co. v. Nortex Found. Designs, Inc., 165 S.W.3d 430, 433 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2005, no pet.). A trial court abuses its discretion "if it acts in an arbitrary or unreasonable manner without reference to guiding rules and principles." See Garcia v. Martinez, 988 S.W.2d 219, 222 (Tex. 1999). When reviewing matters committed to the trial court's discretion, we may not substitute our own judgment for that of the trial court. Bowie Mem'l Hosp. v. Wright, 79 S.W.3d 48, 52 (Tex.2002). A trial court does not abuse its discretion merely because it decides a discretionary matter differently than an appellate court would in a similar circumstance. Gray v. CHCA Bayshore L.P., 189 S.W.3d 855, 858 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, no pet.). However, a trial court has "no discretion in determining what the law is or in applying the law to the facts." Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 840 (Tex.1992); Baylor Univ. Med. Ctr. v. Biggs, 237 S.W.3d 909, 916 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2007, pet. denied).
We review matters of statutory construction de novo. City of San Antonio v. City of Boerne, 111 S.W.3d 22, 25 (Tex.2003). In construing statutes, our primary goal is to determine and give effect to the legislature's intent. Id. We begin with the plain language of the statute at issue and apply its common meaning. Id. Where the statutory text is unambiguous, we adopt a construction supported by the statute's plain language, unless that construction would lead to an absurd result. Fleming Foods of Tex., Inc. v. Rylander, 6 S.W.3d 278, 284 (Tex.1999). "Once we determine the statute's proper construction, we must then decide whether the trial court abused its discretion in applying the statute." Owens, 248 S.W.3d at 397.
Certificate of Merit
In its sole issue, C & W argues that the trial court erred in not dismissing the Williamses' counterclaims and third-party petition because the Williamses' claims "arose out of the provision of professional services by a licensed architect," and the Williamses "did not file a certificate of merit setting forth `at least one negligent act, error, or omission claimed to exist and the factual basis for each such claim.'" See Act of May 18, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 208, 2005 Tex. Gen. Laws 369, 370 (amended 2009) (current version at TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. § 150.002 (Vernon Supp. 2009)).
The 2005 version of section 150.002, which is applicable to this case and entitled "Certificate of Merit," provided,
(a) In any action or arbitration proceeding for damages arising out of the provision of professional services by a licensed or registered professional, the plaintiff shall be required to file *107 with the complaint an affidavit of a third-party licensed architect ... competent to testify, holding the same professional license as, and practicing in the same area of practice as the defendant, which affidavit shall set forth specifically at least one negligent act, error, or omission claimed to exist and the factual basis for each such claim. The third-party... licensed architect shall be licensed in this state and actively engaged in the practice of architecture....
....
(d) The plaintiff's failure to file the affidavit... shall result in dismissal of the complaint against the defendant. This dismissal may be with prejudice.
Id. (emphasis added). Here, C & W and the Williamses disagree as to whether the Williamses' claims "arise out of the provision of professional services by a licensed architect" such that those claims are subject to the affidavit requirement in section 150.002(a).
C & W argues that because the Williamses' "counterclaims and third-party claims arise out of the provision of architectural professional services," the Williamses "were required to file with [their] petition an affidavit ... from a third-party licensed architect setting forth at least one negligent act, error or omission claimed to exist and the factual basis for each such claim." C & W emphasizes that "the statute was amended in 2005 to broaden its application from claims for `damages alleging professional negligence' to claims for damages `arising out of the provision of professional services.'" C & W asserts that the 2005 version of section 150.002 requires that for the Williamses "to assert any cause of action arising out of the provision of professional services by a licensed or registered professional whether the allegations are based on negligence or intentional actsthe Williamses must come forward with at least proof of [or at a minimum] the lesser offense of negligencethat is, [C & W's] professional services fell below the applicable standard of care." The Williamses counter that because their claims arise out of "C & W's alleged overbilling," they were not required to file a certificate of merit with their counterclaims and third-party petition.
In 2005, the legislature amended section 150.002 to apply to actions "arising out of the provision of professional services." Id. However, the Austin, San Antonio, and Corpus Christi Courts of Appeals have concluded that no certificate of merit is required under the 2005 version of section 150.002 when the plaintiff does not allege "a negligent act, error or omission." Landreth v. Las Brisas Council of Co-Owners, 285 S.W.3d 492, 500 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2009, no pet.); Consol. Reinforcement, L.P., 271 S.W.3d at 892; Kniestedt v. Southwest Sound and Elecs., Inc., 281 S.W.3d 452, 455 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2007, no pet.). The plain wording of the 2005 version of section 150.002 necessarily leads to this conclusion because otherwise the legislature would not have specified that the affidavit "shall set forth specifically at least one negligent act, error, or omission claimed to exist." Act of May 18, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 208, 2005 Tex. Gen. Laws 370 (amended 2005). Because a straight-forward reading of the 2005 version of section 150.002 reveals that the filing of a certificate of merit is not required for causes of action that do not allege a negligent act, error, or omission, we, along with our sister courts of appeal, decline to expand the scope of the 2005 version of section 150.002 to causes of action "generally arising from" services provided *108 by licensed engineers and architects. Consol. Reinforcement, L.P., 271 S.W.3d at 892. Accordingly, we hold that the 2005 version of section 150.002 does not apply in a suit other than one for negligent acts, errors, or omissions arising out of the provision of professional services. See id.; Landreth, 285 S.W.3d at 500; Kniestedt, 281 S.W.3d at 455.
We note that the practice of architecture is defined as "a service or creative work applying the art and science of developing design concepts, planning for functional relationships and intended uses, and establishing the form, appearance, aesthetics, and construction details for the construction... of a building or environs intended for human use or occupancy, the proper application of which requires education, training, and experience in those matters." TEX. OCC.CODE ANN. § 1051.001(7) (Vernon Supp. 2009). Thus, if a plaintiff's claim for damages does not implicate the special knowledge and training of an architect, it cannot be a claim for damages arising out of the provision of professional services. See Consol. Reinforcement, L.P., 271 S.W.3d at 894.[4]
In Consol. Reinforcement, L.P., Carothers Executive Homes filed claims against Consolidated, an engineering firm, for breach of contract, deceptive trade practices, and breach of warranty regarding Consolidated's "design and construct[ion of the buildings'] foundations." 271 S.W.3d at 890. The Austin Court of Appeals reasoned that:
[Plaintiff's non-negligent causes of action] do not implicate a professional engineer's education, training, and experience in applying special knowledge or judgment. An affidavit of a licensed or registered professional setting forth the negligent act, error, or omission and factual basis for each appears irrelevant to claims that do not arise from the provision of professional services. We believe the non-negligence causes of action did not require a certificate of merit.
Id. at 894 (quoting Gomez v. STFG, Inc., No. 04-07-00223-CV, 2007 WL 2846419, at *2-3 (Tex.App.-San Antonio Oct.3, 2007, no pet.)).
Likewise, the Williamses' causes of action do not implicate a professional architect's "education, training, and experience" in applying "special knowledge or judgment." The gist of the Williamses' claims, which are made in response to C & W's breach of contract claim for the Williamses' non-payment of fees, is that C & W engaged in "pervasive and systemic overbilling." The Williamses' claims for damages for breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, deceptive trade practices, unjust enrichment, and the filing of a frivolous lawsuit against them and their request for a declaratory judgment do not implicate a negligent act, error, or omission by C & W. It simply makes no sense to require an affidavit of a licensed or registered professional setting forth "at least one negligent act, error, or omission claimed to exist and the factual basis for each such claim" when, in fact, a plaintiff's causes of action do not concern negligence. Accordingly, we hold that the Williamses were not required to file a certificate of merit with their claims and the trial court did not err in denying C & W's motion to dismiss.
We overrule C & W's sole issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the order of the trial court.
NOTES
[1] See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. § 150.002(e) (Vernon Supp. 2009).
[2] See id. § 150.002(d) (Vernon Supp. 2009).
[3] See Act of May 18, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 208, 2005 Tex. Gen. Laws 369, 370 (amended 2009) (current version at TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. § 150.002 (Vernon Supp. 2009)).
[4] See also Parker County Veterinary Clinic, Inc. v. GSBS Batenhorst, Inc., No. 2-08-380-CV, 2009 WL 3938051, at *6 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth Nov. 19, 2009, pet. filed).