Christopher ODOM, Plaintiff,
v.
Jon OZMINT, Director; Mary Brown, Clerk; Kerrie Specht, Parole Officer; Ralph Hunter, D.H.O.; Mr. Steven, Case Worker; Mrs. Laverette; Mr. Hallman; and S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder, Defendants.
C.A. No. 3:07-00343-PMD-JRM.
United States District Court, D. South Carolina.
July 6, 2007.*765 Christopher Odom, Charleston, SC, Pro se.
Daniel R. Settana, Jr., J. Eric Kaufmann, McKay Cauthen Settana Martin and Addison, Columbia, SC, for Defendants.
ORDER
PATRICK MICHAEL DUFFY, District Judge.
This matter is before the court upon United States Magistrate Judge Joseph McCrorey's recommendation that Plaintiff Christopher Odom's ("Plaintiff" or "Odom") suit brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 be dismissed as to Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder without service of process and without prejudice pursuant to Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Report and Recommendation ("R & R") of the Magistrate Judge contained within the Record was made in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B). If dissatisfied, a party may submit a written objection to an R & R within ten days after being served with a copy of that report. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Odom filed a timely objection to the R & R.
*766 I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff, proceeding pro se, brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 28 U.S.C. § 1915, in forma pauperis. Plaintiff is no longer a prisoner and is seeking damages for an alleged violation of his Fourth Amendment liberty interest. Odom complains about the execution of his sentence, claiming he was kept in jail longer than the nine years to which he was sentenced.
By order dated February 27, 2007, Plaintiff was given a specific time frame in which to bring this case into proper form. Plaintiff partially complied with the Magistrate Judge's order. Then by an order dated April 5, 2007, Plaintiff was given an additional twenty days to provide information for service of process on Defendants Brown, Specht, Hunter, Steven, Laverette, Hallman, and S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder. Furthermore, that Order stated, "If Plaintiff does not bring this case into proper form within the time permitted under this Order, this case will be recommended for dismissal for failure to prosecute." (See April 5, 2007 Order at 1.) In an R & R dated May 17, 2007, the Magistrate Judge stated that Plaintiff has now offered information necessary to identify all defendants except S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder. Therefore, since this case is still not in proper form with respect to S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder, the Magistrate Judge recommends that the complaint be dismissed against Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Magistrate Judge only makes a recommendation to the Court. This recommendation has no presumptive weight, and the responsibility for making a final determination remains with the court. Mathews v. Weber, 423 U.S. 261, 270-71, 96 S. Ct. 549, 46 L. Ed. 2d 483 (1976). Parties are allowed to make a written objection to a Magistrate Judge's report within ten days after being served a copy of the report. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). From the objections, the court reviews de novo those portions of the R & R that have been specifically objected to, and the court is allowed to accept, reject, or modify the R & R in whole or in part. 28 U.S.C. 636(b)(1). Additionally, the court may recommit the matter to the Magistrate Judge with instructions. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). After reviewing the entire record, the R & R and Plaintiffs objection, the court finds that the Magistrate Judge summarized the facts and applied the correct principles of law. Therefore, the court is adopting the R & R in full and specifically incorporating it into this Order.
III. DISCUSSION
Title 42, United States Code, Section 1983 states, in part,
Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress, except that in any action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission taken in such officer's judicial capacity, injunctive relief shall not be granted unless a declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was unavailable.
42 U.S.C. § 1983. Therefore, under this action, a claim may be raised by an individual against "a willful participant in joint action with the State or its agents" including *767 but not limited to "[p]rivate persons, jointly engaged with state officials in the challenged action," but § 1983 does not "require that the defendant be an officer of the State." Dennis v. Sparks, 449 U.S. 24, 27-28, 101 S. Ct. 183, 66 L. Ed. 2d 185 (1980) (citing Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 152, 90 S. Ct. 1598, 26 L. Ed. 2d 142 (1970); United States v. Price, 383 U.S. 787, 794, 86 S. Ct. 1152, 16 L. Ed. 2d 267 (1966)). Thus, this statute was created to prevent state actors from "`using the badge of their authority to deprive individuals of their federally guaranteed rights' and to provide related relief." Richardson v. McKnight, 521 U.S. 399, 403, 117 S. Ct. 2100, 138 L. Ed. 2d 540 (1997) (quoting Wyatt v. Cole, 504 U.S. 158, 161, 112 S. Ct. 1827, 118 L. Ed. 2d 504 (1992)),
The Magistrate Judge, in his R & R, recommended Plaintiff's complaint against Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder be dismissed as Plaintiff still failed to properly identify Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder. (R & R at 3.) Indeed, as the Magistrate Judge stated, Plaintiff failed to identify Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder by not including a summons that identified that specific defendant. (R & R at 2.) However, Plaintiff objects that he did state a defendant when he claimed violations by S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder. In his objection, Plaintiff stated that the court was "not specific about the plaintiff spelling out the abbreviation S.C.D.C." (Objection at 1.) However, nothing in the record indicates the court sought an explanation for the abbreviation "S.C.D.C." Instead, the court asked Plaintiff to provide "summonses and Forms USM 285 that included a name and address to properly identify each Defendant." (R & R at 2.) By May 17, 2007, the date on which the R & R was filed, Plaintiff had returned Forms USM 285 for Defendants Ozmint, Brown, Laverette, Steven, Hallman, Hunter, and Specht, so it can be inferred that Plaintiff did understand that the summonses and forms were necessary in order for Defendants to be served by United States Marshals Service. (R & R at 2.)
Since pro se litigants' complaints are not held to the same stringent pleading requirements that are required of those complaints drafted by licensed attorneys, the complaints of such litigants must be read more liberally "however inartfully pleaded." Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106, 97 S. Ct. 285, 50 L. Ed. 2d 251 (1976) (quoting Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520, 92 S. Ct. 594, 30 L. Ed. 2d 652 (1972)). In an effort to define how liberally the court is to read a pro se litigant's complaint, the Tenth Circuit states that if the court can "reasonably read" the plaintiff's pleadings to state a cause of action, the court should read it as such despite the plaintiff's failure "to cite proper legal authority, his confusion of various legal theories, his poor syntax and sentence construction, or his unfamiliarity with pleading requirements." Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991). However, the pro se complaint may still be subject to dismissal after "the district court [has] afford[ed] him a reasonable opportunity to determine the correct person or persons against whom the claim is asserted, advise[d] him how to proceed and direct[ed] or permit[ted] amendment of the pleadings to bring that person or persons before the court." Gordon v. Leeke, 574 F.2d 1147, 1153 (4th Cir.1978). Plaintiff was afforded that opportunity by the Magistrate Judge in regard to Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder because he was given two different extensions of time to bring his case into proper form, and even in his objections, he has not identified Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder in a satisfactory way.
*768 Under Rule 4(c)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the court must direct that service of process be effected by a United States marshal when the plaintiff is "authorized to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915." Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(c) (2). However, Plaintiff must have provided "sufficient information to identify the defendant." Greene v. Holloway, 210 F.3d 361, 2000 WL 296314, *1 (4th Cir.2000) (unpublished table decision) (emphasis omitted) (citing with approval Graham v. Satkoski, 51 F.3d 710 (7th Cir. 1995)). If the defendant could have been "located with reasonable effort," the Marshals Service's "failure to complete service will constitute good cause [to extend the time for service] under Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m)." Id. Thus, the Marshals Service is required to "expend a reasonable investigative effort to locate a [d]efendant once he is properly identified." Lucas v. Eagleton, No. C.A.0:05 2007 TLW BM, 2006 WL 1663810, at *2 (D.S.C. June 8, 2006) (emphasis omitted) (citing Karlsson v. Rabinowitz, 318 F.2d 666, 668-69 (4th Cir. 1963)).
Since Plaintiff was unable to identify Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder, the United States Marshals Service was unable to begin its investigative effort to locate that defendant. Therefore, since Plaintiff has been afforded a reasonable opportunity (approximately three months) to properly identify Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder, the court agrees with the Magistrate Judge's recommendation of dismissal of the complaint as to Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder without service of process and without prejudice pursuant to Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.[1]
CONCLUSION
For the aforementioned reasons, the court ORDERS the dismissal of the complaint as to Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder without service of process and without prejudice.
AND IT IS SO ORDERED.
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY DISMISSAL
JOSEPH R. McCROREY, United States Magistrate Judge.
Plaintiff, proceeding pro se, brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 28 U.S.C. § 1915, in forma pauperis. In this complaint, Plaintiff complains about the execution of his sentence. Plaintiff claims that he was kept in jail longer than his nine year sentence. Plaintiff seeks damages for a violation of his Fourth Amendment liberty interest.
This Court is required to liberally construe pro se documents, Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 97 S. Ct. 285, 50 L. Ed. 2d 251 (1976), holding them to a less stringent standard than those drafted by attorneys, Hughes v. Rowe, 449 U.S. 5, 101 S. Ct. 173, 66 L. Ed. 2d 163 (1980) (per curiam,). Even under this less stringent standard, however, the pro se complaint is subject to summary dismissal. The mandated liberal construction afforded to pro se pleadings means that if the court can reasonably read the pleadings to state a valid claim on which the plaintiff could prevail, it should do so, but a district court may not rewrite a petition to include claims that were never presented, Barnett v. Hargett, 174 F.3d 1128, 1133 (10th Cir.1999), or construct the plaintiffs legal arguments for him, Small *769 v. Endicott, 998 F.2d 411, 417-18 (7th Cir. 1993), or "conjure up questions never squarely presented" to the court, Beaudett v. City of Hampton, 775 F.2d 1274, 1278 (4th Cir.1985). The requirement of liberal construction does not mean that the court can ignore a clear failure in the pleading to allege facts which set forth a claim currently cognizable in a federal district court. Weller v. Dep't of Soc. Serv., 901 F.2d 387 (4th Cir.1990).
By Order dated February 27, 2007, Plaintiff was given a specific time frame in which to bring this case into proper form. Plaintiff was given an opportunity to provide the necessary information and paperwork, which includes properly identifying the Defendants, to bring the case into proper form for evaluation and possible service of process. Plaintiff was warned that failure to provide the necessary information within the time table set forth in the Order would subject the case to dismissal for failure to prosecute. See Fed. R.Civ.P. 41.
Plaintiff partially complied with the Court's February 27, 2007 Order by submitting completed Pro Se Party's Answers to Rule 26.01 Interrogatories and a completed summons for Defendant Ozmint. Plaintiff also submitted completed Forms USM 285 for Defendants Ozmint and S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder, but Plaintiff failed to name (or identify) Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder. Plaintiff submitted Forms USM 285 for the remaining Defendants, but failed to comply with the February 27, 2007 Order by providing an address for each Defendant. Plaintiff failed to submit summonses for any Defendant other than Defendant Ozmint.
By Order dated April 5, 2007, Plaintiff was given an additional 20 days to provide summonses and Forms USM 285 that included a name and address to properly identify each Defendant. Again, Plaintiff was warned that failure to provide the necessary information within the time table set forth in the Order would subject the case to dismissal for failure to prosecute. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 41. Plaintiff returned the summonses which sufficiently identified Defendants Leverette, Steven, Hallman, Hunter, and Specht but did not include a summons that identified the Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder. Additionally, Plaintiff returned Forms USM 285 for Defendants Brown, Leverette, Steven, Hallman, Hunter and Specht. The time to bring this case into proper form now has lapsed. Plaintiff has provided sufficient information to bring this case into proper form as to all Defendants except S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder.
Because Plaintiff is proceeding in forma pauperis in this case, the United States Marshal's Service is responsible for effecting service of process on the Defendants. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 3(c)(2). The United States Marshal must expend a reasonable investigative effort to locate a defendant once a defendant is properly identified by a plaintiff. See Greene v. Holloway, 210 F.3d 361 (4th Cir.2000) (unpublished), citing with approval Graham v. Satkoski, 51 F.3d 710 (7th Cir.1995). However, in this case, Plaintiff has failed to provide sufficient information to properly identify Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder after twice being ordered to do so. Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy Holder should be dismissed as a defendant in this action because the Plaintiff has failed to prosecute or to comply with orders of the Court by failing to supply sufficient information to identify this Defendant. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 41,
Recommendation
Accordingly, it is recommended that the District Judge dismiss the complaint as to Defendant S.C.D.C. Insurance Policy *770 Holder without service of process and without prejudice pursuant to Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Process shall issue for service of the remaining Defendants.
May 17, 2007.
NOTES
[1] If Plaintiff is subsequently able to identify the defendant, he may file a Motion to Alter or Amend Complaint. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 15; see also Crago v. Capital Advantage Fin. & Dev., Inc., 242 F.R.D. 341 (D.S.C.2007).