SOLUTIONS DIAGNOSTIC CENTER, INC., Plaintiff,
v.
The PYRAMID LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant.
Case No. 09-21105-CIV.
United States District Court, S.D. Florida, Miami Division.
May 20, 2009.*1354 Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Sirgo, J.P. Gonzalez-Sirgo, P.A., Coral Gables, FL, for Plaintiff.
Mark David Greenberg, Carlton Fields, Miami, FL, for Defendant.
FINAL ORDER OF REMAND
JAMES LAWRENCE KING, District Judge.
THIS CAUSE is before the Court upon the Plaintiffs "Motion to Remand with Incorporated Memorandum of Law" (D.E. #4), filed April 30, 2009. On May 18, 2009, the Defendant filed its "Response to Plaintiffs Motion to Remand" (D.E. #5).
I. BACKGROUND
On March 17, 2009, the Plaintiff initially filed its Complaint in the Circuit Court of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit in and for Miami-Dade County. See D.E. # 1, pg. 8. The Plaintiff alleges that, between October 1, 2008 and December 1, 2008, six different individualsall of whom were insured by the Defendantsought medical treatment at its facility. After providing medical services to these individuals, the Plaintiff billed the Defendant for various amounts (totaling $392,738.00) that are covered by the respective policies. See id. at pg. 9-15. These individuals have designated the Plaintiff as the assignee of their claims. See id. Even though the Plaintiff has demanded payment, the Defendant "has failed and refuses to pay the full amount of said claim[s]." Id. Due to the fact that the "[D]efendant has breached its contract[s] of insurance," the Plaintiff seeks damages. Id.
On April 23, 2009, the Defendant removed the action to this Court. See D.E. # 1, pg. 1. The Defendant alleges that "[t]his Court has original jurisdiction pursuant to 28 USC § 1331 in that the Complaint asserts a civil action arising under the laws of the United States, more specifically, the Medicare Entitlement Program under which Medicare Advantage Plans are authorized, 42 U.S.C. § 1395w-21 to 1395w-28." Id. at pg. 2. Furthermore, the Defendant alleges that, although "the Complaint is in the form of a breach of insurance contract claim, the Plaintiffs claim is an action to recover benefits allegedly covered under the Medicare Advantage Plans ("MA Plans") issued to its assignors" and, therefore, is expressly preempted by the language of "42 U.S.C. § 1395w-26(b)(3)." Id.
On April 28, 2009, the Defendant filed its "Answer to Complaint" (D.E. # 2). As previously stated, on April 30, 2009, the Plaintiff filed the instant Motion.
II. LEGAL STANDARD
Generally, uncertainties are resolved in favor of remand because federal courts have limited jurisdiction. See Burns v. Windsor Ins. Co., 31 F.3d 1092, 1095 (11th Cir.1994). The burden is on the defendant to prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that federal jurisdiction is proper. See Leonard v. Enterprise Rent A Car, 279 F.3d 967, 972 (11th Cir.2002). Jurisdictional facts are generally assessed from plaintiffs complaint at the time of *1355 removal. See Burns, 31 F.3d at 1097 n. 13.
III. DISCUSSION
After thorough consideration of the parties' briefs and the record, the undersigned concludes that the instant action should be remanded to state court because there is no federal-question jurisdiction the sole basis for subject matter jurisdiction alleged in the Notice of Removal upon which the instant action could have originally been filed in this Court. See 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a) ("Except as otherwise expressly provided by Act of Congress, any civil action brought in a State court of which the district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction, may be removed by the defendant or the defendants, to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place where such action is pending." (emphasis added)). The Defendant asserts[1] that, because the Plaintiffs claims are allegedly preempted by the language in the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 (i.e., 42 U.S.C. § 1395w-26(b)(3)), removal was proper and remand is unwarranted. However, in Dial v. Healthspring of Alabama, Inc., 541 F.3d 1044, 1046-48 (11th Cir.2008), the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals recently addressed this exact issue:
This appeal presents the question of whether a complaint about conduct regulated by the Medicare Act filed in state court may be removed to a federal court.
...
The wrinkle in this appeal is that the only source of federal law that Healthspring invokes in support of removal is the Medicare Act, which `strips federal courts of primary federal-question subject matter jurisdiction' over claims that arise under that Act. Cochran [v. U.S. Health Care Financing Admin.], 291 F.3d [775] at 779 [(11th Cir. 2002)] (citing 42 U.S.C. § 405(h)). In place of that primary federal question jurisdiction, the Act provides for an administrative hearing before the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services. 42 U.S.C § 1395w-22(g)(5). If the amount in controversy is sufficient, the Act provides for `judicial review of the Secretary's final decision' in the form of a civil action in federal district court against the Secretary. Id; 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). This procedure for judicial review of the administrative decision of the Secretary "to the exclusion of 28 U.S.C. § 1331, is the sole avenue for judicial review for all `claim[s] arising under' the Medicare Act." Heckler v. Ringer, 466 U.S. 602, 615, 104 S.Ct. 2013, 2021, 80 L.Ed.2d 622 (1984).
Because the plaintiffs' action is not a `civil action of which the district courts have original jurisdiction,' the action is not removable.... We need not decide whether the complaint against Healthspring arises under the Medicare Act because the district court lacks removal jurisdiction in any event. Even if we assume that at least one of the beneficiaries' claims for relief arises under the Medicare Act, the district court would lack subject matter jurisdiction over their complaint because it is not against the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services for review of an administrative decision.
Thus, the instant action is not a case over which this Court has original jurisdiction *1356 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331. To make this determination, the undersignedlike the Eleventh Circuit in Dialneed not address the well-pleaded complaint rule (and its narrow exception based upon complete preemption) because, even assuming one of the Plaintiffs claims (which are written as state tort claims) somehow arises under the Medicare Act, this Court would lack removal jurisdiction in any event due to the fact that the Complaint is not against the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services for review of an administrative decision.[2]
IV. CONCLUSION
Accordingly, it is ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and DECREED that the Plaintiffs "Motion to Remand with Incorporated Memorandum of Law" (D.E. # 4) be, and the same is hereby, GRANTED. The Clerk is hereby DIRECTED to remand the instant action to the Eleventh Judicial Circuit for Miami-Dade County and CLOSE this case. All scheduled hearings are hereby CANCELED. All pending motions are hereby DENIED AS MOOT.
NOTES
[1] The undersigned acknowledges that the Plaintiff has asserted some alternative reasons for why the instant action should allegedly be remanded to state court. The Court does not address these alternative reasons because the Defendant's basis for removal, as alleged in the Notice of Removal, is clearly without merit.
[2] The undersigned acknowledges the Defendant's attempt to distinguish Dial from the instant action. The Defendant asserts that the two are distinguishable because the former involved claims "which were asserted against a plan administrator and agent whereas the instant case solely involves a claim for benefits under an MA Plan government by the Medicare Act and its regulations." D.E. # 5, pg. 3 n. 3. This argument is unpersuasive. In Dial, the defendant made the identical argument that the "Medicare Act expressly preempts state substantive law, see 42 U.S.C. § 1395w-26, and provides the exclusive remedy for at least some of the allegations in the complaint, see 42 U.S.C. § 1395w-22(g)(5)." 541 F.3d at 1047. After considering this argument, the Eleventh broadly heldwithout restricting the breadth of its holding to claims asserted against plan administrators and agentsthat removal was improper. Thus, the broad holding of Dial is clearly controlling as applied to the facts of the instant case.