United States v. Lyons Bynum

United States Court of Appeals For the Eighth Circuit ___________________________ No. 12-3882 ___________________________ United States of America lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellee v. Lyons Lonnie Bynum lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellant ____________ Appeal from United States District Court for the District of Minnesota - St. Paul ____________ Submitted: October 21, 2013 Filed: October 31, 2013 [Unpublished] ____________ Before GRUENDER, BEAM, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges. ____________ PER CURIAM. After trial, a jury found Lyons Lonnie Bynum guilty of unlawful possession of a firearm by a previously convicted felon, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). The district court1 sentenced Bynum to 120 months’ imprisonment, rejecting the Government’s contention that at least one of Bynum’s prior convictions triggered the 180-month mandatory minimum under the Armed Career Criminal Act (“ACCA”). See 18 U.S.C. § 924(e). Bynum appealed the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his conviction, and the Government cross-appealed the district court’s refusal to apply the ACCA mandatory minimum. We affirmed Bynum’s conviction but reversed the district court’s sentence. We found that Bynum’s prior third-degree Minnesota drug conviction was a predicate offence within the meaning of the ACCA, thus requiring imposition of the mandatory minimum. United States v. Bynum, 669 F.3d 880, 887- 88 (8th Cir. 2012). On remand for resentencing, Bynum was sentenced to 180 months’ imprisonment. He appeals this sentence, arguing that—despite Almendarez- Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224 (1998)—the Fifth and Sixth Amendments require the fact of his prior conviction to be found by a jury. We affirm the new sentence. Bynum contends that this court can and must disregard the Almendarez-Torres rule given recent indications that a majority of the Supreme Court may no longer agree with it. In a supplemental Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 28(j) letter, Bynum asserts that the Supreme Court hinted at this jurisprudential shift in Alleyne v. United States, 570 U.S. ---, 133 S. Ct. 2151 (2013). We recently observed, however, that the Supreme Court in Alleyne “left intact the [Almendarez-Torres] rule that enhancements based on the fact of a prior conviction are an exception to the general rule that facts increasing the prescribed range of penalties must be presented to a jury.” United States v. Abrahamson, --- F.3d ---, --- (8th Cir. 2013) (citing Alleyne, 133 S. Ct. at 2160 & n.1). See also United States v. Torres-Alvarado, 416 F.3d 808, 810 (8th Cir. 2005) (“While it is unclear whether Almendarez-Torres and 1 The Honorable Richard H. Kyle, United States District Judge for the District of Minnesota. -2- its felony exception will remain good law, . . . we are bound by Almendarez-Torres until the Supreme Court explicitly overrules it.”). Therefore, we affirm Bynum’s sentence. ______________________________ -3-