Filed 12/3/13 P. v. Williams CA2/6
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION SIX
THE PEOPLE, 2d Crim. No. B245317
(Super. Ct. No. 1312078)
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Santa Barbara County)
v.
WALDEN REID WILLIAMS,
Defendant and Appellant.
Walden Reid Williams appeals a judgment following conviction of grand
theft (two counts), sale of subdivision land without a public report (two counts), and
misdemeanor false or misleading advertising of subdivision land, with findings that the
crimes involved excessive takings and are related felonies involving related felony
conduct. (Pen. Code, §§ 484, 487, subd. (a);1 Bus. & Prof. Code, §§ 11018.2, 11022,
subd. (a), 11023; §§ 12022.6, subd. (a)(2),2 1203.045, subd. (a), 186.11, subd. (a)(1).)
We vacate the restitution order and remand for a hearing regarding restitution, but
otherwise affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Williams owned undeveloped real property in northern Santa Barbara
County, known as "Dominion Ranch Road, LLC" ("DRR"), which was subdivided into
1
All further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless stated otherwise.
2
References to section 12022.6 are to the version in effect prior to January 1, 2012.
20-acre parcels. In July 1998, with the approval of the County of Santa Barbara
("County"), he installed an agricultural well on the property. The County then informed
Williams in writing that a permit was required to draw the well water for residential or
domestic use.
In 1999, Williams employed Cal-Coast Irrigation ("Cal-Coast") to install an
irrigation system "to distribute water to the farming blocks" on the property. The
company installed an irrigation system on DRR for agricultural use only, including
"chemigation" valves, a booster pump, and particular fittings that did not allow for
potable water. Cal-Coast was not licensed to, and did not design or install domestic
water systems.
In 2001, Williams contacted Norman Fujimoto, a County employee
overseeing domestic water systems and water well construction. Fujimoto sent Williams
a domestic water permit application and an information sheet regarding domestic water
systems. Fujimoto advised Williams that the County required information regarding the
chemical quality of the well water and the nature of the existing water pipes. The County
also required adequate water storage and a pump test of the well to ensure that it
produced sufficient water. Fujimoto informed Williams that California law required
Williams to create a mutual water company and register it with the California Secretary
of State. Williams later telephoned Fujimoto to discuss the matter, but he did not submit
any domestic water system application.
In the summer of 2001, Williams contacted Richard Dolittle, a civil
engineer, regarding conversion of "the [existing] water system from agricultural to
domestic." Dolittle advised Williams in writing of the mechanics involved in converting
the agricultural system – rerouting pipes, relocating the booster pump, and adding to
lateral piping, among other things. Dolittle retained a hydrologist to assist him and, by
2002, developed final plans for the conversion. Necessary repairs to the existing system
had been completed and the system had been observed and tested.
The County did not issue Williams a domestic water permit, however,
because of environmental concerns regarding the tiger salamander, an endangered
2
wildlife species. The County informed Williams that it required an environmental impact
report regarding the protected salamander. In mid-2003, an environmental impact report
was prepared, suggesting mitigating measures to protect the salamander.3
In 2002, Williams employed Lawnae Hunter, a real estate broker, to sell
DRR parcels. Hunter placed advertisements, stating "some general language about
possibly building . . . homes . . . on the lots." She later sold parcels to Brian Abel and
Clete Doyal, among others. Real estate agent Brad Berch thereafter assumed Hunter's
sales responsibilities regarding DRR parcels.
DRR Parcel Purchasers
Clete Doyal
In 2004, Clete Doyal and his wife visited DRR because they were
interested in purchasing a retirement property. Doyal saw a billboard on DRR property
to the effect of "Build your dream home." The Doyals informed Hunter that they
intended to build a retirement home and a barn. Hunter informed them that the property
contained a domestic water system; Williams informed them that a mutual water
company existed. Prior to purchasing the property, Doyal did not know that there was no
approved domestic water system or that a mutual water company did not exist.
Brian Abel
In 2004, Brian Abel visited DRR property and saw an advertisement placed
on the property regarding building a dream home. He contacted Hunter and informed her
that he intended to build a family home. She stated that a domestic water system had
been approved, and gave him documents regarding a mutual water company. Prior to
purchasing a parcel, Abel met with Williams, who also informed him that the County had
approved a domestic water system. Abel also advised Williams that he intended to build
a residence for his family on the property.
Abel bought a DRR parcel in January 2005. He later contacted the County
to discuss installation of a back-flow valve to begin the building permit process. A
3
In the years that followed, certain DRR property owners complied with mitigating
measures and obtained land-use permits to build homes.
3
County employee informed Abel that every parcel owner would be required to install a
back-flow valve. Williams later assured Abel that as manager of the mutual water
company, he would "force" every parcel owner to install a back-flow valve.
In late 2006, Abel contacted Cal-Coast regarding an irrigation matter. The
Cal-Coast owner informed Abel that the existing DRR water system was agricultural
only. Shortly thereafter, Abel telephoned Berch and advised him that Cal-Coast had not
installed a domestic water system. Berch disputed Abel's assertion and stated that the
water system was a domestic water system; Abel thought that Berch did not "really care[]
what [Abel] had to say about it."
In March 2007, Williams, Abel, and other property owners had a meeting
with County employee Fujimoto regarding obtaining an approved domestic water system.
Fujimoto explained the requirements for a domestic water system permit and a mutual
water company. He also discussed the mechanics of two options for installing a domestic
water system on the property.
Later that year, Abel learned that Williams had not completed the necessary
documents to obtain a mutual water company. At a meeting, Abel and other property
owners so informed Williams, who responded that he would "bring it up to active status."
By the time of the September 2012 trial, Abel had not built a residence on
the DRR parcel he purchased because he could not afford to drill a well on his parcel or
to create a domestic water system. Estimates to drill a well were approximately $130,000
or more, and estimates to add on to the existing agricultural water system were "ten times
more."
Judy Paulson & Ronald Dewey
In 2007, Paulson and Dewey visited DRR property and saw a billboard
advertising that the property was suitable for a "dream home," and that it had a shared
water well. Paulson contacted Berch who referred her to his website. The website
reiterated the billboard advertising. Based upon the advertisements and Williams's
written statement during negotiations that "[s]hared water well and distribution lines to
property are already in place," Paulson believed that the property had a domestic water
4
system. Paulson also met Williams who informed her that a mutual water company and a
domestic water supply to the property existed.
On February 26, 2007, Paulson and Dewey bought a DRR parcel. In mid-
2007, they applied for a building permit and learned that their parcel had no permitted
domestic water system. Through discussions with Fujimoto in February 2008, Paulson
and Dewey learned that Williams had never applied for a domestic water system permit.
In 2008, Paulson and Dewey installed a private water well on their parcel
and obtained a building permit to build their residence. Cost of the well and a code-
compliant fire hydrant was $169,175.84.
2007 Attempts for Domestic Water System
In October or November 2007, Williams contacted Lori Speer, a civil
engineer at Bethel Engineering, to prepare a plan to convert the agricultural water system
to a domestic water system. Speer recommended that portions of the existing irrigation
pipe be exposed and examined to verify the pipe type and connections, and a back-up
water source be created as required by recent legislation. On April 1, 2008, Williams
submitted an application for a permit, but the application was not approved because
Williams did not submit the additional information requested by the County. In 2009, the
County closed out Williams's application as inactive.
Public Report
In 2001, Williams applied for a public report from the California
Department of Real Estate. (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 11018.2.) A report did not issue,
however, because Williams did not provide a letter from the DRR water supplier. In
2009, a special investigator from the Department of Real Estate contacted Williams
regarding his failure to obtain a public report. Williams indicated that he and his attorney
decided not to follow through with the application. Moreover, a title company officer
erroneously informed Williams that a public report was not required. Several buyers
testified at trial that they did not receive a public report from Williams.
5
Conviction and Sentencing
The jury convicted Williams of grand theft (two counts), sale of subdivision
land without a public report (two counts), and misdemeanor false or misleading
advertising of subdivision land. (§§ 484, 487, subd. (a); Bus. & Prof. Code, §§ 11018.2,
11022, subd. (a), 11023.) It also found that he took property exceeding $200,000, the
theft exceeded $100,000, and the crimes were related felonies involving related felony
conduct. (§§ 12022.6, subd. (a)(2), 1203.045, subd. (a), 186.11, subd. (a)(1).) The trial
court sentenced Williams to a prison term of six years, including a two-year midterm for
grand theft (count 1), subordinate consecutive sentencing for the remaining felony
counts, 180 days in county jail for the misdemeanor conviction to be served concurrently
to count 1, two years for the related-felony-conduct enhancement of section 186.11,
subdivision (a)(1), and a stayed two-year sentence for the excessive taking allegation of
section 12022.6, subd. (a). The court also imposed a $6,720 restitution fine and a $6,720
parole revocation restitution fine (stayed), and ordered victim restitution. (§§ 1202.4,
subd. (b), 1202.45.)
Williams appeals and contends that: 1) there is insufficient evidence of his
intent to defraud (counts 1 and 5); 2) there is insufficient evidence that he falsely or
misleadingly advertised subdivision land; 3) the trial court erred in defining "good faith
belief" in the special instruction regarding sale of subdivision land without a public
report; 4) sufficient evidence establishes that his conviction of grand theft against Abel is
precluded by the four-year statute of limitations of section 803, subdivision (c)(1); and 5)
the trial court abused its discretion in awarding restitution amounts that included the
purchase price of two DRR parcels.
DISCUSSION
I.
Williams argues that there is insufficient evidence that he intended to
defraud Abel, Paulson, and Dewey. (§§ 484, 487, subd. (a).) He asserts that the evidence
establishes, at best, negligence, a civil matter, or "sloppiness," but not theft by false
pretenses.
6
In reviewing the sufficiency of evidence to support a conviction, we
examine the entire record and draw all reasonable inferences therefrom in favor of the
judgment to determine whether there is reasonable and credible evidence from which a
reasonable trier of fact could find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
(People v. Streeter (2012) 54 Cal.4th 205, 241.) Our review is the same in a prosecution
primarily resting upon circumstantial evidence. (People v. Watkins (2012) 55 Cal.4th
999, 1020.) We do not redetermine the weight of the evidence or the credibility of
witnesses. (People v. Albillar (2010) 51 Cal.4th 47, 60.) We must accept logical
inferences that the jury might have drawn from the evidence although we would have
concluded otherwise. (Streeter, at p. 241.) "If the circumstances reasonably justify the
trier of fact's findings, reversal of the judgment is not warranted simply because the
circumstances might also reasonably be reconciled with a contrary finding." (Albillar, at
p. 60.)
A theft conviction pursuant to the theory of theft by false pretenses requires
proof that the defendant made a false representation to the property owner, the
representation was made with the intent to defraud the owner, and the owner transferred
the property in reliance on the representation. (People v. Wooten (1996) 44 Cal.App.4th
1834, 1842.) Evidence of the defendant's intent is usually inferred from the facts and
circumstances surrounding the crime. (People v. Lewis (2001) 25 Cal.4th 610, 643.)
Sufficient evidence supports Williams's conviction of grand theft by false
pretenses. Williams represented to Paulson, Dewey, and Abel that an approved domestic
water system was already in place and required only a back-flow device for each parcel.
Williams knew that the purchasers intended to build homes on the property. Paulson,
Dewey, and Abel testified that they would not have purchased a DRR parcel had they
known the parcels lacked an approved domestic water system. Although Williams made
attempts to convert the agricultural water system to a domestic water system over the
years, he did not follow through with the County to correct any possible deficiencies and
obtain final approval. By the time of trial, he still had not installed an approved domestic
water system on the property. Williams also informed purchasers that a mutual water
7
company existed, when in fact it did not. This evidence and all reasonable inferences
therefrom establish Williams's intent to defraud.
II.
Williams contends that insufficient evidence supports his misdemeanor
conviction of false or misleading advertising of subdivision land, pursuant to Business
and Professions Code section 11022, subdivision (a). He asserts that the sales sign posted
on DRR property truthfully stated that, ultimately, a purchaser could build a home on the
property.
Business and Professions Code section 11022, subdivision (a) provides: "It
is unlawful for an owner, subdivider, agent or employee of a subdivision or other person,
with intent directly or indirectly to sell or lease subdivided lands or lots or parcels therein,
to authorize, use, direct, or aid in the publication, distribution, or circularization of an
advertisement, radio broadcast, or telecast concerning subdivided lands, that contains a
statement, pictorial representation, or sketch that is false or misleading."
Sufficient evidence and all reasonable inferences therefrom support
Williams's conviction of misdemeanor false or misleading advertising. (People v.
Streeter, supra, 54 Cal.4th 205, 241 [standard of review].) The advertising posted on
DRR property by Williams's real estate agents represented that a buyer could build a
"dream home." Berch's website also stated that the property was suitable for residential
building and had a shared water well. The advertising was misleading because it
suggested the existence of a prerequisite to residential living – a potable water source.
Abel, Paulson, and Dewey each testified that they would not have purchased their DRR
parcels had they known the property lacked an approved domestic water system. The
advertising also misled purchasers because it did not disclose that in order to obtain a
building permit and build a home, a purchaser must obtain a private water source and a
permitted domestic water system.
III.
Williams claims that the trial court erred in defining the phrase "good faith
belief" in the special instruction regarding sale of subdivision land without a public
8
report. (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 11018.2.) That instruction provides: "If you find that the
defendant had a reasonable and good faith belief in the existence of an exemption to the
requirements of Business and Professions Code section 11018.2 prior to the sale or offer
of sale of lots or parcels in a subdivision, you must find the defendant not guilty of the
crimes charged in counts 2 and 4. The defendant has the burden of producing evidence
that he had a reasonable and good faith belief in the existence of such exemption. [¶] . . .
[¶] A good faith belief means that the defendant did not act with an actual fraudulent
intent; and that he did not conspire with another or others or otherwise actively
participate in any fraudulent scheme."
Williams argues that this definition impermissibly related "good faith
belief" to the grand theft crimes and erroneously used the word "conspire" because the
prosecutor did not charge conspiracy. He asserts that these errors prevented the jury from
considering his defense to the public report counts.
For several reasons, we reject Williams's contention. First, he has forfeited
this argument because he did not request the trial court to modify the special instruction.
(People v. Lee (2011) 51 Cal.4th 620, 638.) "A trial court has no sua sponte duty to
revise or improve upon an accurate statement of law without a request from counsel
[citation], and failure to request clarification of an otherwise correct instruction forfeits
the claim of error for purposes of appeal." (Ibid.) If Williams believed the instruction
required elaboration or clarification, he was obliged to so request in the trial court. (Ibid.)
Second, the instruction correctly states the definition of good faith. Our
Supreme Court has defined "good faith" as "'that state of mind denoting honesty of
purpose [and] freedom from intention to defraud." (Ceja v. Rudolph & Sletten, Inc.
(2013) 56 Cal.4th 1113, 1120.)
Third, considering the instructions as a whole, it is not reasonably likely
that the jury was misled as Williams suggests. (People v. Tate (2010) 49 Cal.4th 635,
696 [standard of review for instructional error].) The special instruction does not refer to
the grand theft counts, and the instructions regarding grand theft do not refer to
"conspiracy" or "fraudulent scheme." (CALCRIM No. 1804.) There is no error.
9
IV.
Williams asserts that sufficient evidence establishes that the four-year
statute of limitations of section 803, subdivision (c)(1) precludes his conviction of grand
theft against Abel. He points out that the prosecution commenced on August 14, 2009,
but contends that Abel knew facts sufficient to place a reasonable person on notice before
August 14, 2005. (People v. Wong (2010) 186 Cal.App.4th 1433, 1444-1445 [statute of
limitations regarding theft begins to run when a person has knowledge of facts sufficient
to make a reasonable person suspicious of fraud].) Williams relies upon evidence that
Abel, a mechanical engineer, purchased the DRR parcel on January 13, 2005; the 2002
environmental impact report states that the DRR property had no domestic water system;
and other purchasers, before and after Abel, learned of the water problem.
The trial court instructed with CALCRIM No. 3410: "A defendant may not
be convicted of Grand Theft of Personal Property as charged in Count 5 unless the
prosecution began within four years of the date the crime should have been discovered.
The present prosecution began on August 14, 2009. [¶] A crime should have been
discovered when the victim was aware of facts that would have alerted a reasonably
diligent person in the same circumstances to the fact that a crime may have been
committed."
By a preponderance of the evidence, the prosecutor established that the
prosecution commenced within the four-year limitations period. (People v. Castillo
(2008) 168 Cal.App.4th 364, 369 [prosecutor bears burden of establishing by a
preponderance of the evidence that the prosecution is not precluded by the statute of
limitations].) Sufficient evidence supports the implied finding that Abel only first
discovered Williams's fraud in 2006 when he consulted Cal-Coast and learned that DRR
property did not have an approved, permitted domestic water system. Abel thereafter
telephoned Berch, who disputed Cal-Coast's assertions. Fujimoto confirmed Abel's
suspicions in 2007 when he met with other property owners and stated that DRR property
lacked an approved domestic water system.
10
Although Doyal testified that he purchased a DRR parcel in 2004, he did
not testify to the timing of his knowledge of the DRR water system problem. Paulson
and Dewey purchased their DRR parcel in 2007, several years after Abel purchased his
parcel. Thus, the suspicions and knowledge of other property owners do not assist
Williams's argument.
Moreover, the well permit document given to Abel prior to his purchase
does not state that the water system was an agricultural system only. Abel testified that
the document did not state that a domestic water system was not approved. In addition,
Williams informed Abel that the parcel had an approved domestic water system that only
required a backflow device. This evidence is sufficient to establish that Abel first
became suspicious of Williams's representations in 2006, well within the four-year
limitations period.
V.
Williams argues that the trial court erred by including the purchase price of
the parcels bought by Paulson and Dewey ($600,000) and Abel ($550,000) in the
$2,050,794 total restitution order. He does not question the court's award of the
purchasers' expenses to obtain a domestic water system.
At the sentencing hearing, Williams requested a hearing regarding
restitution and the trial court agreed to set a hearing. As the Attorney General points out,
however, the appellate record does not indicate that a hearing was calendared and held.
We review the trial court's order for an abuse of discretion. (People v.
Giordano (2007) 42 Cal.4th 644, 663.) Here the court awarded restitution to two parcel
purchasers for the full amount of their purchase price as well as their expenses in
obtaining a domestic water system. The purchasers owned their DRR parcels at the time
of trial, and Paulson and Dewey had built a home on their parcel. The award of the full
amount of the purchase price to the two parcel owners constitutes a windfall and more
than makes them whole.
As the Attorney General suggests, the proper remedy is to remand the
matter to the trial court to conduct a restitution hearing as initially requested by Williams.
11
We vacate the order regarding restitution and remand for a restitution
hearing as discussed herein, but otherwise affirm.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.
GILBERT, P.J.
We concur:
YEGAN, J.
PERREN, J.
12
Patricia Kelly, Judge
Superior Court County of Santa Barbara
______________________________
Richard C. Gilman, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for
Defendant and Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant
Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Paul M.
Roadarmel, Jr., Supervising Deputy Attorney General, Connie H. Kan, Deputy Attorney
General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
13