Filed 12/9/13 P. v. Madera CA5
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, F065645
v. (Super. Ct. No. VCF258962)
VALOIS MADERA, JR., OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
THE COURT
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Tulare County. Valeriano
Saucedo, Judge.
Benjamin Owens, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Michael P. Farrell, Assistant Attorney General, Charles A. French and Tia M.
Coronado, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
-ooOoo-
Before Levy, Acting P.J., Kane, J., and Poochigian, J.
A jury convicted appellant, Valois Madera, Jr., of two counts of assault by means
of force likely to produce great bodily harm (counts 1 & 2/Pen. Code, § 245,
subd. (a)(1)),1 and one count each of battery resulting in serious bodily injury (count
3/§ 243, subd. (d)), and dissuading a witness from reporting a crime (count 4/§ 136.1,
subd. (b)(1)). The jury also found true a great bodily enhancement (§ 12022.7, subd. (a))
in count 1.2 In a separate proceeding, the court found true a serious felony enhancement
(§ 667, subd. (a)), two prior prison term enhancements (§ 667.5, subd. (b)), and
allegations that appellant had a prior conviction within the meaning of the three strikes
law. (§ 667, subds. (b)-(i).)
On appeal, Madera contends: 1) the evidence is insufficient to sustain his
conviction in count 3 for battery resulting in serious bodily injury; 2) the court committed
instructional error; and 3) the court erred by its failure to strike one of the prior prison
term enhancements. We will find merit to this last contention and will strike the
enhancement at issue. In all other respects, we will affirm.
FACTS
The evidence at trial established that on July 16, 2011, at approximately 10:50
p.m. Gilberto Alvarez walked to a liquor store in Dinuba where he saw Madera and his
cousin, Michael Caldera, in front of the store. Alvarez approached Caldera and asked if
he could talk to him. Madera then asked Alvarez if he had any problems with Caldera.
Alvarez replied that he did not and began walking backwards. Madera punched Alvarez
in the jaw, breaking it in two places. As Madera threw more punches, Alvarez bear-
hugged him and grabbed his ponytail and they both fell to the ground. After someone
pushed Alvarez from behind, Madera got up and left with Caldera and a third man.
1 Unless otherwise indicated all further statutory references are to the Penal Code.
2 The jury did not find true a great bodily injury enhancement in count 2.
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Alvarez bled profusely and was transported to a hospital by ambulance. He required
surgery to repair his jaw.
On August 9, 2011, at approximately 2:00 a.m., Michael Mendez walked with his
girlfriend, Arlene Delacruz, to his cousin’s house in Dinuba. As they waited outside the
house for Mendez’s cousin to come out, Madera walked up to Mendez and hit him in the
forehead with his fist. Mendez felt dizzy, fell to the ground, and noticed he was bleeding.
Mendez was struck once more but he was not sure whether Madera was the person who
struck him. However, Delacruz saw Madera kick “towards [Mendez’s] head.” Madera
told Mendez that if he notified the police he “would be done with.” Mendez and
Delacruz then walked to Mendez’s apartment.
Dinuba police officers responded to Mendez’s apartment and found Mendez
sitting on some stairs holding his head with blood running down his forehead. Mendez
had a “one-inch” laceration on his head that was treated by paramedics. He did not seek
any other medical treatment for his head wound.
When arrested later that night, Madera had blood on the top part of one of his
tennis shoes.
On July 11, 2012, the court sentenced Madera to an aggregate term of 18 years: a
six-year term on count 1 (the midterm doubled because of Madera’s prior strike
conviction), a three-year great bodily injury enhancement in that count, a consecutive
two-year term on count 2 (one-third the midterm, doubled because of Madera’s prior
strike conviction), a stayed doubled midterm of six years on count 3, a concurrent
doubled midterm of four years on count 4, a five-year serious felony enhancement, and
two one-year prior prison term enhancements.
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DISCUSSION
The Sufficiency of the Evidence Claim
“Section 243, subdivision (d), establishes the crime of battery involving serious
bodily injury. In subdivision (f)(4) of section 243, ‘“[s]erious bodily injury”’ is defined
as ‘a serious impairment of physical condition, including, but not limited to, the
following: loss of consciousness; concussion; bone fracture; protracted loss or
impairment of function of any bodily member or organ; a wound requiring extensive
suturing; and serious disfigurement.’ [Citation.]” (People v. Belton (2008) 168
Cal.App.4th 432, 439-440.)
Madera contends the one-inch cut Mendez suffered on his forehead was not “a
serious impairment of physical condition” within the meaning of section 243, subdivision
(f)(4) because his injury is not listed in the statute’s examples of serious bodily injury,
Mendez did not suffer a concussion, loss of consciousness, loss or impairment of organs
or bodily members, any broken bones, or any disfigurement and his injury did not require
any suturing. Thus, according to Madera, the evidence is insufficient to sustain his
conviction for committing battery with serious bodily injury. We disagree.
“It is well settled that the determination of [serious] bodily injury is essentially a
question of fact, not of law. ‘“Whether the harm resulting to the victim ... constitutes
[serious] bodily injury is a question of fact for the jury. [Citation.] If there is sufficient
evidence to sustain the jury’s finding of [serious] bodily injury, we are bound to accept it,
even though the circumstances might reasonably be reconciled with a contrary finding.”’
[Citations.]” (People v. Escobar (1992) 3 Cal.4th 740, 750.) “A fine line can divide an
injury from being significant or substantial from an injury that does not quite meet the
description.” (People v. Jaramillo (1979) 98 Cal.App.3d 830, 836.) “‘“Serious bodily
injury” and “great bodily injury” are essentially equivalent elements.’ [Citations.]”
(People v. Burroughs (1984) 35 Cal.3d 824, 831.)
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Here, Madera approached Mendez and punched him in the head, which caused
Mendez to fall down. Madera then kicked Mendez in the head while he was on the
ground. The assault resulted in Mendez suffering a one-inch long cut on his forehead that
bled profusely and caused him to feel dizzy. When officers arrived outside his apartment,
Mendez was holding his head from the effects of the blows he suffered earlier. Mendez’s
injury was not as severe as some of the ones described in the statutory language.
However, as noted earlier, whether Mendez suffered serious bodily injury within the
meaning of section 243, subdivision (f)(4) was a question of fact for the jury. Further,
the jury’s finding that he did is supported by the facts discussed above. (Cf. People v.
Jaramillo, supra, 98 Cal.App.3d 830, 836 [multiple contusions over various portions of
victim’s body that caused swelling and left severe discoloration on parts of victim’s body
supported a finding that victim suffered great bodily injury]; People v. Escobar, supra, 3
Cal.4th 740, 750 [“extensive bruises and abrasions over the victim’s legs, knees and
elbows, injury to her neck and soreness in her vaginal area of such severity that it
significantly impaired her ability to walk” found to support finding that defendant
inflicted great bodily injury on rape victim].) Accordingly, we reject Madera’s
contention that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the jury’s finding that he committed
battery with serious bodily injury.
The Alleged Instructional Error
CALCRIM No. 925 states, in relevant part:
“[A serious bodily injury means a serious impairment of physical
condition. Such an injury may include[, but is not limited to]: (loss of
consciousness/ concussion/ bone fracture/ protracted loss or impairment of
function of any bodily member or organ/ a wound requiring extensive
suturing/ [and] serious disfigurement).]”
The trial court instructed the jury as follows: “A serious bodily injury means a
serious impairment of physical condition.” It did not, however, charge the jury with the
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examples of serious bodily injury that are included in the quoted portion of CALCRIM
No. 925. Madera contends the court erred by its failure to do so because
the use notes for CALCRIM No. 925 state that the quoted portion is to be given when, as
in the instant case, there is a dispute whether an injury constitutes a serious bodily injury.
Madera appears to further contend that had the jury been able to compare Mendez’s
injury to the omitted examples, it might have concluded that Mendez’s injury did not
constitute a serious bodily injury.
Madera concedes he did not object to the trial court’s instruction below. He
argues, however, that his failure to object did not result in forfeiture because the alleged
error affected his substantial rights (§ 1259 [“The appellate court may … review any
instruction given, refused or modified, even though no objection was made thereto in the
lower court, if the substantial rights of the defendant were affected thereby”]) and a claim
that a jury instruction is legally incorrect may be raised on appeal even in the absence of
an objection below (People v. Hudson (2006) 38 Cal.4th 1002, 1011-1012). We disagree.
The instruction that “[a] serious bodily injury means a serious impairment of
physical condition” was a correct statement of the law. (People v. Nava (1989) 207
Cal.App.3d 1490, 1498 (Nava).) Further, the examples listed in section 243, subdivision
(f)(4) and CALCRIM No. 925 are merely illustrative and do not necessarily comprise the
definition of a serious bodily injury. (Nava, supra, at p. 1498.) Consequently, since the
instruction the court gave correctly instructed the jury on the meaning of serious bodily
injury, the omission from the instruction of specific examples of serious bodily injury did
not affect Madera’s substantial rights. Accordingly, we conclude that Madera forfeited
his challenge to this instruction as given by the court by his failure to object in the trial
court.
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Failure to Strike One of the Prior Prison Term Enhancements
The serious felony enhancement and one of the prior prison term enhancements
the court found true were each based on Madera’s October 11, 1995, conviction for
assault with a firearm (§ 245, subd. (a)). Madera cites People v. Jones (1993) 5 Cal.4th
1142 (Jones) to contend the trial court should have stricken this prior prison term
enhancement because “the same prior conviction cannot be used as the basis of both a
prior serious felony [enhancement] and a prior prison term enhancement.”
The People counter that under People v. Lopez (2004) 119 Cal.App.4th 355 (Lopez) and
California Rules of Court, rule 4.447 (rule 4.447),3 the proper procedure is to “impose
and stay execution of the one-year enhancement under section 667.5, subdivision (b).”
Enhancements for the same prior conviction cannot be imposed under both
sections 667.5 and 667. (Jones, supra, 5 Cal.4th at p. 1153.) While the Supreme Court
in Jones did not specifically discuss whether this limitation should be effectuated by
staying or striking the section 667.5, subdivision (b) enhancement (the lesser penalty), it
explicitly instructed the trial court to strike the section 667.5 enhancement. Although the
Supreme Court did not discuss this instruction, we do not assume that it was given
without consideration of the proper manner of handling such matters. Therefore, we
follow its lead.
The People rely on the language in Lopez, supra, 119 Cal.App.4th 355. We find
the discussion in that case to be inapposite, as it involved whether the multiple victim
3 Rule 4.447 provides: “No finding of an enhancement may be stricken or
dismissed because imposition of the term either is prohibited by law or exceeds
limitations on the imposition of multiple enhancements. The sentencing judge must
impose sentence for the aggregate term of imprisonment computed without reference to
those prohibitions and limitations, and must thereupon stay execution of so much of the
term as is prohibited or exceeds the applicable limit. The stay will become permanent on
the defendant’s service of the portion of the sentence not stayed.”
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special circumstance under the habitual sexual offender law (§ 667.71) must be stricken
when the trial court has decided to sentence the defendant under the alternative
sentencing scheme of the one strike law (§ 667.61). It did not involve whether section
667, subdivision (a) and section 667.5, subdivision (b) could both be imposed for the
same underlying offense. Further, Lopez concluded that the multiple victim special
circumstance could not be stricken because to do so would violate the express language
of section 667.61, which states in relevant part, “(g) Notwithstanding Section 1385 or any
other provision of law, the court shall not strike any allegation, admission, or finding of
any of the circumstances specified in subdivision (d) or (e) for any person who is subject
to punishment under this section.” (See Lopez, supra, 119 Cal.App.4th at p. 361.) There
is no equivalent language in section 667.5, subdivision (b).
DISPOSITION
The enhancement imposed pursuant to section 667.5, subdivision (b) for Madera’s
1995 assault with a firearm conviction is stricken. The trial court is directed to prepare
an abstract of judgment consistent with this opinion and to forward a certified copy to the
Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. In all other respects, the judgment is
affirmed.
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