Filed 1/3/14 P. v. Velazquezrosales CA4/3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION THREE
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, G046790
v. (Super. Ct. No. 10NF1332)
KARLA MARIA OPINION
VELAZQUEZROSALES,
Defendant and Appellant.
Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of Orange County, W.
Michael Hayes, Judge. Affirmed as modified.
Nancy J. King, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant
Attorney General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, William M. Wood and
Marilyn L. George, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
* * *
A jury convicted defendant Karla Maria Velazquezrosales of attempted
murder with premeditation and deliberation. (Pen. Code, §§ 187, subd. (a), 664, subd.
(a).) The jury also found defendant personally and intentionally discharged a firearm
causing great bodily injury to the victim. (Pen. Code, § 12022.53, subd. (d).) The trial
court sentenced defendant to seven years to life for attempted murder and a consecutive
term of 25 years to life for the gun enhancement (for a total of 32 years to life in state
prison).
We reject defendant’s claim that the court erred by refusing to reopen the
case to allow defendant to impeach the prosecution’s rebuttal witness. We likewise reject
defendant’s assertion that the court erred by imposing a $10,000 restitution fine. (Pen.
Code, § 1202.4.) But, as conceded by the Attorney General, the court erred in its
calculation of custody credits. We therefore modify the judgment to reflect the correct
number of custody credits and affirm the judgment as modified.
FACTS
Sherry Tyson was shot in the stomach on May 2, 2010. Tyson suffered a
potentially fatal injury to her liver and endured multiple surgeries. According to Tyson,
defendant shot her. According to defendant (who admitted in her testimony that she was
present at the scene of the crime), a man named “Vadi” (and nicknamed “Prowler”) was
the perpetrator. Although defendant does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence in
support of her conviction, we summarize the evidentiary record to contextualize
defendant’s claim that the court erred when it refused her request to reopen the case to
allow the presentation of additional evidence relating to defendant’s claim that Vadi
committed the crime.
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Evidence Supporting the Prosecution’s Theory of the Case
At the time Tyson was shot, her son was in juvenile hall on an attempted
murder charge. Defendant had previously dated Tyson’s son. So had a teenage girl
named Lauren, who remained friends with Tyson’s son and was sleeping at Tyson’s
apartment at the time of the incident. At about 12:30 a.m. on the night in question,
Lauren (while she was sleeping) received a voice mail message from defendant calling
Lauren a “hoodrat” and a “fucking bitch.”
At approximately 1:00 a.m., someone knocked on Tyson’s door. Tyson
saw defendant outside her apartment. After opening her door, Tyson also noticed a male
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individual “from the neighborhood” she knew only as Vadi. Defendant told Tyson she
had heard Lauren was looking for defendant. Tyson shut the door. Tyson observed
defendant through the peephole; defendant covered the peephole with gum. Tyson
opened the door and removed the gum. Tyson no longer saw defendant or Vadi.
After Tyson threw away the gum, she heard a noise in her backyard. Tyson
opened the blinds to investigate and saw defendant. Tyson told defendant to get out of
her backyard, adding, “I’m not playing with you.” Defendant responded by turning
toward Tyson with a gun and saying, “I’m not playing with you either.” Tyson asked,
“What are you going to do? Shoot me?” Defendant shot Tyson shortly thereafter. While
Tyson was the only one to see defendant, a witness inside Tyson’s residence testified that
she heard a female voice interacting with Tyson prior to the shooting.
Lauren and the second witness inside Tyson’s residence called 911
immediately after the shooting. Tyson can be heard screaming and moaning in the
background of both calls. Tyson can also be heard identifying “Karla” (defendant’s first
name) as the shooter. Both callers identified Karla as the shooter based on the statements
of Tyson, not as a result of independently witnessing the shooting.
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Police were unable to locate or identify anyone named “Vadi.”
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When a police officer arrived, he found Tyson on the floor inside the
apartment, holding her hands to her bloody stomach and screaming in pain. When the
officer asked Tyson who had shot her, she screamed, “Karla shot me.” Another police
officer met Tyson at the hospital. The officer heard Tyson state, “Karla shot me and she
was close.”
A third police officer already in the neighborhood at the time of the
shooting observed a female sprinting down the sidewalk; the female matched a
description the officer had received of the suspect in the shooting of Tyson. The suspect
refused the officer’s call to stop, but instead ran away from the officer into an apartment
complex. Defendant was later arrested inside one of the apartments in this complex.
Police subsequently found a handgun in a dumpster along the route taken by the fleeing
female suspect. A firearm expert opined that a bullet casing obtained from Tyson’s
backyard was fired by the gun recovered from the dumpster.
Defendant’s Testimony
Defendant testified on her own behalf. In May 2010, defendant lived with
her mother in Anaheim. In the past, she had lived with Tyson and her son. Tyson’s son
and Vadi (nicknamed Prowler) were both members of the gang known as Chicanos
Kicking Ass (C.K.A.).
Approximately one month before defendant’s arrest, Tyson’s son was
arrested for attempted murder. Defendant was with Tyson’s son at the time of the
shooting, and defendant told police that Tyson’s son was present with a gun during the
shooting. When defendant told Tyson she had spoken with police, Tyson called
defendant a “rat.” Defendant and Tyson argued, but Tyson eventually calmed down.
They discussed the idea of defendant marrying Tyson’s son, so defendant would not be
forced to testify against Tyson’s son.
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Tyson asked defendant to hide the gun used in the incident for which her
son was being charged. Defendant did not comply. Tyson buried the gun in her
backyard. At some point, defendant saw Tyson dig up the gun and hand it to Vadi.
Defendant helped Tyson obtain methamphetamine from Vadi, so Tyson
could sell it to pay her rent. Defendant agreed with Vadi that she would be responsible
for payment if necessary. On the day of the shooting, defendant approached Tyson to
request payment of the methamphetamine debt. Defendant noticed Tyson and Lauren
smoking the methamphetamine instead of selling it.
That night, defendant returned to Tyson’s house with Vadi, again to collect
payment for the methamphetamine. Defendant was not aware that Vadi had a gun.
Defendant knocked on the front door and talked to Tyson. After talking to Tyson,
defendant walked toward the backyard with Vadi to seize Tyson’s personal property, as a
way of collecting the drug debt. As defendant tried to climb over the wall to get into the
backyard, Vadi was in the backyard examining Tyson’s belongings. Tyson opened her
door and confronted defendant. When Tyson again refused to give anything to Vadi,
Vadi pulled out a gun and shot through the glass door.
Defendant heard the gun and the breaking glass, but ran home without
seeing the incident unfold. She did not know if anyone was actually shot. Defendant
denied ever handling a gun before, let alone on that day specifically. She denied
shooting Tyson and denied knowing Vadi was going to shoot her.
Rebuttal Testimony
The People recalled Brian Browne, a gang investigator with the Anaheim
Police Department, as a rebuttal witness. Browne explained he had primary
responsibility for investigating the C.K.A. gang between 2008 and 2010 (through and
including May 2010, when the crime at issue occurred). Browne had never heard of the
name “Vadi” or “Prowler” in association with the C.K.A. gang prior to the incident in
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question. Browne did not recall ever seeing any graffiti with the name Vadi or Prowler in
the neighborhoods he investigated. After Browne’s rebuttal testimony, the parties rested
and the trial court gave instructions to the jury before adjourning for the day.
Motion to Reopen Case
The next morning, before closing argument, defense counsel moved to
reopen the case to offer surrebuttal evidence. Defense counsel’s offer of proof consisted
of two photographs depicting “the word ‘Prowler’ in silver spray paint, and it’s crossed
out in red paint.” The photographs were taken by the defense investigator the night
before (Jan. 30, 2012), in the neighborhood of the crime at issue. Defense counsel asked
to call the defense investigator and a local resident who would testify that she estimated
the graffiti had been present for two months. Defendant offered this evidence to rebut the
police officer’s testimony that he had never heard of “Prowler.” Defense counsel
estimated it would take seven minutes to present the evidence.
The prosecutor, suggesting the evidence might have been fabricated by
defendant’s family, stated that the police were called out to inspect the graffiti the
previous night by defendant’s mother, who had sat in the courtroom the previous day.
The defense investigator arrived while the police were responding to the call from
defendant’s mother. The prosecutor also argued that the appearance of graffiti
identifying Prowler in late 2011 was irrelevant to the time period at issue (i.e., May
2010). Finally, the prosecutor complained that Browne was not available to testify in
order to respond to the new evidence should it be admitted. Thus, the trial would be
delayed if the court agreed to allow the prosecutor to recall Browne to the stand.
The court denied the defendant’s motion to reopen. The court reasoned that
the graffiti was, at most, two months old. The relevant time period to impeach Browne
was between 2008 and 2010. Moreover, nothing in the offer of proof suggested that the
Prowler named in the graffiti was related to the Vadi/Prowler identified by defendant as
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the perpetrator of the attempted murder. As the court explained, “I don’t know whether
somebody new named Prowler came along after the incident.”
DISCUSSION
The Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion by Denying the Motion to Reopen
Defendant contends the court abused its discretion by denying her motion
to reopen the case for surrebuttal evidence, thereby impinging upon her constitutional
rights to due process and a fair trial. In particular, defendant claims she was prevented
from rebutting Browne’s testimony, which arguably called into question defendant’s
testimony that Vadi was a C.K.A. gang member, with the moniker Prowler, at the time of
Tyson’s shooting in 2010. Browne’s lack of familiarity with the names Vadi or Prowler
during his stint as the primary investigator of the C.K.A. gang from 2008 to 2010 may
have affected the jury’s evaluation of defendant’s testimony.
Pursuant to Penal Code sections 1093 and 1094, trial courts have
“discretion to order the case reopened” for the presentation of additional evidence.
(People v. Funes (1994) 23 Cal.App.4th 1506, 1520.) “In determining whether a trial
court has abused its discretion in denying a defense request to reopen, the reviewing court
considers the following factors: ‘(1) the stage the proceedings had reached when the
motion was made; (2) the defendant’s diligence (or lack thereof) in presenting the new
evidence; (3) the prospect that the jury would accord the new evidence undue emphasis;
and (4) the significance of the evidence.’” (People v. Jones (2003) 30 Cal.4th 1084,
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1110.)
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“When the question on appeal is whether the trial court has abused its
discretion, the showing is insufficient if it presents facts which merely afford an
opportunity for a difference of opinion. An appellate tribunal is not authorized to
substitute its judgment for that of the trial judge. [Citation.] A trial court’s exercise of
discretion will not be disturbed unless it appears that the resulting injury is sufficiently
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The first two factors are inconclusive. As to the first factor, defense
counsel’s request to reopen was made the morning after the close of evidence and the
instruction of the jury, before closing argument had begun — i.e., not too late in the
game. But the case was ready to be submitted to the jury after closing argument (which
proceeded immediately after the court denied the motion), and the prosecutor stated he
wished to recall Browne (who was not available that day) to respond to the new evidence
should it be admitted. Thus, granting the motion potentially could have led to significant
delay even though defense counsel estimated a need for only seven minutes to present the
Prowler graffiti evidence. As to the second factor, it did not become apparent that the
lack of graffiti identifying Vadi or Prowler would be prosecution evidence in the case
until Browne’s rebuttal testimony at the close of evidence. On the other hand,
defendant’s theory of the case was that Vadi/Prowler was a C.K.A. gang member who
shot Tyson. And there are indications in the record that defendant’s family reported the
graffiti to police and defense counsel. Reasonable minds can disagree about whether the
timing of the discovery of the Prowler graffiti speaks to the diligence of defendant or
defense counsel.
The key to our conclusion that the court did not abuse its discretion is the
lack of significance of the proffered evidence and the prospect that the jury might accord
undue emphasis to essentially irrelevant evidence. The evidence proved (at best) that the
word “Prowler” was spray painted on a wall two months prior to the end of trial, about
one and one-half years after the attempted murder of Tyson. Defendant did not offer to
prove who performed the graffiti or to prove (perhaps through expert testimony) the
meaning of the graffiti. It is difficult to understand how this evidence supported the
defense theory of the case (i.e., that a C.K.A. gang member named Vadi/Prowler shot
grave to manifest a miscarriage of justice. [Citation.] In other words, discretion is
abused only if the court exceeds the bounds of reason, all of the circumstances being
considered.” (People v. Stewart (1985) 171 Cal.App.3d 59, 65.)
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Tyson because of a drug debt). It was already undisputed that someone named Vadi was
present on the night of the shooting. Defendant ascribed gang membership and drug
dealing to Vadi, attributes that might make a jury more likely to believe he would shoot
Tyson. But the fact that someone wrote Prowler on a wall, by itself, is not evidence that
there is an individual named Prowler in the C.K.A. gang (either in 2010 or late 2011), or
that Prowler had a relationship to the individual known as Vadi who was present on the
night of Tyson’s shooting. It certainly has no bearing on the question of who pulled the
trigger. The proof offered by defense counsel was irrelevant to the issues presented in
this case. (See People v. Marshall (1996) 13 Cal.4th 799, 836 [“Although a criminal
defendant is constitutionally entitled to present all relevant evidence of significant
probative value in his favor, this does not mean the court must allow an unlimited inquiry
into collateral matters; the proffered evidence must have more than slight relevancy”].)
Moreover, the Prowler graffiti evidence would not have logically
impeached Browne. Browne testified about his lack of knowledge linking Vadi or
Prowler to the C.K.A. gang from 2008 to 2010. Even if the jury were to believe (without
any evidence to support such inferences) the graffiti was legitimate C.K.A. gang graffiti
performed by someone identifying himself as Prowler, this evidence would not impeach
Browne’s testimony that he was unaware of any indication (including graffiti) from 2008
to 2010 that Vadi/Prowler was a member of C.K.A. There would have been a danger,
however, that the jury could have placed undue emphasis on the existence of this graffiti
for purposes of impeaching Browne (at least in the absence of the prosecutor being
allowed to recall Browne to clarify his earlier testimony). In sum, the court was well
within its discretion in denying defendant’s motion to reopen for surrebuttal evidence.
The Court Properly Imposed a Section 1202.4 Restitution Fine
Defendant claims the court erred by imposing a $10,000 restitution fine
pursuant to Penal Code section 1202.4 (section 1202.4). At the time of defendant’s
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offense (May 2010), this statute stated, “(b) In every case where a person is convicted of
a crime, the court shall impose a separate and additional restitution fine, unless it finds
compelling and extraordinary reasons for not doing so, and states those reasons on the
record. [¶] (1) The restitution fine shall be set at the discretion of the court and
commensurate with the seriousness of the offense, but shall not be less than two hundred
dollars ($200), and not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), if the person is
convicted of a felony . . . .” (Stats. 2009, ch. 454, § 1.) Defendant did not object or argue
against the imposition of the maximum fine by the court.
Defendant chose not to speak with the probation department after her
conviction. At that time, the court specifically ordered defendant “to prepare and file a
disclosure identifying all assets, income, and liabilities . . . .” At sentencing, the court
cited defendant’s failure to prepare a financial disclosure form as one reason for its
selection of the $10,000 amount. The applicable version of section 1202.4, subdivision
(f)(5), provided in relevant part that “the defendant shall prepare and file a disclosure
identifying all assets, income, and liabilities . . . as of the date of the defendant’s arrest for
the crime for which restitution may be ordered.” (Stats. 2009, ch. 454, § 1.) The
applicable version of section 1202.4, subdivision (f)(9), stated in relevant part that “[t]he
court may consider a defendant’s unreasonable failure to make a complete disclosure
pursuant to paragraph (5) as any of the following: [¶] . . . [¶] (D) A factor indicating that
the interests of justice would not be served by imposing less than the maximum fine and
sentence fixed by law for the case.” (Stats. 2009, ch. 454, § 1.)
Defendant argues on appeal that the court overemphasized her failure to
comply with financial disclosure obligations, particularly because the court could have
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referred to other sources for an overview of defendant’s financial circumstances. But
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Pursuant to the applicable version of Penal Code section 1202.4,
subdivision (f)(6), a financial affidavit filed to obtain the appointment of counsel “shall
serve in lieu of the financial disclosure required” by section 1202.4. (Stats. 2009, ch.
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defendant’s failure to object below precludes her argument that the court abused its
discretion. (People v. Garcia (2010) 185 Cal.App.4th 1203, 1218 [“An objection to the
amount of restitution may be forfeited if not raised in the trial court”].) The $10,000 fine
selected by the court was within the range provided by the statute. Thus, defendant
cannot contest the particular amount selected on appeal without having objected at the
sentencing hearing.
We also note that defendant’s arguments that the fine was unconstitutional
fail on the merits. For one, the jury was not required to select the amount of the fine.
(People v. Kramis (2012) 209 Cal.App.4th 346, 349-352 [United States Supreme Court
precedents requiring a jury rather than the court to make necessary factual determinations
resulting in punishment do not apply to the court’s imposition of the maximum $10,000
restitution fine].) And there was no ex post facto violation because the statutory
maximum restitution fine was $10,000 both at the time of defendant’s crime and in
subsequent versions of section 1202.4. (Compare Stats. 2009, ch. 454, § 1 with § 1202.4,
subd. (b)(1).)
The Court Incorrectly Calculated Conduct Credits
The court agreed with the prosecutor’s argument at the sentencing hearing
that defendant was not entitled to any presentence conduct credit. On appeal, the parties
agree defendant is entitled to 107 days of presentence conduct credit, representing 15
454, § 1.) Presumably, defendant filed an earlier disclosure to obtain appointed counsel.
Despite defendant’s lack of cooperation in their investigation, the probation department
had some information regarding defendant’s finances. The $10,000 restitution fine
exceeded the recommended fine in the probation report ($3,000), which also mentioned
that it appeared defendant did not have the ability to pay the costs to prepare the report.
The court separately found defendant lacked the ability to pay a separate $100 fine; it is
unclear what the court examined in making this finding. In sum, it appears the court was
on notice at least in general of defendant’s lack of assets to pay $10,000. But the court
also observed that the $10,000 restitution fine could be collected “from the defendant’s
earnings in prison . . . .”
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percent of her 713 actual days in custody. (See Pen. Code, §§ 2933.1, 4019; People v.
Brewer (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 457, 460-464.) We agree with the parties’ analysis.
DISPOSITION
The judgment is modified to award defendant 107 days of conduct credit.
The trial court is directed to prepare an amended abstract of judgment and forward a
certified copy to the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. The judgment is
affirmed as modified.
IKOLA, J.
WE CONCUR:
BEDSWORTH, ACTING P. J.
MOORE, J.
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