Filed 1/7/14 P. v. Wright CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E057080
v. (Super.Ct.No. FMB1100044)
VIRGILIA DEMETERIO WRIGHT, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. Daniel W.
Detienne, Judge. Affirmed.
Joanna Rehm, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Eric A. Swenson and Elizabeth M.
Carino, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
1
The People charged defendant and appellant Virgilia Demeterio Wright by
information with theft from a dependent adult (count 1 – Pen. Code, § 368, subd. (d))1
and grand theft by embezzlement (count 2 – § 487, subd. (a)). Defendant entered into a
plea agreement in which she pled nolo contendere to count 1, and count 2 was dismissed.
Pursuant to her plea agreement, the court sentenced defendant to 36 months of felony
probation; however, the court reserved jurisdiction on the imposition of victim restitution
as a term of defendant’s probation.
After a two-day restitution hearing, the court ordered defendant pay total
restitution of $35,600 to the victim. On appeal, defendant contends the court erred in
admitting page two of exhibit 4, ordering $6,600 in restitution for money taken from the
victim’s Pacific Marine bank account, and $22,000 in restitution for money received from
the victim’s aunt. We affirm.
FACTS2
The victim, a 47-year-old man diagnosed as having the mental capacity of a
10 year old, lived with his mother who assisted him with his financial matters until she
passed away in February 2009. The defendant, an acquaintance of the victim’s mother,
assumed caretaking duties over the victim after his mother died, as she had previously
1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise indicated.
2 The parties stipulated the police report and complaint would provide the factual
basis for the plea. Although the police report is contained in the record, we take a portion
of our statement of the facts from the probation report because the police report was not
admitted into evidence at the restitution hearing, while the probation officer’s report was.
2
promised the victim’s mother she would. The victim had worked full time as a janitor on
a Marine base for the preceding 23 years. He earned approximately $1,400 a month.
The victim testified he and his mother owned a home together. On March 12,
2009, defendant and the victim signed a contract in which they agreed to repay a loan
from the victim’s aunt and uncle, Roberta and John Gunderson, for $2,150; the purpose
of the loan was to pay for “remodification fees of $1500.00 and the first month[’]s
mortgage [payment] of $650.00.” The victim’s home was foreclosed upon shortly after
his mother died. Defendant admitted to the probation officer she lived with the victim in
the home for six months after the victim’s mother died; she reported they were evicted
because the victim did not pay the bills. Thereafter, the two lived in an apartment from
which they were evicted after two months for failure to pay rent.
The victim testified he never had possession of an ATM card with respect to his
Pacific Marine bank account. Rather, defendant had obtained possession of the card and
used it to make unauthorized withdrawals from his account. Defendant was later found
in possession of the victim’s ATM card. Defendant was shown printouts reflecting she
had visited casinos 20 to 25 times per month during which she withdrew money from the
victim’s bank account.
The victim informed the probation officer defendant would give him
approximately $10 to $15 of his money each week, and withdraw the rest to spend
gambling at local casinos. The victim reported being evicted from two residences
because defendant failed to pay rent.
3
Defendant received another $22,000 from Roberta Gunderson to pay for the
victim’s care. Instead, she used the money to gamble. Defendant admitted to the
probation officer she received thousands of dollars from the victim’s aunt that was for the
victim, but which she kept for herself. When asked on what she spent the money,
defendant responded, “[i]t’s personal.” She admitted she had no intention of paying the
money back.
Defendant acknowledged receiving $22,000 from the victim’s aunt that defendant
owed her. The victim wrote a letter that was attached to the probation officer’s report
which reads, in pertinent part, “[m]y [a]unt [] [] sent [defendant] over $20,000 since my
mother died because she said she needed it to care for me. I never saw any of it and no
bills were paid, and she didn’t pay rent so I got evicted twice.”
The victim owned a 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt worth $7,000 that defendant convinced
him to put her name on the title so it would be easier to pay registration and make repairs.
She admitted selling the vehicle without the victim’s knowledge or permission.
After the victim was evicted from his last residence, he showed up at his mother’s
next door neighbor’s home with nowhere to live and no money; he moved in with them.
Sometime thereafter, on August 20, 2010, defendant attempted to force the victim into
her car to take him to the bank and withdraw money for her. The neighbor with whom
the victim was living was the reporting party. Police arrested defendant on February 9,
2011.
4
The sentencing court originally reserved jurisdiction over victim restitution as
conditions of defendant’s probation for a future contested restitution hearing; however,
the sentencing minute order reflects two conditions of defendant’s probation, terms 17
and 18, required defendant to pay victim restitution of $32,097 to the victim and $22,000
to Roberta Gunderson, respectively. At the beginning of the restitution hearing, the court
noted the error, and corrected the record to reflect terms 17 and 18 had been suspended to
be reserved for imposition after completion of the restitution hearing.
DISCUSSION
A. Admission of Exhibit 4.
During the restitution hearing, the People sought to lay the foundation for
introduction of exhibit 4 into evidence.3 Defendant’s counsel objected noting “[t]his
seems to be evidence of an outside contract. It is not any kind of agreement to pay [the]
[victim] anything.” The court responded, “[w]ell, since this is a restitution hearing I have
wide latitude to admit all kinds of documents that [are] hearsay. Overruled, but it will be
subject to a motion to strike later.”
The victim testified the money loaned by his uncle and aunt to he and defendant
was for the purpose of taking care of him. The prosecutor asked if the victim had ever
3 Exhibit 4 is a two-page document. The first page is a promissory note dated
March 12, 2009, signed by defendant and the victim, promising to pay Roberta and John
Gunderson $2,150 as soon as possible, but no longer than within three years. It reflects
that $1,500 is for “remodification fees” and $650 is for the first month’s mortgage
payment. It additionally indicates the victim and defendant will repay the $1,500 for the
first and last months’ rent when the property is re-rented.
5
seen the second page and if he knew what it was. The victim responded, “[s]ummary of
money and dates.” The prosecutor then asked if he had ever talked about the money his
aunt had lent defendant to take care of him. The victim answered he had not and did not
know how much money his aunt lent defendant.
The second page of exhibit 4 appears to have a Post-it with John Gunderson’s
name placed over a portion of a copy of the promissory note. However, it additionally
contains a list of 12 dates beginning with March 1, 2009, and ending with March 25,
2010, with corresponding amounts of money. At the bottom of the list is an amount
totaling $24,250. The exhibit does not specify to whom the money was given, if it was
also a loan, or for what purpose the money was given.
At the end of the hearing, defendant’s counsel again objected to admission of
exhibit 4, this time on the basis of relevance. Counsel noted the second page of the
exhibit had not been authenticated by anyone. The court ruled “[s]ince this is a
restitution hearing and the rights of a defendant are severely limited, and hearsay
documents are generally admissible, I’ll admit it into evidence and just give it whatever
weight I think it deserves.”
On appeal, defendant contends the court abused its discretion in admitting the
second page of exhibit 4 into evidence. We disagree.
A restitution hearing does not require any particular kind of proof. (People v.
Holmberg (2011) 195 Cal.App.4th 1310, 1320 citing People v. Keichler (2005) 129
Cal.App.4th 1039, 1048.) Indeed, “‘“‘“‘[S]entencing judges are given virtually unlimited
6
discretion as to the kind of information they can consider and the source . . . whence it
comes.’ [Citation.]” [Citation.] [¶] This is so because a hearing to establish the amount
of restitution does not require the formalities of other phases of a criminal prosecution.
[Citation.]’”’ [Citation.]” (People v. Brunette (2011) 194 Cal.App.4th 268, 284.) We
review the admission of evidence relied upon to support the court’s restitution order for
abuse of discretion. (People v. Phu (2009) 179 Cal.App.4th 280, 283-284 [Trial court
restitution order based on speculative date of the beginning of the diversion of electrical
power reasonably corroborated by other evidence and proper where goal is to fully
compensate victim.].)
Here, although at the hearing the victim could not testify as to what the second
page of exhibit 4 represented, he had previously informed the probation officer “[m]y
[a]unt [] [] sent [defendant] over $20,000 since my mother died because she said she
needed it to care for me. I never saw any of it and no bills were paid, and she didn’t pay
rent so I got evicted twice.” Defendant acknowledged to the probation officer she had
received $22,000 from the victim’s aunt. Page two was attached to page one, which was
properly authenticated by both the victim and defendant. Page two appeared to have a
Post-it with the victim’s uncle’s name printed on it.
Moreover, several of the apparent deposit amounts and dates reflected on page two
are reflected in the bank statements admitted at trial. Finally, it is notable that the total
reflected on page two, $24,250, is only a $100 difference between the total of the $22,000
defendant admitted she owed to the victim’s aunt and the $2,150 reflected in the
7
promissory note on page one. Thus, the court acted within its discretion in admitting
exhibit 4 in its entirety.
B. Restitution in the Amount of $22,000.
Defendant contends the court abused its discretion in awarding $22,000 in
restitution to the victim when the evidence established this was a loan to her from the
victim’s aunt, not to the victim. We disagree.
“[W]e review the trial court’s restitution order for abuse of discretion.
[Citations.]” (People v. Giordano (2007) 42 Cal.4th 644, 663-664.) “While we review
all restitution orders for abuse of discretion, we note that the scope of a trial court’s
discretion is broader when restitution is imposed as a condition of probation.” (Id. at
p. 664, fn. 7.)
“‘At a victim restitution hearing, a prima facie case for restitution is made by
the People based in part on a victim’s testimony on, or other claim or statement of,
the amount of his or her economic loss. [Citations.] “Once the victim has [i.e.,
the People have] made a prima facie showing of his or her loss, the burden shifts to
the defendant to demonstrate that the amount of the loss is other than that
claimed by the victim. [Citations.]” [Citation.]’” (People v. Watson (Oct. 8, 2013,
D061668) __ Cal.App.4th __ [2013 WL 5530341].)
“Further ‘the standard of proof at a restitution hearing is by a preponderance of the
evidence, not proof beyond a reasonable doubt. [Citation.] “If the circumstances
reasonably justify the [trial court’s] findings,” the judgment may not be overturned when
8
the circumstances might also reasonably support a contrary finding.’ [Citations.] In
reviewing the evidence, we do not reweigh or reinterpret it; we only determine whether
there is sufficient evidence to support the inference drawn by the trier of fact.” (People v.
Tabb (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 1142, 1153.)
“[T]he trial court is entitled to consider the probation report when determining the
amount of restitution. A property owner’s statements in the probation report about the
value of her property should be accepted as prima facie evidence of value for purposes of
restitution. [Citation.]” (People v. Foster (1993) 14 Cal.App.4th 939, 946-947 [Fourth
Dist., Div. Two], superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in People v. Birkett
(1999) 21 Cal.4th 226, 238-245.) The “‘object of restitution is to restore the status quo
by returning to the plaintiff funds in which he or she has an ownership interest.’
[Citation.]” (People v. Giordano, supra, 42 Cal.4th 644 at p. 658.)
Here, the court imposed restitution as a term of defendant’s probation;4 thus, its
discretion is even broader than that exercised when otherwise ordering restitution.
Defendant admitted receiving $22,000 from the victim’s aunt. Although defendant
informed the probation officer she owed the money to the victim’s aunt, she never
characterized the money as a loan. On the other hand, the victim informed the probation
officer his aunt had sent defendant over $20,000 in order to care for him. He “never saw
any of it and no bills were paid, and she didn’t pay rent so I got evicted twice.”
4Indeed, apparently defendant had been making one hundred dollar monthly
payments toward the victim restitution in term 17 of her probation conditions as
erroneously reflected in the sentencing minute order.
9
As the court explained, “[i]t seems to me that this money was for him, and if I
made a restitution order to him of $22,000, then it would be between him and the aunt
whether he paid it back.” Thus, it was within the trial court’s discretion to conclude the
money was a gift or loan from the victim’s aunt to the victim entrusted to defendant to
care for the victim. Defendant’s failure to use the money to care for the victim supported
the ordered restitution.
C. Restitution in the Amount of $6,600.
Defendant contends the court abused its discretion in awarding restitution in the
amount of $6,600 because the victim withdrew the majority of the funds himself. We
disagree.
The People adduced evidence of the victim’s bank statements from Pacific Marine
Credit Union, which reflected a total amount of withdrawals of $6,595.755 between
January 8, 2010, and August 6, 2010. Many of these withdrawals were made at local
casinos. The victim testified he did not have an ATM card for his account, defendant did,
and defendant’s withdrawals were unauthorized. The victim also testified defendant
would phone him on various occasions and ask that he put money in her account.
The victim informed the probation officer defendant would give him only $10 to
$15 a week for food; she would spend the remainder of his paychecks on gambling at
local casinos. Defendant and the victim were evicted from two residences due to
5 Defendant’s opening brief reflects a figure of $6,571.75 which is $24 less than
our figure. Our figure is obtained by totaling the victim’s list of unauthorized
transactions in exhibit 1, which includes a $24 withdrawal on June 26, 2010.
10
defendant’s failure to pay rent. Moreover, defendant apparently had complete control
over the victim’s finances from February 2009 to August 20, 2010, when the victim
showed up at the reporting parties’ home without any money or a place to stay. The bank
statements reflecting defendant’s withdrawals from the victim’s account only began in
January 2010; thus, at least 10 months’ worth of defendant’s control over the victim’s
finances were not reflected in the exhibits adduced at trial. Therefore, the court acted
within its broad discretion in ordering restitution in the amount of $6,600.
Defendant argues the victim made all the withdrawals himself, predating his report
to the bank of unauthorized withdrawals beginning on June 26, 2010. She maintains she
can only be held responsible for those withdrawals totaling $1,829.75,6 which appear on
the victim’s report of unauthorized withdrawals. However, the court observed, “[t]he
Pacific Bank, $6,600, it was pretty clear from [the] [victim’s] testimony that was his
account. He never gave [the] [defendant] permission to use the money from that account
and the defendant, I think it is clear, took some of his money, she said she had a gambling
problem, so I am going to award $6,600 from the Pacific Bank account” to the victim.
Indeed, as discussed above, the victim indicated he never had an ATM card on the
account, but defendant did. Moreover, it was within the court’s discretion to make a
credibility determination that any withdrawals made by the low functioning and illiterate
6Defendant’s brief actually lists three figures: $1,820.79, $1, 829.79, and
$1,829.75. We are using the correct figure $1,829.75.
11
victim himself were coerced by the defendant and used by her for herself. The court’s
ordered restitution was within broad discretion.
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
RAMIREZ
P. J.
We concur:
RICHLI
J.
CODRINGTON
J.
12
People v. Wright CA4/2
Combined Opinion