FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
LOS ANGELES UNIFIED SCHOOL No. 10-55879
DISTRICT,
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No.
2:09-cv-09289-
v. VBF-CT
MICHAEL GARCIA,
Defendant-Appellee. OPINION
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Valerie Baker Fairbank, District Judge, Presiding
Argued December 9, 2011
Submitted January 28, 2014
Pasadena, California
Filed January 28, 2014
Before: Alex Kozinski,* Chief Judge, and Barry G.
Silverman and Kim McLane Wardlaw, Circuit Judges.
Per Curiam Opinion
*
On January 9, 2014, Chief Judge Kozinski was drawn to replace the
late Judge B. Fletcher.
2 LAUSD V. GARCIA
SUMMARY**
Education Law
Affirming the district court’s judgment, the panel held,
pursuant to the Supreme Court of California’s answer to a
certified question, that when a student between the ages of 18
and 22 who is eligible for special education services in
California is incarcerated in a county jail, the cost of the
student’s education is borne by the school district where the
student’s parent resides.
COUNSEL
Barrett K. Green (argued) and Daniel L. Gonzalez, Littler
Mendelson, P.C., Los Angeles, California, for Plaintiff-
Appellant.
Paula D. Pearlman, Shawna L. Parks (argued), and Andrea F.
Oxman, Disability Rights Legal Center, Los Angeles,
California; Linda Dakin–Grimm, Daniel M. Perry, and
Delilah Vinzon, Milbank Tweed Hadley & McCloy, LLP,
Los Angeles, California, for Defendant-Appellee.
**
This summary constitutes no part of the opinion of the court. It has
been prepared by court staff for the convenience of the reader.
LAUSD V. GARCIA 3
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
When a student between the ages of 18 and 22 who is
eligible for special education services in California is
incarcerated in a county jail, who pays the cost of those
services? The school district of the student’s parent’s
residence? The county in which the jail is located? The State
of California? To find out, we certified a question of
California law—specifically, the interpretation of California
Education Code section 56041—to the Supreme Court of
California. L.A. Unified Sch. Dist. v. Garcia, 669 F.3d 956
(9th Cir. 2012).
On December 12, 2013, the California Supreme Court
gave its answer: The cost of the student’s education is borne
by the school district where the student’s parent resides. L.A.
Unified Sch. Dist. v. Garcia, 58 Cal. 4th 175, — P.3d —,
2013 WL 6501267 (2013). The facts of the case are detailed
in our order certifying the question to the California Supreme
Court, 669 F.3d at 958–59, and in the California Supreme
Court’s opinion, which is attached as an appendix to this
opinion. The district court had affirmed a 2009 decision of
the California Office of Administrative Hearings that the Los
Angeles Unified School District was responsible for
providing special education services to Michael Garcia.
Because the district court’s ruling is consistent with
California Supreme Court’s answer to the certified question,
its judgment is AFFIRMED.
4 LAUSD V. GARCIA
APPENDIX
LAUSD V. GARCIA 5
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 1 of 29
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6 LAUSD V. GARCIA
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 2 of 29
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2
LAUSD V. GARCIA 7
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 3 of 29
1 as dtr n stelcl dcto aa ec rso sbefr rvdn aseil
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8 LAUSD V. GARCIA
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 4 of 29
ohe eu ain ln p bi etisadofcas Beas teOA1 in t
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4
LAUSD V. GARCIA 9
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 5 of 29
cs. .911 VBF( x;e 2 U.. j11(()A)aypryagivd
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10 LAUSD V. GARCIA
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 6 of 29
rlvn prta teOAH cretydtr n dscin5 0 apist alct
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rq etadare t d cd tepofrdsae1w ise Wehv rfr ltd
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6
LAUSD V. GARCIA 11
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 7 of 29
teq et na fl wst cnom t Caio alw:ç e CaionaEd ct n
h u si s ol o o fr o l mi a ro s lfri uai
o o f o
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d eto 6 41whc rvds e rl hto u l ig u is ewen
y f
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DICUSI
S SON
p run t Caionascntuin ln sauoycmmad,tesaei
.usato lfri''o si t aa d tttr o n s h tt s
to
ol ae tpoie f e ul euain( 1C nta .I j5t al
bi tdo rvd a r pbi dct Ca. os. l X, )o l
g e c o ,4
cide bt e teae o 6a d1 y aswh aen t tewiee e tdfo
hlrn ewen h g s f n 8 er o r o ohr s xmpe rm
cmployflt o cniun euain( 420seCa. ntat1
o usr uli r ot ig dct j 80;e lCos. r.X,
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4
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8,8;oahn ..u r or(0 8 6 1 p4h 04 18-
o A
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0 1 e hl r on dludrh g f9 erhs en dnie
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s n n iiu l t u l ig iai y n a orcie ih co l
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d iin l eur h t e r h ae vial re p rpit u l
y c
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n rs n ce h DEA n re s nueht lci e t
t d
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iait a v i l o hm re p rpit u lc d cto ht
ie a
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mp aie p ca eu ain n eae evcs ein d o eter nqe
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ed .. 2 SC. 40d() ) h DE co lhsht bet
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ho g at eea fn ig drh DE tt s l be o eev
a g
fdrliaca assac freuaigdsbe suetb hvn i pae
eea fnn il sitn e o dct ia ld tdns y aig n lc
n
12 LAUSD V. GARCIA
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 8 of 29
p l isadpoeue tawi esr cmpln ewi craneu rtdg as
oi e n rcd rsht l nue o i c t eti n meae ol
c l a h
adpoeue.(0U... 11()C uto a Di ovC l Seil
n rcdrs 2 SC j 42a; o n fsn e . af p ca
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u. aig 'c 9h i.96 9 .d 48 16-4 2)
1
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n 9 0, l ri' a kr n ce o rhnie tmtr ce
f
t tu satal rsrcue Caio aste -xsigseil d ct nsse
hasbtnil etutrd l mi' hneitn p caeu ai ytm.
y f o
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itn wa t impo eseild ainpo rmsi Caionau drh feil
net so s rv p ca eucto rga n lfri n e te lxbe
i
porm dsg oteMatr lnfr pcaE uain'j500 adteey
rga ein fh s Pa o S eil dct '( 6 0) n hrb
e o
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n ac o l c t h eea fn ig eurmet fh DEA'
a h
pe eesrteEd ct no teHadcp e Ac, ihwa te tegv mig
rdcso,h u ai fh n iap d twhc sh n h o e n
o
fdrleilt n(e Hae vCo sino Sae nae (92
eealgsai se ys . mmiso n ttMad ts 19)
o
1 Ca.p .t 16,5 1.Sbeunt sae d i lmett no te
1 1 p4h 54 19) u sqeto ttwiempe nai fh
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sePa o pcaEdct Matr ln i 90 n ncmet fh
o
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DEA n 9 0 Cai ri' gsa e a otn e o me d h peil
f
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d cto tttsrfnn h se Pln n o fr n lfri a o
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ut r hne i h eearqi ns Se ei. ayt p, eve
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f p ca Ed ct n l ri,a. , 0 3p.
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h p/ l . gvl apl meu/ ci s uai . x a f c1,
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i
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st suac ht se prpitp bi dct 's vi lt 1
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a eemetagaad pert e lsro 0 ecn.C lona col
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A
F lF nigAco 20 , e. .3 ,0t C n .(9 92 0) 2)
ul udn t f 00SnNo24116h og,19-00 j .
8
LAUSD V. GARCIA 13
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 9 of 29
q aiidsuetrsdn i tesae (0U.. j11()1( .AF Ei
u l e tdns eiig n h tt. 2 SC. 42a() ) AP s
f A)
Speild cto adrltdsrie,'rvie a p bi ep newhc met
t caeu ain n eae evcs'po d d t u l x e s, ih e
s c
tesadrso tesaeseuainl gnya cnom t tesu ets
h tn ad fh tt' d cto aaec nd o fr o h tdn'
idvd aie eu ainpo rm. (0 SC. 4 19.To o lwi te
n iiu l d d cto rga 2 U.. j10() cmpy t h
z ) h
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DEA,h epo sbe ni s v laeh tdn, eemie i r e
t
eiiit frseil d ct nadsrie a d itesu etseiil,dv lp
l bly o p ca euai n evcs n , fh tdn i l be eeo
g i o g
adi lmet nidvdaie euain l rga . (0 SC. 11.
n mpe n a n iiul d d ct apo rm 2 U.. j 4 4
z o )
Un e teI $lci rnwi dsblisrsdn i teSaeb>en
drh DEA,$1hl e t iaite eiig n h tt e e
a d h i
teae o 3a d21icuie'r etldt aF E. (0 SC.
h g s f n , nlsv 'ae nie o AP 2 U..
t
j11()1( .T eeaehwee,eti l tdecpin tta
42a()A) hr r,o vrcr n i e xet soht
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nie n. r xmpe tt eevn e eafl ss o o l td o
t n g
po ieaF Et adsbe su et n etesu ethsbe a re arglr
rvd AP o iald tdn o c h tdn a en wadd eua
hg sho dpo .(4CFR. 3012a()i(03.)I adtn te
ih colilma 3 .. j 0 .0()3( 2 1) n d io,h
) i
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DEA o s o rq ie h ttso rvd AP o iald tdns gs 8
tru h21y asd o iteeu ainl lcmet ro t tericreaini
hog er s ,n h d cto apae n piro h i n acrt n
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n dlcret afcly j 1wee o atal dni d s en hl
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wi a iait ..o ()(1ddnt aea idvdaie euainporm
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h i z o
(0U.. j11()1( ()
2 SC. 4 2a()B)i.
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n h rsn mat , hr s o ip t h tu drh DEA n he
e
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lfri tttshtmpe n t oi e, h n iiul n oe eafhs
s c
ato wa bo g tGacawa ett dt cniu t rcieaFAP whl
cin s ru h, ri, s nil o ot eo eev
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nacrtdn ony al waudrh g f2 er, a o rcie
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ih co l ilma r te ie t rsr d ol, n , ro o i
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n iiu l d d ct apo rm Se j 62,u d() ,64,u d
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14 LAUSD V. GARCIA
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 10 of 29
Al o g teI S eurmett o ti fdrl'n igae
t u h h DEA'rq ie nso ban eeaf dn r
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sbtniliçç ae t teSae tepi r rso sbit frdv lpn ad
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xct dct aporms'odsbe mdns Shfe vWes
n o
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20) 4 S4,2qoi ad fEdo nik do nr Sho
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s, scetr ofy . wl 18) 5 S 16 1327) h DE
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pca èct rga i codne t t rvsos. eMacotr
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col s vCr n 1t r20) 0 3 ,0 ç' DE o ee
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t
icreae idvd l.Acodn t tefdrl p rmet f uains
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nlss f o nso rp sd hn e n h euain mpe nig h
I A,çhte ( c srie teiilicreae idvd asae rvdd
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LAUSD V. GARCIA 15
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 11 of 29
Th n ro q et npeetdfro rdcso iwheh ro eo te
e arw u si rsne o u eiin s te n fh
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po iin i Caionasseil d cto sh meta dsg ae teety
rvso sn lfri' p ca euain ce ht eintsh ni t
rso sbefr rvdn aseil d cto po rm,scin5 0 ,fie
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rso sblyfrma igaseil d ct nporm a ialt a eiil
ep niit o kn p ca euai rga valbeo n l be
i o g
y u gautbt e teae o 1 ad2 y aswh iicreae i cu t
o n d l ewen h gs f 8 n 2 er o sn acrtd n o ny
ji F rh raos icse blw, cnld ta,netecret
al o te esn dsusd eo we ocuehtudrh urn
.
samoysh metedtr n t no whc etyirs nil frpo iig
tt r ce ,h eemiai f ih ni seposbe o rvdn
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nin d b v,a kr ae te td o sue l ri'
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otn e eep feeafn ig y n cig eilto o o fr u tt'
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atnac seie isb iio () f et n424 adnt tsadn ay
t dnepcf dn udvs n ao Sci 80,n owi tn ig n
e i i o h
11
16 LAUSD V. GARCIA
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 12 of 29
ohrpo iino lw,ftsdtr n db teidvd aie euainporm
te rvso fa iii eemie y h n iiu l d d cto rga
z
ta ta seil d cto srie aerq ie by n tep pls1t brh a,
em h tp caeu ain evcs r eurd eo d h u i' 8h itdy
tedsrc o rsdn erso sbefr rviigseil d ct nadrltd
h itit feiec ep nil o po dn p ca e uai n eae
o
srie t p pi bt e tea e o 1 t 2 y asicu iesal easg e
evcso u l ewen h gs f 8 o 2 er,n lsv ,hlb sin d
s
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s ol :
o
taF r ocnevdppl,h lsdsit feiec iefcpiro
() o nnosre u i teatitcorsdnen fet r t
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teppl atiigteaeo maoi sal eo adrmana te
h uis t nn h g f jry hlbcme n e i sh
' a t
rso sbelcld ct nl gny a ln a a du tlh prn o p rns
ep nil o a euai aa ec, so g s n nite aet r aet
o t
rlct t anw dsrco rsdn e Athti ,h n w dsrc o rsdne
eoaeo e itit feiec. tatmete e itit f eiec
sal eo ters nillcl d cto a aec .
h lbcmeh epo sbe oa eu ain lgn y
çb Fr osre ppl,h dsitfeiec o tecnevtrhl
$ ) o cnevd u i te ir o rsdne fh osrao sal
( s tc
atc a drmanterso sbelcld cto a aec ,sln a adu tlh
tah n e i h ep nil o ae uain l gn y a o g s n nite
cnevtrrlctso anw o eiap itd Athti ,h n w dsrco
o srao eoae r e n s p one . ta tmete e itit f
rsdn esal tahadb cmeterso sbelcld cto aa ec .
eiec h latc n eo h ep nil oae u ainl g ny' '
( 50 1
j 64 .)
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h usin rsne o hs o rb h nh rut ut f p as
wh te scin5 0 apist d sg aeteetyrso sbefr rvdn
eh r eto 6 41 p le o eint h ni ep nil o po iig
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seildctnt a eiil 1-o2-erodcutjiimaeioe
pcaeuai o n l be 8 t 2ya-1 ony aln t,s n
o g
ivovngsauoycntuto .Toas rh t u sin weaeg ie b te
n li tttr o srcin nweta q eto , r udd y h
o eac igpicpeta orts $çst dtr n teitn o tee cig
vrrhn rn il ht u ak :i o eemieh net fh nat n
b d s tate1w ma rcieteitrrtt ntab sefcutsta itn.
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s oe n re t eemiet cp n up s n o amo ieh
s
1
2
LAUSD V. GARCIA 17
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 13 of 29
v ro s rso teeat n.lteln ug i cercutmut eeal
aiu pat fh ncmet fh ag ae s la, o rs sg nrl y
fl w is anmenn u ls aleaitrrtto wo l rsli asr
ol tpli aig nes irlnepeain ud eutn bud
o t
cneu n e teLe iltr ddn tne d'(olino ocre
o sq e csh gsaue i o itn .' C aio fc nend
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mmu ii ,n .. t f o Anee 2 0) 4 1t 3,3 .
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eea matrscin 6 4 , u dvs n a(eef r 64()
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asg srso iit frpo iigseil d cto adrltdsrie t
sin ep nsbly o rvdn p ca eu ain n eae evcso
i
to cnevdp pl'bt e teae o 1 t 2 y ast tesh o dsrc i
ç n o sre u i ' ewen h gs f 8 o 2 er o h c o l ititn
n s
whc tep plsprn o prnsrsd. Aspeiul meto e , t te
ih h u i' aet r aet eie . rvosy nin dboh h
fdrl itito radteOAlrl du o tepanln ug o scin
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64()o ocu ehtbsd nh oai f ri' te'rsdne t
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Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 14 of 29
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LAUSD V. GARCIA 21
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LAUSD V. GARCIA 23
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24 LAUSD V. GARCIA
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 20 of 29
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LAUSD V. GARCIA 25
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 21 of 29
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26 LAUSD V. GARCIA
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 22 of 29
8,0( e lwmaesh oe ra sauoylnug its nmp rn ta
39 whn a krcosbod tttr agaeçiu i ot tht
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LAUSD V. GARCIA 27
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 23 of 29
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d e iv o l
28 LAUSD V. GARCIA
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 24 of 29
Un e teEd cto Co e acu t sprnedn o sh oswi teasn o
drh u ain d, o ny u eitn et fc o l, t h set f
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bi n .
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e o
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24
LAUSD V. GARCIA 29
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 25 of 29
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n ral r bud o sq ecs A. iids ru n eciig h
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e
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o
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y h c
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rvd peil d cto o n l be u iad o t l ne no u h
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otat. Se 66. reiw fh pcaeuai ce icoe
o
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h pca eu ain fn iiu l u i ho g rga itie y te
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t e)
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30 LAUSD V. GARCIA
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 26 of 29
Amiu cra CaionaSh o BorsAsoito cuin ta ee
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) h i i h
rq ie tr o acnrc bt e sholdsrcsadoh retisfrte .
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t
poiino seildct nsrie i cutji, sho dsr ts o
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LAUSD V. GARCIA 31
Case: 10-55879 12/17/2013 ID: 8911992 DktEntry: 63 Page: 27 of 29
caiiainin ee ,c o l ititaefe t se frh rato b te
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h f i
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i e , mi
apialt tecu tjistn .I teasneo sc lgsaieatnwe
p l beoh ony alet g nh bec fuh eilt ci ,
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cn ld frterao sepanda o etateasg met frso sblyfr
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