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BY
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION II
In the-Matter of the Marriage of:
CHAD MITCHELL BURTON,
Respondent, No. 43997 -2 -II
on UNPUBLISHED OPINION
DEBORAH RENEE BURTON,
Appellant.
MAXA, J. — Deborah Burton appeals a decree of dissolution, property distribution, and
parenting plan following the dissolution of her marriage to Chad Burton. She claims that the
trial court erred in ( 1) not hearing testimony from a psychologist who evaluated the parties, ( 2)
not including a provision in the decree allowing her to regain primary custody of her children,
3) making one -sided findings of fact negative to her, ( 4) not entering judgment for her share of
the community property, ( 5) ordering maintenance for only six months, ( 6) incorrectly
determining the separation date, and ( 7) not awarding attorney fees on the basis of need. We
disagree and affirm.
No. 43997 -2 -II
FACTS
The Burtons married on July 12, 1997. In March 2009 Chad' moved out of the family
home after a domestic violence incident. They had three children during their marriage, who
were ages 7, 9 and 12 at the time of trial. Deborah did not work outside the home during their
marriage. Chad was a partner in a financial planning firm, earning a net income of $10, 000 per
2
month . He also co -owned the firm' s business office building.
In January 2010, Chad filed a dissolution petition. On February 19, 2010, the trial court
ordered the parties to have an evaluation to assess their mental health and their interaction with
the children. Jeffrey Foster, a family therapist, spent a year evaluating the Burton family and
concluded in his February 2011 report that Chad should have primary residential custody of the
children and that Deborah should undergo psychological and chemical dependency evaluations
and begin psychotherapy. He also recommended that Deborah' s time with the children be
professionally supervised for a minimum of 60 days.
In May 2011, Landon Poppleton, a clinical and forensic psychologist, conducted a
bilateral custody evaluation of the Burton family. He described Chad and Deborah as engaged in
situational couple violence ", which he defined as " a pattern of domestic conflict resulting from
situations or arguments between partners that escalate on occasion into physical violence." Ex. 1
Poppleton) at 2 ( emphasis omitted). Poppleton also expressed concern for the children because
of their exposure to and involvement in the parental conflict. He recommended that Deborah
Because the parties in this case share the same last name, we refer to them by their first names.
We intend no disrespect.
2 Deborah argues, based on Chad' s 2011 income tax return, that Chad' s monthly income was
19, 000. The trial court accepted Brad' s$ 10, 000 per month figure based on his 2012 income.
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have primary residential custody. But in a follow - p evaluation to assess parental alienation and
u
domestic violence issues, Poppleton recommended that Chad have primary residential custody
and that Deborah get mental health treatment. He also recommended that Deborah could regain
primary residential custody if she learned to manage her emotions and reactivity and to stop
drawing the children into the conflict.
At trial, Chad presented Foster as a witness, introduced Foster' s and Poppleton' s reports,
and testified on his own behalf. Deborah represented herself and testified on her own behalf, but
did not call any other witnesses.
The trial court awarded Chad primary residential custody. It also awarded Deborah
4, 500 per month for 38 months as a property award ( representing one -half of the value of
Chad' s business and office building) and $ 1, 000 per month for 6 months of maintenance
beginning in June 2012. The trial court did not award fees or costs to either party.
ANALYSIS
A. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Trial court decisions in dissolution proceedings will seldom be changed on appeal. In re
Marriage of Griffin, 114 Wn.2d 772, 776, 791 P. 2d 519 ( 1990). We review such decisions for
manifest abuse of discretion. In re Marriage of Cota, _ Wn. App. _, 312 P. 3d 695, 699
2013). " ` A trial court abuses its discretion if its decision is manifestly unreasonable or based
on untenable grounds or untenable reasons.' " In re Marriage ofMuhammad, 153 Wn.2d 795,
803, 108 P. 3d 779 ( 2005) ( quoting In re Marriage ofLittlefield, 133 Wn.2d 39, 46 -47, 940 P. 2d
1362 ( 1997)).
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No. 43997 -2 -II
B. EVALUATOR' S TESTIMONY AT TRIAL
Deborah argues that the trial court erred in not allowing Poppleton to testify. She claims
that he was the more qualified witness and had worked extensively with the family, and that she
wanted him to testify. She argues that the trial court applied two improper rationales: ( 1) the
trial court was too busy and (2) Deborah could not afford to pay Poppleton. She characterizes
the trial court' s decision as a " bait -and- switch" in that it first told her that she could call
Poppleton but then refused. Br. of Appellant at at 9 -10.
However, the trial court never ruled that Poppleton could not testify. The trial court told
Deborah the first day of trial that if she wanted him to testify, she would have to get him to come
to court. RP 32. She responded, " That would be very easy to do." Report of Proceedings ( RP) at
32. That afternoon, Deborah asked the trial court if she could call Poppleton to testify the next
day. The trial court responded, "[ N] o, because I' ve got other things going on tomorrow. If you
call Dr. Poppleton, you would probably have to pay Dr. Poppleton to show up.... [ H] e' d
probably charge you for that." RP at 155. After the trial court informed Deborah that Chad was
not going to call Poppleton and would only rely on Poppleton' s reports, it told Deborah, " If you
want to bring in Dr. Poppleton ... then you' d have to contact him, probably you' d have to pay
him.... And you' d have to get him here." RP at 190.
In none of these interactions did the trial court refuse to hear testimony from Poppleton.
Instead, the trial court was explaining to Deborah, who was acting pro se, what she needed to do
if she wanted Poppleton' s testimony. Further, Deborah fails to identify what information
Poppleton would provide that was not available in his reports. The trial court did not refuse
Poppleton' s testimony and did not deny Deborah a fair trial.
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No. 43997 -2 -II
C. PARENTING PLAN
1. Child Custody
Deborah argues that the trial court erred in not including a provision in the parenting plan
that would allow her to regain primary custody of the children. She argues that both parent
evaluators made such a recommendation and the trial court indicated in its oral ruling that
custody might revert back to the wife under certain conditions, but that the trial court abused its
discretion in omitting it from the final parenting plan.
The trial court has broad discretion in formulating a parenting plan. In re Marriage of
Katare, 175 Wn.2d 23, 35, 283 P. 3d 546 ( 2012). We will not reverse unless the decision is
manifestly unreasonable or based on untenable grounds or reasons. In re Marriage ofKovacs,
121 Wn. 2d 795, 801 & n. 10, 854 P. 2d 629 ( 1993). The trial court' s primary concern in
establishing parenting plans is to serve the best interests of the children. RCW 26. 09.002.
Here, the trial court followed the experts' recommendation, giving Chad primary
residential custody. The trial court had no obligation to adopt all of the evaluators'
recommendations and provide a pathway that would allow Deborah to regain primary custody.
See In re Custody of Brown, 153 Wn.2d 646, 655 n. 5, 105 P. 3d 991 ( 2005) ( trial court should
consider evaluator' s report but is not bound by it). Further, a trial court is not required to include
oral rulings in its final, written order. See DGHI Enters. v. Pac. Cities, Inc., 137 Wn.2d 933,
944, 977 P. 2d 1231 ( 1999). The trial court did not abuse its discretion.
2. Findings of Fact
Deborah argues that the record does not support the trial court' s findings of fact under the
parenting plan and that this court should strike those findings as one -dimensional in favor of
Chad and against Deborah. She cites three findings as unsupported by the record and complains
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No. 43997 -2 -II
that the findings have an " unjudicial" tone. Br. of Appellant at 15. These findings are that
Deborah " sent thousands of texts bashing Mr. Burton," that Deborah' s fourth child' s father had
inappropriate behavior with clients, and that Deborah stole the babysitter' s cell phone to send
ugly" text messages to Chad. Clerks Papers ( CP) at 21, 22.
By limiting her argument to only these three findings, Deborah waives her challenge to
the remaining findings. Hollis v. Garwall, Inc., 137 Wn.2d 683, 689 n.4, 974 P. 2d 836 ( 1999).
And because those remaining findings support the trial court' s placement decision, we find no
error. We do note, however, that the record shows that Deborah sent innumerable text messages
to Chad ( "this went on for now almost three years. ") RP at 75. Foster described the number of .
messages as " voluminous." Ex. 1 ( Foster) at 5. And there was evidence supporting portions of
those other two findings as well. More importantly, the remaining findings to which Deborah
did not object and the evaluators' recommendations support awarding primary residential
custody to Chad.
To the extent Deborah seeks to have the findings struck because of her allegation that the
tone was inappropriate or the language was unprofessional, we deny her request. Even if we
agreed with her allegations, we know of no authority that would support having this court
remand for the' trial court to make its findings more "judicial."
D. PROPERTY DISTRIBUTION
Monetary Judgment
Deborah argues that the trial court erred in failing to enter a judgment against Chad rather
than entering an order regarding community property. She claims that the division of property
should have included a promissory installment note and simply attaching an amortization
schedule to the decree was insufficiently enforceable. Chad argues that Deborah cannot make
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this claim on appeal as she failed to make it below at trial or in her motion for reconsideration.
He also argues that the decree is indeed enforceable as nothing would prevent Deborah from
enforcing the decree in superior court.
We agree with both of Chad' s propositions. Deborah neither sought a judgment at trial
nor sought one while represented by counsel on her motion for reconsideration. In re Marriage
of Studebaker, 36 Wn. App. 815, 818, 677 P. 2d 789 ( 1984). Further, the decree is enforceable.
See In re Marriage of Crossland, 49 Wn. App. 874, 877, 746 P. 2d 842 ( 1987) ( court of equity
has power to decree as well as to enforce that decree).
2. Maintenance
Deborah argues that the trial court erred in its maintenance award in that it (1) considered
future property payments when determining future maintenance payments and ( 2) equated past
family support payments with past maintenance. Without citing authority, she argues that the
trial court should have awarded $ 2000 to $ 4000 —or even $ 8000 based on Chad' s higher income
in maintenance for thirty months beginning after trial because " the rule of thumb for
for every four Br. of
calculating. maintenance is one year of maintenance years of marriage."
Appellant at 17. She further argues that the trial court improperly counted the property award as
maintenance when it should not have. See In re Marriage ofStenshoel, 72 Wn. App. 800, 805,
866 P. 2d 635 ( 1993) ( court improperly included property distribution as income in determining
the child support obligation).
In setting maintenance, the trial court reasoned:
He was paying an average of a little over $ 2, 000 /month for maintenance, and my
rationale was that he should pay six more months at $ 1, 000 a month and that
would take care of any maintenance award.
In addition to that, I again accept his proposal that he be paying $4, 500 until
the asset' s paid off.
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No. 43997 -2 -II
RP at 308. In its written findings, the trial court considered Deborah' s property payment in
explaining the amount and duration of maintenance:
Although the wife did not make a specific request for maintenance or provide
any specific testimony on that issue, she did provide a budget with stated
expenses of $5, 470. 00. She claimed a desire to go back to school but provide[ d]
no details as to when she will start, when she will finish, where she will go and
the cost. Nevertheless, she was not employed at the time of the trial. The wife will
be receiving the sum of $4, 500 per month for 38 months as a property award so
an award of $1, 000 per month maintenance for a period of six months from June,
2012 will provide her with sufficient funds for that period of time. Additionally,
the husband did not request child support so she will not have to make a child
support transfer payment.
The wife did not present specific evidence about a desired education or
training plan. Nevertheless she has been out of the work force for some time and
will need some time to reintegrate herself into the work force and the court finds
that six months of maintenance at $ 1, 000 per month should be sufficient,
combined with the $ 4, 500 per month she will receive for 38 months. When six
months expires and the $ 1, 000 terminates, she will still have 32 months left of the
4, 500 per month payments.
CP at 16.
Deborah argues that these findings demonstrate that the trial court improperly considered
her property payment as income. We disagree. We review a spousal maintenance award for an
abuse of discretion. In re Marriage ofLuckey, 73 Wn. App. 201, 209 -10, 868 P. 2d 189 ( 1994).
The trial court sets the amount and duration of maintenance by applying the factors in RCW
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26. 09. 090( 1) to determine if the amount is " just. ,, Luckey, 73 Wn. App. at 209. The trial
court' s findings show that it thoroughly considered these statutory factors.
3 Those factors are:
a) The financial resources of the party seeking maintenance, including separate or
community property apportioned to him or her, and his or her ability to meet his or
her needs independently, including the extent to which a provision for support of a
child living with the parry includes a sum for that party;
No. 43997 -2 -II
Chad testified that he provided Deborah with $54, 641 between June 2011 and May 2012
approximately $ 4, 900 per month). Until January 2012, he had provided her $2, 000 per month
and paid for all bills other than her cell phone and groceries. Beginning in February 2012, he
paid her $4, 500 per month. Clearly, Chad paid more than the child support schedule in RCW
26. 19. 020 required at that time ($ 2, 760). The trial court acted within its discretion in considering
these past payments, at least those exceeding the child support schedule, to be maintenance.
We also find no abuse of discretion in the amount of maintenance the trial court awarded
to Deborah. Chad assumed all community debt, took on complete financial responsibility for the
children, and had to make an equalizing payment of $4, 500 per month for 38 months. The trial
court' s intention, as noted in finding 2. 12, was to give Deborah enough time to start a career and
it deemed six months as sufficient. Finally, the trial court, in setting a maintenance amount, was
required to consider the " financial resources of the party seeking maintenance, including separate
or community property apportioned to him or her, and his or her ability to meet his or her needs
independently." RCW 26. 09. 090( 1)( a); In re Marriage of Crosetto, 82 Wn. App. 545, 559, 918
P. 2d 954 ( 1996) ( trial court can consider property division when awarding maintenance). The
b) The time necessary to acquire sufficient education or training to enable the party
seeking maintenance to find employment appropriate to his or her skill, interests,
style of life, and other attendant circumstances;
c) The standard of living established during the marriage or domestic partnership;
d) The duration of the marriage or domestic partnership;
e) The age, physical and emotional condition, and financial obligations of the
spouse or domestic partner seeking maintenance; and
f) The ability of the spouse or domestic partner from whom maintenance is sought
to meet his or her needs and financial obligations while meeting those of the spouse
or domestic partner seeking maintenance.
RCW 26. 09. 090.
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No. 43997 -2 -II
trial court considered each of the statutory factors in setting the amount and duration of
maintenance. We find no error.
3. Separation Date
Deborah argues that the trial court erred in finding that their separation date was March
12, 2009, and in suggesting to her that this date benefitted her. She claims that she and Chad
were not separated then because they continued to have sexual relations, had personal
possessions in each other' s residences, spent weekend vacations together, attended social events
together, and attempted reconciliation. Instead, she argues that they did not separate until
January 22, 2010, when Chad filed the petition for dissolution.
The trial court determines the separation date based on the peculiar facts of each case. In
re Marriage ofNuss, 65 Wn. App. 334, 344, 828 P. 2d 627 ( 1992). " ` The test is whether the
parties by their conduct have exhibited a decision to renounce the community, with no intention
of ever resuming the marital relationship.' "' Nuss, 65 Wn. App. at 344 ( quoting Oil Heat Co. v.
Sweeney, 26 Wn. App. 351, 354, 613 P. 2d 169 ( 1980)).
The trial court found that the parties separated on March 12, 2009. We review this
finding of fact for substantial evidence. In re Marriage ofRockwell, 141 Wn. App. 235, 242,
170 P. 3d 572 ( 2007). March 12, 2009, was the day the police arrested Chad for domestic
violence and removed him from the home. It is undisputed that they were both having affairs.
Deborah' s began in August 2008 and she eventually had a child because of that relationship.
Chad' s affair began sometime after March 2009 and continued even through the period of
attempted reconciliation. And in December 2009, the parties had mutual restraining orders in
place. Substantial evidence supports the trial court' s finding of fact on the date of separation.
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No. 43997 - -11
2
E. ATTORNEY FEES
Superior Court Fees
Deborah argues that the trial court erred in refusing her request for attorney fees below.
She argues that the trial court should have considered her inability to pay attorney fees and that
the $4, 500 monthly payment from Chad was only enough to cover her basic needs, not pay for
an attorney. She argues that since the $ 4, 500 was later counted as a property payment, she had
no income and thus clearly had the need. By contrast, she argues, Chad had a steady income,
outspent her four to one for representation, and had the ability to pay.
The trial court explained to Deborah that she could request attorney fees. It also
discussed the amount of money she had borrowed from her father to pay her legal fees. Yet she
never made a formal request that the trial court award her fees. As such, we have nothing to
review. But we do note that the trial court would have acted within its discretion had it denied a
fee award in that it allocated all community debt to Chad, awarded Chad primary residential
custody of the children, required Chad to pay one -half his net income as an equalizing payment,
and did not require Deborah to pay child support.
2. Appeal Fees
Deborah requests attorney fees on appeal because her monthly expenses are $ 4, 700 and
she has no income. Further, she cannot afford the fees for this appeal, needs to go back to
school, and needs to defend herself in a separate lawsuit Chad is pursuing against her.
In determining whether to award attorney fees on appeal, we examine the arguable merit
of the issues raised and the parties' financial resources. Luckey, 73 Wn. App. 210. Having done
so, we deny her request.
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No. 43997 -2 -II
We affirm.
A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW
2. 06. 040, it is so ordered.
MAXA, J.
S 1
We concur:
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