Filed 2/19/14 In re Teresa F. CA2/3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION THREE
In re TERESA F. et al., Persons Coming B248579
Under the Juvenile Court Law.
_____________________________________ (Los Angeles County
LOS ANGELES COUNTY DEPARTMENT Super. Ct. No. CK88299)
OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
VICTORIA F.,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from orders of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County,
Tony L. Richardson, Judge. Affirmed.
Christopher R. Booth, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant.
Office of the County Counsel, John F. Krattli, County Counsel, James M. Owens,
Assistant County Counsel, Tracey Dodds, Principal Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff
and Appellant.
_________________________
Minor Victoria F. appeals from an order of March 27, 2013 sustaining a
subsequent petition,1 based on a finding, under Welfare and Institutions Code section
300, subdivision (c),2 she suffered or was at risk of suffering serious emotional damage
due to mother’s emotional abuse. She contends substantial evidence does not support the
finding. We affirm.
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND PROCEDURE
Victoria was born to J. E. (mother) and M. F. (father)3 in 1997. She lived with
mother, siblings Teresa, born in 1996, and Carlos, born in 2001,4 a half-sibling, born in
2007, and maternal grandmother, who abused alcohol and cocaine. Mother and maternal
grandmother had a long history of physically and emotionally abusing the children.
Mother was aware of maternal grandmother’s abuse of the children but failed to protect
them. The family was the subject of numerous referrals for child abuse and neglect
between 2002 and 2011, and, in 2004-2005 and 2008-2009, participated in two voluntary
maintenance cases. Mother completed the programs required of her in each case.
Despite knowing what forms of discipline were appropriate and what forms
inappropriate, mother punched Teresa and Victoria hard with closed fists and hit them
with instruments such as a belt, clothes hanger, and bottle. Mother and maternal
grandmother would punch Victoria and drag her across the floor by her hair.
Mother and maternal grandmother emotionally abused Victoria, causing her to
mutilate herself and threaten to run away. They called her demeaning and derogatory
names, such as “stupid,” “bitch,” “ho,” and “good for nothing.” Mother and father did
1
Subsequent petitions are governed by Welfare and Institutions Code section 342,
which provides, “In any case in which a minor has been found to be a person described
by Section 300 and the petitioner alleges new facts or circumstances, other than those
under which the original petition was sustained, sufficient to state that the minor is a
person described in Section 300, the petitioner shall file a subsequent petition.”
2
Hereinafter, all statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code,
unless specified otherwise.
3
Father is Victoria’s presumed father.
4
Hereinafter, when referred to collectively, Victoria, Teresa, and Carlos will be
referred to as “the children.”
2
not get along. Father paid mother child support and wanted to spend time with the
children, but mother denied him access and told Victoria that father was not interested in
her. When Victoria defended father against mother’s poisonous attacks, mother beat her.
Mother and maternal grandmother were particularly cruel in their treatment of
Teresa. Among other things, daily for two years, Teresa was required to remain alone in
a dark closet from the time she got home from school until bedtime, not allowed to eat
with the family, and denied the same food as the family ate. Mother believed Teresa
deserved this treatment as punishment for her disclosure to a social worker in 2008 of the
abuse in the household. Mother felt that Teresa was out-of-control and believed Victoria
was “following in Teresa’s footsteps.” Teresa wanted to die and to kill herself. Victoria
would cry when Teresa was abused. Mother denied the family had any mental health
concerns.
On June 10, 2011, Victoria and her siblings and half-sibling were detained from
mother by the Department of Children and Family Services (Department), and a section
300 petition was filed, when Teresa reported the abuse at school. Victoria was detained
in father’s home. Mother was ordered to participate in parenting and anger management
counseling, and Victoria was ordered to participate in counseling. Mother was granted
monitored visits.
Mother denied inflicting abuse or that she failed to protect. She blamed Teresa for
disclosing the abuse and causing the family’s problems. Mother continued to inflict
emotional abuse on the children by telling them she was suffering, would kill herself if
she did not get them back in her custody, and had cancer which was getting worse as a
result of her suffering. Sensitive to mother’s reaction, Victoria stated she wanted to
return to mother’s care. Mother wanted everyone, including maternal grandmother, back
together again. Father wanted to raise Victoria and her siblings. He feared that mother,
who had completed rehabilitation programs in the past, would continue to fail to protect
the children.
On August 9, 2011, Victoria was declared a dependent of the court based on
sustained allegations under section 300, subdivisions (b) (physical abuse), (i) (cruelty),
3
and (j) (sibling abuse) that maternal grandmother’s physical and emotional abuse of
Victoria and her siblings, and mother’s failure to protect, placed Victoria at risk of harm
and failure to protect. Custody was taken from mother and Victoria was placed in home
of parent-father under section 361.2.5 Mother was granted monitored visits. Family
maintenance services were ordered. Individual counseling was ordered for the children
and, at the therapist’s discretion, conjoint counseling.
Victoria suffered from depressive symptoms, such as isolation, irritability,
tearfulness, and feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness, two to three times per day
with moderate to severe intensity. She engaged in high-risk behavior, such as self-harm
and non-suicidal thoughts, one to two times per month. She began receiving therapy and
behavior modification services in October 2011.
During a visit in March 2012, mother was belligerent, yelled, used foul language,
and appeared to want to hit Victoria. Also, in March 2012, Victoria saw pictures of
mother dressed in a revealing manner on mother’s Facebook page, and mother asked
Victoria to respond to a comment a man had posted on the Facebook page.
On August 7, 2012, mother was granted unmonitored visits with Victoria on
alternate weekends from Saturday to Sunday. Mother was ordered not to use physical
discipline.
On September 4, 2012, the court terminated the August 9, 2011 home of parent-
father order and ordered Victoria placed in home of parents (mother and father) under
Department supervision.6 Father’s home was the primary residence and mother had
5
Section 361.2 provides: “(a) When a court orders removal of a child pursuant to
Section 361, the court shall first determine whether there is a parent of the child, with
whom the child was not residing at the time that the events or conditions arose that
brought the child within the provisions of Section 300, who desires to assume custody of
the child. If that parent requests custody, the court shall place the child with the parent
unless it finds that placement with that parent would be detrimental to the safety,
protection, or physical or emotional well-being of the child.”
6
Carlos was also placed in home of parents.
4
weekend visits. Mother had not started individual therapy or completed an anger
management program.
Teresa, who had mental and emotional problems, was placed in mother’s home
under Department supervision on October 25, 2012.
Victoria was pregnant. The weekend visits distressed her, because mother argued
with her, yelled at her, insulted her, and called her demeaning and derogatory names such
as “dog,” “stupid,” “idiot,” and “bitch whore.” Mother demeaned her in public. Mother
resented that Victoria stood up for father. She told Victoria that father did not love
Victoria, she was not her mother, and she knew Victoria hated her. On one occasion, she
told father to “ ‘take this bitch with you.’ ” Mother increased her cursing at Victoria after
she learned Victoria was pregnant. Mother threw a remote control at Victoria and tried to
hit her when she was pregnant. Mother did not protect Victoria from Teresa, who was
violent and threatening. On occasions, mother hit Carlos, pulled him, and pushed him.
Mother’s moods were unstable, swinging unpredictably between calm, anger, love, and
remorse.
Victoria felt depressed and had thoughts of killing herself. On December 20,
2012, she had thoughts of overdosing. Mother continued to curse Victoria and hit Carlos
during visits.
On February 6, 2013, Victoria was detained from mother on the ground
mother emotionally abused her and physically abused Carlos, and, on February 14, 2012,
a subsequent petition was filed. At the detention hearing on February 14, 2013, Victoria
was ordered released to father pending court order.7 Mother was granted monitored visits
three times a week.
Victoria indicated she was no longer feeling depressed. She recanted the
disclosures she made in December 2012 of suicidal thoughts, mother’s frequent cursing
7
Thereafter, the September 4, 2012, home of parents order was continued in full
force and effect, with Victoria released to father’s care, pending the hearing on the
subsequent petition.
5
and name-calling, and mother hitting Carlos. Mother denied she regularly cursed at
Victoria, called Victoria names, or hit Carlos. Mother wanted Teresa, who had been
detained from mother in February 2014, to return to her home. Mother was not enrolled
in individual counseling and did not visit regularly. She visited only once from mid-
February to mid-March 2013.
On March 27, 2013, a hearing was held on the subsequent petition. The court
found Victoria to be a person described by section 300, subdivision (c), based on a
sustained allegation that: Victoria “is suffering, or is at substantial risk of suffering,
serious emotional damage evidenced by severe anxiety, depression, withdrawal, [and]
aggressive behavior toward [her]self or others,” in that mother “emotionally abused
[her by] repeatedly call[ing] [her] demeaning and degrading names, indicating that the
child is sexually promiscuous and stupid[,] and [telling] the child that she was not her
mother[,]” which caused Victoria to demonstrate depression and suicidal ideation and
placed Victoria at substantial risk of suffering serious emotional damage. The court
terminated the September 4, 2012 home of parents order. Victoria was ordered placed in
home of parent-father.
The court then held a hearing under section 364.8 Father stated that, if jurisdiction
were terminated, he would be able to obtain psychotherapy for Victoria to address the
sustained allegation she suffered or risked suffering emotional damage. Finding, under
section 364, that continued supervision of the children was no longer necessary, the court
terminated dependency jurisdiction and stayed the termination order pending receipt of a
family law order. A family law order was received granting physical custody to father,
8
When a child is not removed from parental custody, review hearings are held
under section 364. (§ 364, subd. (a).) “[T]he court shall determine whether continued
supervision is necessary. The court shall terminate its jurisdiction unless the social
worker or his or her department establishes by a preponderance of evidence that the
conditions still exist which would justify initial assumption of jurisdiction under
Section 300, or that those conditions are likely to exist if supervision is withdrawn.”
(§ 364, subd. (c).)
6
primary residence with father, and one daytime, monitored visit per weekend to mother.
On April 25, 2013, the stay of termination of jurisdiction was lifted.9
DISCUSSION
1. Standing and mootness.
The Department contends the appeal should be dismissed, because Victoria lacks
standing to appeal in that she is not aggrieved by the finding under section 300,
subdivision (c) she suffered or was at risk of suffering emotional damage due to mother’s
emotional abuse. The Department further contends that termination of jurisdiction, and
the fact Victoria was previously found to be within the court’s jurisdiction under section
300, subdivision (b), render the contention that substantial evidence does not support the
finding moot, because no effective relief can be given. We conclude Victoria has
standing to appeal. We further conclude the appeal is not moot.
2. Standing.
“Standing to appeal is jurisdictional[,] and the issue of whether a party has
standing is a question of law . . . .” (People v. Hernandez (2009) 172 Cal.App.4th 715,
719-720.)
California Code of Civil Procedure section 902 provides, “Any party aggrieved
may appeal in the cases prescribed in this title.”
Section 317.5, subdivision (b) provides, “Each minor who is the subject of a
dependency proceeding is a party to that proceeding.”
“Not every party has standing to appeal every appealable order. Although
standing to appeal is construed liberally, and doubts are resolved in its favor, only a
person aggrieved by a decision may appeal. . . . An aggrieved person, for this purpose, is
one whose rights or interests are injuriously affected by the decision in an immediate and
substantial way, and not as a nominal or remote consequence of the decision. . . . These
9
The Court takes judicial notice of the minute orders of March 28, April 11, and
April 25, 2013, and the custody order filed April 25, 2013, which are contained in the
clerk’s transcript. (Evid. Code, § 452, subd. (d).)
7
rules apply with full force to appeals from dependency proceedings.” (In re K.C. (2011)
52 Cal.4th 231, 236.) To determine whether a party is aggrieved by a finding or order,
we must identify the party’s interest in it. (See ibid.)
“A party who would be bound by res judicata is sufficiently aggrieved to assert
appellate rights.” (In re Lauren P. (1996) 44 Cal.App.4th 763, 771; accord, Leoke v.
County of San Bernardino (1967) 249 Cal.App.2d 767, 771.) “[C]ollateral estoppel . . .
[is] an aspect of the doctrine of res judicata. Collateral estoppel precludes relitigation of
issues that were necessarily decided in prior litigation, but it operates only against those
who were parties, or in privity with parties, to that prior litigation and who are thus bound
by the resulting judgment. The party seeking the benefit of the doctrine, by contrast,
need not have been a party to the earlier lawsuit.” (Arias v. Superior Court (2009)
46 Cal.4th 969, 985.)
We conclude Victoria is sufficiently aggrieved to have standing to appeal the
finding that she “is suffering, or is at substantial risk of suffering serious emotional
damage, evidenced by severe anxiety, depression, withdrawal, and aggressive behavior
toward herself or others.” She has an interest in the accuracy of the finding. It was
expected that father would enroll her in psychotherapy to address the finding. The
finding will inform her psychotherapeutic treatment. If the finding is erroneous, and she
is unable to obtain appellate review, she will be required to receive treatment for a
condition she does not suffer from. Moreover, given the family history in this case, it is
possible Victoria’s newborn child will become the subject of a dependency proceeding in
San Bernardino County, where Victoria resided in father’s home. Should this occur, the
finding Victoria suffered serious emotional damage will have a collateral estoppel effect,
supporting one of the elements of a jurisdictional finding under section 300, subdivision
(b) that “[t]he child has suffered, or there is a substantial risk that the child will suffer,
serious physical harm or illness, as a result of . . . the inability of the parent . . . to provide
regular care for the child due to the parent’s . . . mental illness.” (See In re Joel H.
(1993) 19 Cal.App.4th 1185, 1193.)
8
3. Mootness.
Respondent contends the issue is moot, because no effective relief can be granted,
in that jurisdiction was terminated and, in any event, Victoria was already found to be a
child described by section 300, subdivision (b).
“ ‘A case is moot when any ruling by this court can have no practical impact or
provide the parties effectual relief. [Citation.]’ ” (Carson Citizens for Reform v.
Kawagoe (2009) 178 Cal.App.4th 357, 364.)
“As a general rule, an order terminating juvenile court jurisdiction renders an
appeal from a previous order in the dependency proceedings moot. [Citation.]
However, dismissal for mootness in such circumstances is not automatic, but ‘must be
decided on a case-by-case basis.’ [Citations.]” (In re C.C. (2009) 172 Cal.App.4th 1481,
1488.) Termination of jurisdiction does not render an appeal from a previous order moot
if the order would have negative consequences for the appellant. (In re Daisy H. (2011)
192 Cal.App.4th 713, 716.)
An appellate court may decline on the ground of mootness to address the
evidentiary support for any remaining jurisdictional findings once a single finding has
been found to be supported by the evidence. (See In re I.J., (2013) 56 Cal.4th 766, 773.)
We conclude the issue is not moot, as reversal of the finding could give Victoria
effective relief and have a practical effect on future proceedings. An erroneous finding
would distort the therapeutic process. It would provide a factual basis for an element of
jurisdiction under section 300, subdivision (b), should Victoria’s offspring become the
subject of a dependency petition in the future.
4. Substantial evidence.
Victoria contends substantial evidence does not support the finding she was
currently suffering or at risk of suffering serious emotional damage under section 300,
subdivision (c). We disagree with the contention.
In determining whether an order is supported by substantial evidence, “we look to
see if substantial evidence, contradicted or uncontradicted, supports [it]. [Citation.]
In making this determination, we draw all reasonable inferences from the evidence to
9
support the findings and orders of the dependency court; we review the record in the light
most favorable to the court’s determinations; and we note that issues of fact and
credibility are the province of the trial court. [Citation.]” (In re Heather A. (1996)
52 Cal.App.4th 183, 193.) “We do not reweigh the evidence or exercise independent
judgment, but merely determine if there are sufficient facts to support the findings of the
trial court.” (In re Matthew S. (1988) 201 Cal.App.3d 315, 321.) Thus, the pertinent
inquiry is whether substantial evidence supports the finding, not whether a contrary
finding might have been made. (In re Dakota H. (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 212, 228.)
Section 300, subdivision (c) provides: “The child is suffering serious emotional
damage, or is at substantial risk of suffering serious emotional damage, evidenced by
severe anxiety, depression, withdrawal, or untoward aggressive behavior toward self or
others, as a result of the conduct of the parent or guardian or who has no parent or
guardian capable of providing appropriate care.”
To prove a child comes within section 300, subdivision (c), “three elements [must
be proved]: (1) serious emotional damage as evidenced by severe anxiety, depression,
withdrawal or untoward aggressive behavior or a substantial risk of severe emotional
harm if jurisdiction is not assumed; (2) offending parental conduct; and (3) causation.”10
(In re Brison C. (2000) 81 Cal.App.4th 1373, 1379.)
“[T]he fact that a child is currently protected from further abuse simply because
the child already is under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court cannot preclude the court
from finding, based upon new evidence of past abuse, that the child remains at risk of
abuse. The question to be asked in such a case is whether, in the absence of the state’s
intervention, there is a substantial risk that the child will be abused.” (In re Carlos T.
(2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 795, 806.) A parent’s failure to acknowledge the abuse or the
harm it caused makes it “likely [the parent] would continue to abuse the children if he
had access to them.” (Ibid.)
10
Victoria acknowledges substantial evidence supports the offending parental
conduct and causation elements of a finding under section 300, subdivision (c).
10
There was evidence that, while she was in mother’s custody or had unmonitored
contact with mother, Victoria suffered from moderate to severe depressive symptoms two
to three times per day, wanted to kill herself, considered taking a drug overdose to kill
herself, and mutilated herself by cutting, as a result of mother’s emotional abuse. Shortly
after the most recent report of her depression and suicidal thoughts, she was detained
from mother and protected from unmonitored contact with mother. Mother denied she
emotionally abused Victoria. Mother was not participating in therapy to deal with her
role in the emotional damage Victoria suffered. This is substantial evidence that, without
the court’s orders terminating the grant of physical custody to both parents, giving father
sole physical custody, and requiring mother’s contact with Victoria to be monitored, there
is a substantial risk mother will continue her emotional abuse and Victoria will suffer
emotional damage as a result. Thus, substantial evidence supports the finding under
section 300, subdivision (c).
DISPOSITION
The finding and orders of March 27, 2013 are affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
KLEIN, P. J.
We concur:
KITCHING, J.
ALDRICH, J.
11