IN THE SUPREME COURT, STATE OF WYOMING
2014 WY 27
OCTOBER TERM, A.D. 2013
February 24, 2014
RONALD D. ALLABACK,
Appellant
(Defendant),
v. S-12-0242
THE STATE OF WYOMING,
Appellee
(Respondent).
Appeal from the District Court of Laramie County
The Honorable Peter G. Arnold, Judge
Representing Appellant:
Office of the State Public Defender: Diane Lozano, State Public Defender; Tina N.
Olson, Chief Appellate Counsel; David E. Westling, Senior Assistant Appellate
Counsel.
Representing Appellee:
Peter K. Michael, Wyoming Attorney General; David L. Delicath, Deputy
Attorney General; Jeffrey Pope, Assistant Attorney General.
Before KITE, C.J., and HILL, VOIGT*, and DAVIS, JJ.†
*Justice Voigt retired effective January 3, 2014.
†
After this matter was taken under advisement, Justice Burke discovered he had a
conflict and on January 16, 2014, he recused himself. Therefore, pursuant to the
Wyoming Constitution, Art. 5, § 4(a), this matter was decided by a quorum of the
Court.
NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in Pacific Reporter Third.
Readers are requested to notify the Clerk of the Supreme Court, Supreme Court Building,
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002, of typographical or other formal errors so correction may be made
before final publication in the permanent volume.
KITE, Chief Justice.
[¶1] Ronald D. Allaback pleaded guilty to three counts of identity theft in violation of
Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 6-3-901(a)(c)(ii) (LexisNexis 2013). The district court imposed a
sentence of incarceration which it suspended in favor of eight years probation. The
district court subsequently revoked and reinstated Mr. Allaback’s probation three
different times. When the State filed a fourth petition to revoke, the district court granted
the petition and imposed the underlying sentence of five to nine years incarceration.
[¶2] Mr. Allaback did not timely appeal from the order revoking probation and imposing
sentence. After he filed a petition for writ of certiorari asking this Court to restore his
appeal, we remanded to the district court for a hearing on the issue of whether defense
counsel was ineffective. The district court held counsel was ineffective in failing to
follow Mr. Allaback’s instruction to file an appeal. Based on that ruling, this Court
restored the appeal from the probation revocation. We now affirm the order revoking
probation.
ISSUE
[¶3] Mr. Allaback presents the following issue for this Court’s determination:
Did the trial court abuse its discretion by revoking his probation, considering that
he did not receive proper notice of the charges against him and that he had previously
been sanctioned for two of the violations?
FACTS
[¶4] In 2004, Mr. Allaback pled guilty to three counts of felony identity theft. The
district court imposed concurrent sentences of six to nine years and ordered the sentences
to be served consecutively to a sentence Mr. Allaback had received in another case. The
district court then suspended the prison sentences in favor of eight years of supervised
probation to begin after Mr. Allaback’s release from the sentence in the other case.
[¶5] In 2008 and 2009, the State filed three petitions to revoke Mr. Allaback’s probation.
Each time the district court revoked and reinstated probation. The third time, the district
court also ordered Mr. Allaback to complete a program at Volunteers of America.
[¶6] In November of 2011, the State filed a fourth petition to revoke probation along
with an affidavit of one of Mr. Allaback’s probation officers alleging numerous
violations of the conditions of his probation, including that he missed appointments,
admitted he had been in a bar, submitted to a breath test which showed a .091% blood
alcohol content (BAC), had been in another establishment where alcohol was the main
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source of income, failed to maintain the schedule imposed on him, and had a checking
account. On April 23, 2012, at the revocation hearing, another probation officer testified
that two of the dates on the affidavit were incorrect; rather than missing appointments in
August 2011 as the affidavit stated, the missed appointments were in September 2011.
Defense counsel objected and the district court ordered a continuance to allow the State
to provide accurate dates. Later that day, the State filed an amended affidavit which
changed three dates from August 2011 to September 2011. The first two dates involved
the allegations that Mr. Allaback had missed appointments; the third date concerned the
allegation that Mr. Allaback admitted to having been in a bar and submitted to a breath
test that showed he had consumed alcohol.
[¶7] When the revocation hearing resumed on April 25, 2012, the prosecutor informed
the court that he was relying on the amended affidavit which, he reiterated, changed the
month from August to September in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4. Defense counsel responded
that he had not seen the amended affidavit but the amendments were “fine” with him and
he did not need a copy of the amended affidavit. The district court asked defense counsel
whether he felt the amendment put him at a disadvantage in terms of being properly
prepared for the hearing and defense counsel responded that it did not and he felt the
amendment was appropriate. The probation officers proceeded to testify in accordance
with the amended affidavit.
[¶8] After hearing testimony from the probation officers and Mr. Allaback, the district
court found that Mr. Allaback had violated his probation by having a checking account,
being in a bar and having a BAC of .091%. The district court revoked probation and
imposed the original sentence of five to nine years with credit for 564 days served. In its
written revocation order, the district court found Mr. Allaback had violated his probation
by having a checking account, being in a bar, having a BAC of .091% and failing to
comply with his probation schedule.
[¶9] Five months later, on November 9, 2012, Mr. Allaback filed a petition for writ of
certiorari asking this Court to restore his direct appeal, the deadline for which had expired
with no notice of appeal having been filed. The Court granted the petition in part and
ordered the district court to hold an evidentiary hearing for the purpose of determining
whether defense counsel had been ineffective in not filing a notice of appeal. Following
the hearing, the district court found defense counsel was ineffective in failing to file a
notice of appeal as Mr. Allaback had requested him to do. Based upon the district court’s
findings, this Court granted Mr. Allaback’s petition in full to restore his appeal from the
order revoking probation and imposing sentence.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
[¶10] A district court’s decision to revoke probation and impose a sentence is
discretionary and will not be disturbed unless the record demonstrates a clear abuse of
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discretion. DeMillard v. State, 2013 WY 99, ¶ 10, 308 P.3d 825, 829 (Wyo. 2013). See
also Sinning v. State, 2007 WY 193, ¶ 8, 172 P.3d 388, 389 (Wyo. 2007). We review the
district court’s revocation decision to determine whether the court could reasonably
conclude as it did. Id. We review Mr. Allaback’s claims that his constitutional rights
were violated de novo. Counts v. State, 2008 WY 156, ¶ 11, 197 P.3d 1280, 1283 (Wyo.
2008).
DISCUSSION
[¶11] Mr. Allaback asserts that the combination of three errors in the revocation
proceedings affected the entire process to such an extent that the district court abused its
discretion in ordering revocation. First, he claims the State’s last minute amendment of
the affidavit violated his due process right to be informed of the charges against him and
that any waiver of that right by his counsel was inadequate. Second, he argues that he
had already been sanctioned for some of the violations for which he was punished again
in the proceedings leading up to this appeal. Third, he asserts some of the violations
depended on the probation officer’s subjective judgment about the conditions of
probation and whether he violated them.
[¶12] The State responds that the district court acted reasonably in revoking Mr.
Allaback’s probation. Addressing his first claim of error, the State asserts Mr. Allaback
had adequate notice of the charges against him, he admitted the events occurred although
not on the dates identified in the affidavit and his counsel conceded the incorrect dates
did not affect his ability to present a defense. As for the second claim of error, the State
contends Mr. Allaback was not punished twice for the same events. Rather than being
sanctioned previously, Mr. Allaback opted to enroll in intensive supervised probation as
an alternative to revocation of his probation. Finally, the State asserts the probation
officer’s subjective interpretation of the conditions of probation did not affect the district
court’s findings.
[¶13] We begin by addressing Mr. Allaback’s contention that he did not receive adequate
notice of the charges against him. Probation revocation proceedings are governed by
W.R.Cr.P. 39. In addressing such proceedings under the rule, we have said:
The proceedings for probation revocation consist of a two-
part process. The first part, the adjudicatory phase, requires the
district court to determine by a preponderance of the evidence
whether a condition of probation was violated. The second,
dispositional phase, is triggered only upon a finding that a condition
of probation was violated. In this phase, the district court must
deliberate not only upon the violation, but also the reasons the
conditions were originally imposed and the circumstances
surrounding the violation. After consideration of all these factors,
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the district court must then determine the appropriate consequences
of the probationer’s violation.
In the adjudicatory phase, the Fourteenth Amendment right to
due process and the Wyoming Rules of Evidence apply. In the
dispositional phase, only general due process protections continue to
attach and the rules of evidence are suspended.
Sinning, ¶ 9, 172 P.3d at 390, quoting Mapp v. State, 929 P.2d 1222, 1226 (Wyo. 1996).
Notice to a probationer of the grounds for revocation is fundamental and failure to
provide such notice is a defect affecting a substantial right. Sinning, ¶ 10, 172 P.3d at
390, citing Anderson v. State, 2002 WY 46, ¶ 26, 43 P.3d 108, 118 (Wyo. 2002).
However, while a probationer is entitled to notice of the nature of the conduct alleged as
grounds for revocation of his probation, such conduct need not be alleged with the same
degree of specificity as is required in an indictment, information, or complaint. Murphy
v. State, 592 P.2d 1159, 1162 (Wyo. 1979); Counts, ¶ 13, 197 P.3d at 1283. Moreover,
when a defendant admits a probation violation, he waives any due process claim based
upon lack of notice. Id., ¶ 15, 197 P.3d at 1284.
[¶14] In the present case, Mr. Allaback was clearly informed of the nature of the conduct
alleged as grounds for revocation. It was only the month when he was alleged to have
committed the conduct leading to the revocation that was incorrect in the original
affidavit. This does not constitute a lack of notice sufficient to give rise to a due process
violation. See Murphy, 592 P.2d at 1163, where this Court concluded notice was
sufficient although specific dates were not included in the State’s pleadings and instead
the conduct was alleged to have occurred between May, 1977 and February, 1978.
Additionally, Mr. Allaback admitted that he missed appointments with his probation
officer, consumed alcohol and had a checking account. Consequently, he waived any
claimed lack of notice as to those grounds.
[¶15] Mr. Allaback claims next that he had already been administratively sanctioned for
the violations the district court relied on in revoking his probation. Specifically, Mr.
Allaback asserts that he was placed in an intensive supervision program (ISP) for missing
appointments, going to a bar and having a high BAC. Citing Umbach v. State, 2002 WY
42, ¶ 12, 42 P.3d 1006, 1009 (Wyo. 2002), he argues the State could not seek probation
revocation for violations previously used as the basis for administrative sanctions.
[¶16] In Umbach, the defendant was placed in ISP after testing positive for
methamphetamine and marijuana and admitting to using both while on probation. Id., ¶
6, 42 P.3d at 1007. While in ISP he tested positive for alcohol, later for marijuana and
still later for amphetamine and methamphetamine. Id. After an administrative hearing,
he was sentenced to three jail terms for violating the ISP conditions of no alcohol or drug
use. Id. Eight days into his last jail sentence, the State filed a petition to revoke
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probation based upon the same three violations. Umbach filed a motion to dismiss
arguing that the administrative sanctions were an alternative to probation revocation and
revocation of his probation and imposition of administrative sanctions violated double
jeopardy. On appeal from the district court’s denial of his motion, we held the
administrative sanctions were an alternative to probation revocation and, having
sanctioned Umbach by placing him in jail, the State could not also seek to have his
probation revoked. The following statutory provision was at issue:
§ 7-13-1107. Administrative sanctions for program
violations.
(a) The department is authorized to establish by rule
and regulation a system of administrative sanctions as an
alternative to probation or parole revocation for probationers
and parolees who violate the rules and restrictions of an
intensive supervision program established under this article.
(b) Authorized sanctions may include:
(i) Loss or restriction of privileges;
(ii) Community service; and
(iii) Restrictions on personal liberty including:
(A) Detention in county jail for a period not exceeding
thirty (30) days;
(B) Placement in a residential community correctional
program for a period not to exceed sixty (60) days.
[¶17] Unlike the situation in Umbach, the State in the present case did not impose
administrative sanctions under the above statute for Mr. Allaback’s violations of the
conditions of the ISP program. It did not take away or restrict his privileges, require him
to perform community service, impose a jail sentence or place him in a residential
community correctional program. Instead, the State sought the alternative under § 7-13-
1107—probation revocation. In support of his assertion that administrative sanctions
were imposed, Mr. Allaback cites the testimony of one of the probation officers to the
effect that after Mr. Allaback missed a meeting and admitted that he had consumed
alcohol, he was placed in the ISP program. Participation in the ISP program is not an
administrative sanction under § 7-13-1107. The State was entitled to seek revocation of
Mr. Allaback’s probation after he violated the conditions of the ISP program.
[¶18] Mr. Allaback’s final argument is that the probation officers’ subjective
interpretations of the conditions of his probation were not appropriate grounds for
revoking his probation. Both sides presented testimony at the revocation hearing that
while on probation Mr. Allaback was present at the Moose Lodge where alcohol was sold
and, as treasurer, co-signed checks on the Lodge checking account. The probation
officers testified they believed these acts violated the conditions of Mr. Allaback’s
probation.
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[¶19] We decline to address Mr. Allaback’s argument concerning this testimony. Mr.
Allaback admitted under oath that he maintained a checking account of his own in
violation of his probation. He further admitted that he missed appointments with his
probation officers, was in a bar other than the Moose Lodge and consumed alcohol. Each
of these acts was in violation of his probation. Whether or not the probation officers’
opinions concerning the Moose Lodge were subjective is irrelevant. The evidence
supported the district court’s decision to revoke Mr. Allaback’s probation and the
decision was not an abuse of discretion.
[¶20] Affirmed.
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