Filed 3/6/14 P. v. Yanes CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E059176
v. (Super.Ct.Nos. RIF12000025 &
RIF1203880)
THOMAS VICTOR YANES III,
OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. John D. Molloy, Judge.
Affirmed.
Arielle Bases, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Defendant and appellant Thomas Victor Yanes III appeals after he pleaded guilty
in two cases, one for criminal threats and stalking, and one for failure to appear for
sentencing in the threats/stalking case. We affirm.
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FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Apparently, in late December 2011 through January 1, 2012, defendant engaged in
a course of conduct that threatened his children and their mother. The most detailed
factual description was contained in defendant’s declaration in support of his later motion
to withdraw his plea. He complained that, “the charges I faced were substantially
affected by the ever more seriously alleged facts told to the police, etc., via an ever-
changing story told by the so-called victims. Their story increased in seriousness and
was different every time they told it; at first I was just pounding on their front door, to
finally I had a gun in my hand, was yelling threats, that they escaped through second
story windows, and that they constantly lived in fear of me.” Defendant asserted that, “I
did not know about this ever-changing story at the time I entered this plea.”
In any event, defendant was charged by a felony complaint on January 12, 2012,
with six separate counts: Count 1, felony child endangerment on a victim, E. (Pen. Code,
§ 273a, subd. (a)); count 2, felony criminal threats against John Doe (Pen. Code, § 422);
count 3, a felony graffiti charge (Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (b)(1)); count 4, felony
stalking of Jane Doe (Pen. Code, § 646.9, subd. (a)); count 5, felony criminal threats
against Tim Doe (Pen. Code, § 422); and count 6, felony criminal threats against Jane
Doe (Pen. Code, § 422). Count 2, in particular, alleged that, “on or about December 29,
2011, . . . [defendant] did willfully and unlawfully, with the specific intent that his
statements would be taken as a threat, threaten another person, to wit: JOHN DOE, to
commit a crime which would result in great bodily injury and death, which threat on its
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face and under the circumstances in which it was made was so unequivocal,
unconditional, immediate and specific as to convey to said person a gravity of purpose
and an immediate prospect of execution of the threat, and thereby caused said person
to reasonably be in sustained fear for his own safety and the safety of members of
his immediate family.” Count 4 specifically alleged that, “on or about January 1, 2011
[sic: later corrected to 2012] . . . [defendant] did willfully, unlawfully, maliciously, and
repeatedly follow and harass JANE DOE, and make a credible threat with the intent to
place JANE DOE in reasonable fear of JANE DOE’s safety and the safety of JANE
DOE’s immediate family.”
After a number of continuances, the preliminary hearing was set for August 1,
2012. On the date set for the preliminary hearing, defendant entered into a negotiated
plea. He agreed to plead guilty to counts 2 and 4; upon sentencing, the remaining counts
would be dismissed. The understanding of the plea bargain was that defendant would be
placed on three years’ formal probation, with a condition that he serve 320 days “straight
time” in the county jail. Defendant would also be required to complete a domestic
violence program and perform 20 hours of community service. Count 2, criminal threats,
would be a strike offense, and defendant would be subject to the future consequences of
having a prior strike conviction. Defendant affirmed orally to the court that he had read
the change-of-plea form, had personally initialed the appropriate boxes, and had gone
over all the provisions with his attorney, and understood his rights and the consequences
of the plea. The court asked defendant, as to count 2 and count 4, how he wished to plead
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to each charge. Defendant pleaded guilty. After each statement that defendant pleaded
guilty, the court specifically inquired, reading out the language of each of the charges,
whether defendant had done the acts alleged. Defendant stated, “Yes,” in response to
each factual inquiry.
The court stated on the record that, “After directly examining the defendant, the
Court determines the defendant has knowingly, intelligently, freely, and voluntarily
waived his rights. He understands the charges against him and the possible consequences
of his plea. He has personally and orally entered his plea in open court. The plea has
been accepted by the prosecuting attorney. The waiver of rights form is incorporated into
the record and the plea of guilty will be entered at this time. I do find a factual basis for
the pleas to count 2 and count 4.”1 The finding of a factual basis was evidently based on
defendant’s admission of the facts in the criminal complaint.
Defendant waived a probation referral, and sentencing was set for September 5,
2012. On the date set for sentencing, and for defendant to surrender to begin serving the
1 The plea form included statements that defendant had initialed, including
representations that all the promises made to him had been made on the form or in open
court, no one had threatened or pressured defendant to plead guilty, defendant had had
adequate time to discuss the matter with his attorney, and he admitted as a factual basis
for the plea that he did the things stated in the charges to which he was pleading. The
plea agreement stipulated that defendant would admit counts 2 and 4, that count 2 would
be a strike conviction, and that defendant would be granted probation, including a
custody term of 300 days. Defendant acknowledged that his exposure was up to three
years eight months in state prison. He was due to surrender to serve his 300 days of
custody on September 5, 2012. Defendant’s retained attorney averred that he was
satisfied that defendant understood the rights he was waiving, defendant had had
adequate time to discuss the case with the attorney, and defendant understood the
consequences of his plea.
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custody term of his probation, defendant did not appear in court. The court ordered
defendant’s bail bond forfeited. The court issued a bench warrant for defendant’s failure
to appear, and relieved defendant’s retained counsel.
In October 2012, the People filed a second felony complaint, alleging one count of
evading the process of the court by a willful and unlawful failure to appear. Defendant
was taken into custody and arraigned on the new complaint on January 17, 2013. The
proceedings on the criminal threats and stalking convictions were set to trail the
proceedings on the new failure to appear case. Defendant waived time for sentencing in
the older case.
In May 2013, defendant filed a motion to withdraw his guilty pleas in the criminal
threats/stalking case. Defendant filed a declaration claiming that he had good cause to
withdraw his pleas. Defendant averred that he had not had “enough time to consider
what I was accepting and the effect it would have on me.” He further stated that he was
“under the influence of several prescribed medications consisting of controlled
substances, including anti-anxiety medication, anti-depressant medications, mood
stabilizer medications and medical THC, and narcotic pain medication, all of which I had
taken that morning and which affected my judgment such that this plea was not the result
of sound judgment.” He also claimed, as previously stated, that he was unaware of the
factual allegations against him—the “changing story”—so that he did not know exactly
what he was admitting he had done. Furthermore, he was “quite upset at the idea about
my children testifying and this overcame my free will and good judgment as well.”
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The People opposed the motion, arguing that defendant had failed to show good
cause to withdraw his plea. Defendant’s declaration failed to proffer any defense to the
charges, “other than a mere assertion that the witnesses gave additional details when
pressed by a Detective.” The plea had been negotiated, and defendant had received a
very favorable disposition (probation), “that would not have been available to him had he
been convicted of any charges at the conclusion of trial.” Defendant’s claim that his
judgment was overcome or affected by medications was not substantiated by anything in
the record; his colloquy with the court during the taking of the plea did not disclose any
misunderstanding or deficiency in judgment. The People also pointed out that
“defendant’s understanding of the negotiated plea is further shown by the defendant’s
failure to attend the surrender [and sentencing] date. In addition to simply failing to
surrender as promised, the defendant fled his previous residence location and was not
located in the same area, but rather miles away.”
Defendant’s plea form (see fn. 1, ante) contained representations that defendant
had not been threatened or coerced, that he understood his rights and the consequences of
his plea, and that he had had time to discuss all matters, including defenses, with his
attorney. The plea form also included representations from defense counsel that
defendant had had an adequate opportunity to discuss all these matters, and that the
attorney was satisfied that defendant understood his rights and the consequences of the
plea.
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In the meantime, negotiations proceeded on the new failure to appear case; the
pending sentencing on the old criminal threats case was included in the negotiations, to
obtain a global settlement of both cases. On July 15, 2013, defendant agreed to plead to
the court on the new charge, and to be sentenced on the old charges, to run consecutively
to the new charge. Defendant orally agreed in open court to withdraw his motion seeking
to withdraw his guilty pleas in the old case.
The court then took defendant’s change of plea on the failure to appear case,
and sentenced him as follows: The court denied probation and sentenced defendant to
the low term of two years eight months in state prison (i.e., 16 months, pursuant to
Pen. Code, § 1170, subd. (h), which was then doubled because of defendant’s strike in
the old case), plus two years, to be served consecutively, on an enhancement under
Penal Code section 12022.1, for committing the new offense while released from custody
before judgment became final on the felony primary offense.
On the criminal threats and stalking charges, the court again denied probation,
and sentenced defendant to a consecutive state prison term of eight months on the
criminal threats count (one-third the middle term of two years), and a concurrent term of
eight months on the stalking count. The court also issued a criminal protective order in
favor of the victims and their family members. The court dismissed the remaining counts
in the interest of justice, after defendant was sentenced on counts 2 and 4.
On the same day, July 15, 2013, defendant filed a notice of appeal in both cases.
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ANALYSIS
On his appeal, defendant requested appointment of counsel to represent him.
Counsel has now filed a brief under the authority of People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d
436 and Anders v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 738 [87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493],
setting forth a brief summary of the facts and a statement of the case. Counsel has
identified one potential arguable issue: whether the trial court erred in sentencing
defendant in the failure to appear case as a second striker, when he had pleaded guilty to
a strike offense, but had not yet been sentenced on the strike offense. Defendant has been
offered an opportunity to file a personal supplemental brief, which he has not done.
Pursuant to the mandate of People v. Kelly (2006) 40 Cal.4th 106, we have
conducted an independent review of the entire record, and find no arguable issues.
As appellate defense counsel has noted, for purposes of a conviction statute, the
conviction occurs at the time a guilty plea is entered. (People v. Castello (1998) 65
Cal.App.4th 1242, 1253.) A finding of guilt upon a guilty plea is a conviction within the
meaning of “prior offense” statutes. (People v. Johnson (1989) 210 Cal.App.3d 316,
325.) The “Three Strikes” law was intended to construe the term “conviction” to mean a
verdict or guilty plea, except in the case of “wobblers,” where the initial sentence
determines whether the offense is converted from a felony to a misdemeanor. (See
People v. Franklin (1997) 57 Cal.App.4th 68, 72-73; Pen. Code, § 667, subd. (d)(1).)
Even when the court has not imposed a sentence, the validity of a prior conviction stands
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for purposes of enhancement statutes. (People v. Shirley (1993) 18 Cal.App.4th 40, 46-
47.)
No basis for reversal appears.
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
McKINSTER
J.
We concur:
RAMIREZ
P. J.
HOLLENHORST
J.
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