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SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No. CV-14-111
Opinion Delivered March 13, 2013
ABRAHAM GRANT PRO SE MOTIONS TO VACATE
APPELLANT ORDER, FOR COPY OF RECORD,
FOR EXTENSION OF BRIEF TIME,
v. AND FOR APPOINTMENT OF
COUNSEL [LINCOLN COUNTY
RAY HOBBS, DIRECTOR, ARKANSAS CIRCUIT COURT, No. 40CV-13-100]
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION
APPELLEE HONORABLE JODI RAINES DENNIS,
JUDGE
APPEAL DISMISSED; MOTIONS
MOOT.
PER CURIAM
In 2003, appellant Abraham Grant was found guilty by a jury of capital murder and first-
degree battery and sentenced to an aggregate term of life imprisonment without parole. We
affirmed. Grant v. State, 357 Ark. 91, 161 S.W.3d 785 (2004).
In 2013, appellant filed in the circuit court located in the county in which he was
incarcerated a pro se petition for declaratory judgment pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated
section 16-111-102 (Repl. 2006). In the petition, appellant sought to overturn the judgment in
his criminal case by challenging the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the judgment, claiming
that he was denied due process of law, and alleging that there was error in his trial, including the
introduction into evidence of perjured testimony. The circuit court ruled that appellant had not
stated a ground for a declaratory judgment and dismissed the petition. Appellant lodged an
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appeal here from the order, and he now seeks by pro se motions a copy of the record to prepare
his brief, an extension of brief time, appointment of counsel, and to vacate the order.
Appellant’s motion to vacate the order is not entirely clear, but he appears to contend that the
circuit court did not grasp that his petition was based on the argument that there was a
controversy between him and the State as to whether he was denied due process of law at his
trial. In short, appellant contends that he was asking the circuit court to declare that he was
entitled to have the judgment-and-commitment order in his case vacated.
As it is clear that the appeal is totally without merit, the appeal is dismissed. The
motions are moot. Regardless of the label placed on the petition that appellant filed in the
circuit court, it was a petition for postconviction relief challenging the judgment-and-
commitment order entered in appellant’s criminal case that should have been addressed to the
trial court in a timely petition. See Stanley v. State, 2013 Ark. 483 (per curiam). The appeal will
not be permitted to proceed inasmuch as it is clear that appellant could not prevail. See Mason
v. State, 2014 Ark. 29 (per curiam).
First, appellant invoked section 16-111-102, which provides that the purpose of the
declaratory-judgment statutory scheme is to settle and to afford relief from uncertainty and
insecurity with respect to rights, status, and other legal relations. McCutchen v. City of Ft. Smith,
2012 Ark. 452, ___ S.W.3d ___. A petition for declaratory judgment is civil in nature. Wiggins
v. State, 299 Ark. 180, 771 S.W.2d 759 (1989). This court has held that there are four requisite
conditions before declaratory relief may be granted: (1) there must exist a justiciable controversy;
(2) the controversy must be between persons whose interests are adverse; (3) the party seeking
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relief must have a legal interest in the controversy; (4) the issue involved in the controversy must
be ripe for judicial determination. Arkansas Dep’t of Human Servs. v. Ross-Lawhon, 290 Ark. 578,
721 S.W.2d 658 (1986). The declared legislative purpose is “to settle and to afford relief from
uncertainty and insecurity with respect to rights, status, and other legal relations.” Ark. Code
Ann. § 16-111-102(a). Appellant offered nothing to establish that the statute was intended to
provide a means to attack a judgment of conviction in a criminal case, and the circuit court did
not err by declining to apply the statute to appellant’s criminal case.
The allegations raised by appellant should have been addressed at trial, on the record on
direct appeal, or in a timely filed petition pursuant to Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.1
(2003) filed in the trial court. His attempt to convert the declaratory-judgment statute into a
postconviction remedy was not founded on proper procedure.
Appeal dismissed; motions moot.
Abraham Grant, pro se appellant.
Dustin McDaniel, Att’y Gen., by: Eileen W. Harrison, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.
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Grant v. Hobbs
Combined Opinion