STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
In Re: C.S.
June 2, 2014
RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
No. 14-0021 (Randolph County 13-JA-13) SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner Father, by counsel Timothy H. Prentice, appeals the Circuit Court of Randolph
County’s December 10, 2013, order terminating his parental rights to the child, C.S. The West
Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee A. Niezgoda,
filed its response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem, David H.
Wilmoth, filed a response on behalf of the child supporting the circuit court’s order. On appeal,
petitioner alleges that the circuit court erred in finding that his “Intent To Relinquish For
Adoption The Unborn Child, [C.S.]” (“Intent to Relinquish”) was invalid, in denying him a
dispositional improvement period, and in terminating his parental rights.
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Prior to the current abuse and neglect proceedings, the mother’s parental rights to five
older children were involuntarily terminated in three prior abuse and neglect proceedings.
Petitioner was the biological father of two of these children, and he voluntarily relinquished his
parental rights to those children during the associated abuse and neglect proceedings. In January
of 2008, the mother’s parental rights to her three eldest children were terminated after petitioner
severely abused his son, C.P. Jr., who was then approximately ten weeks old. Petitioner’s abuse
resulted in skull and rib fractures, and such severe head trauma that C.P. Jr. required a partial
lobotomy and multiple blood transfusions. As a result, the child, now six years old, remains
significantly developmentally delayed. According to the circuit court, petitioner was criminally
indicted for malicious assault and child abuse resulting in serious bodily injury in regard to this
abuse; he later pled guilty to the lesser charge of child abuse resulting in bodily injury and was
sentenced to a term of incarceration of one to ten years. Petitioner was released after two and a
half years of incarceration.
In September of 2009, the mother’s parental rights to a fourth child were terminated after
the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition alleging aggravated circumstances, though this
child was not petitioner’s biological child. In December of 2011, after petitioner’s release from
incarceration, he and the mother had another child, and the DHHR again filed an abuse and
neglect petition alleging aggravated circumstances. During the proceedings, petitioner
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voluntarily relinquished his parental rights to this child and the mother’s parental rights were
involuntarily terminated.
On March 22, 2013, the mother gave birth to her sixth child, C.S. Petitioner is C.S.’s
biological father. Approximately one month prior to the child’s birth, petitioner and the mother
were married, and the two signed the Intent to Relinquish to demonstrate their intent to allow
C.S. to leave the hospital in the custody of the mother’s parents and later be adopted by them.
However, the DHHR intervened and obtained emergency custody shortly after the child left the
hospital. Based upon the mother’s prior involuntary terminations of parental rights and
petitioner’s history of severe abuse, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against the
parents on March 25, 2013. The maternal grandparents were initially joined as interested parties,
but later withdrew their request for custody of the child at a July 2, 2013 hearing.
Petitioner waived his right to a preliminary hearing, and on May 13, 2013, the circuit
court held a hearing to determine the validity of the parents’ Intent to Relinquish. Because it was
not signed at least seventy-two hours after the child’s birth, as required by West Virginia Code §
48-22-302, the circuit court found the document invalid. On June 2, 2013, the circuit court held
an evidentiary hearing to determine whether the conditions in the home had undergone a
substantial change in circumstances since the prior termination of parental rights. Petitioner
offered no evidence in support of his changed circumstances, other than a proffer by counsel that
petitioner completed anger management and parenting classes while incarcerated. As such, the
circuit court declined to find that the parents made a substantial change in their circumstances.
Thereafter, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing, at the conclusion of which it terminated
petitioner’s parental rights to the child. It is from the dispositional order that petitioner appeals.
The Court has previously established the following standard of review:
“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).
Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, the Court finds
no error in the circuit court’s finding that the Intent to Relinquish was invalid or in terminating
petitioner’s parental rights without a dispositional improvement period.
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According to West Virginia Code § 48-22-302, “[n]o consent or relinquishment may be
executed before the expiration of seventy-two hours after the birth of the child to be adopted.” It
is uncontroverted that petitioner and the mother executed their Intent to Relinquish prior to the
child’s birth and failed to execute a proper document following the statutorily mandated seventy-
two hour period after the child’s birth. While petitioner argues that the Intent to Relinquish
should have been considered valid because of his express intention to later comply with the
necessary post-birth documents, the record is clear that no such documents were ever executed.
This is in spite of the fact that petitioner had custody of the child beyond the seventy-two hour
period required to execute a valid document consenting to the child’s adoption. As such, the
circuit court was correct in finding that the invalid document did nothing to protect C.S. because
“the [parents] could at any time later reassert parental rights to the child.” Accordingly, the
circuit court found that the lack of a valid Intent to Relinquish made “[c]ourt intervention . . .
absolutely necessary.” Because petitioner failed to comply with the requirements of West
Virginia Code § 48-22-302, the circuit court was correct in finding the Intent to Relinquish
invalid.
Further, the circuit court did not err in denying petitioner’s request for a dispositional
improvement period. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-6-12(c)(2), a circuit court has
discretion to grant a dispositional improvement period if the parent “demonstrates, by clear and
convincing evidence, that [he or she] is likely to fully participate in the improvement period . . .
.” The record here is clear that petitioner could not satisfy this burden. Petitioner’s assertion that
he completed parenting and anger management classes in prison is both unproven and
insufficient in terms of satisfying his burden in regard to obtaining a dispositional improvement
period. Simply put, petitioner has failed to accept responsibility for his actions regarding the
severe abuse inflicted upon his older child, C.P. Jr.
In his appellate brief, petitioner plainly states that “the injuries to [C.P. Jr.] were
accidental.” Further, petitioner states that he entered his guilty plea in the associated criminal
case pursuant to North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25 (1970), which allows criminal defendants
to enter guilty pleas without actually admitting guilt. This is in spite of the fact that expert
medical testimony in the prior abuse and neglect matter established that C.P. Jr.’s injuries were
so severe that they could not have been caused accidentally or in a manner consistent with the
parent’s explanation of events.
We have previously held that
[i]n order to remedy the abuse and/or neglect problem, the problem must first be
acknowledged. Failure to acknowledge the existence of the problem, i.e., the truth
of the basic allegation pertaining to the alleged abuse and neglect or the
perpetrator of said abuse and neglect, results in making the problem untreatable
and in making an improvement period an exercise in futility at the child’s
expense.
In re Timber M., 231 W.Va. 44, --, 743 S.E.2d 352, 363 (2013) (quoting In re: Charity H., 215
W.Va. 208, 217, 599 S.E.2d 631, 640 (2004)). By petitioner’s own admission, he still contends
he did nothing wrong in regard to the substantial injuries inflicted upon C.P. Jr. As such, it is
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clear that petitioner failed to acknowledge the existence of the prior abuse that child suffered and
continued to endanger C.S. by refusing to remedy the issues that led to the prior abuse and
neglect proceedings. As such, the circuit court was correct to deny petitioner an improvement
period, as the same would have amounted to nothing more than “an exercise in futility” at C.S.’s
expense.
Further, this evidence supports the circuit court’s termination of petitioner’s parental
rights. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-6-5(b)(3), a situation in which there is no reasonable
likelihood that the conditions of abuse and neglect can be substantially corrected in the near
future includes one in which “[t]he abusing parent . . . [has] not responded to or followed through
with a reasonable family case plan or other rehabilitative efforts of social, medical, mental health
or other rehabilitative agencies designed to reduce or prevent the abuse or neglect of the child . . .
.” As noted above, petitioner’s continued failure to accept responsibility for C.P. Jr.’s abuse
resulted in a significant danger to C.S. While petitioner argues that he participated in parenting
and anger management classes while incarcerated, the fact that he continues to deny his
responsibility for C.P. Jr.’s severe abuse illustrates that he was unwilling to comply with
rehabilitative efforts designed to protect C.S. The evidence supports the circuit court’s findings
that there was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could substantially correct the conditions
of abuse or neglect in the near future and that termination was necessary for the child’s welfare.
Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-6-5(a)(6), circuit courts are directed to terminate parental
rights upon these findings.
For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court and its
December 10, 2013, order is hereby affirmed.
Affirmed.
ISSUED: June 2, 2014
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II
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