COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Kelsey, Beales and Senior Judge Clements
UNPUBLISHED
LORI D. BURCHETTE
MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v. Record No. 2334-13-1 PER CURIAM
JUNE 3, 2014
ANTHONY CURTIS BURCHETTE
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF NORFOLK
Charles E. Poston, Judge
(Mary Elizabeth Davis; Davis Law Office, P.C., on brief), for
appellant.
(Robert F. Hagans, Jr., on brief), for appellee.
Lori D. Burchette (wife) appeals from a November 4, 2013 final decree awarding Anthony
Curtis Burchette (husband) a divorce a vinculo matrimonii. On appeal, wife contends the trial court
erred (1) “in striking [her] Answer, as notice for the motion was purportedly served via mail based
on [wife’s] failure to sign the Answer, and the notice was procedurally defective and actually not
received,” (2) “in proceeding on this matter without a scheduling order, as is required by local rule
for the Circuit Court of Norfolk,” (3) “in proceeding in the 2013 matter from a notice in the 2011
matter,” (4) “in entering a divorce decree where facts were not corroborated by a witness,” and
(5) “in entering a divorce in this matter without reserving support and equitable distribution.”
Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude this appeal is without
merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
BACKGROUND
The parties married in July 1990. Husband filed a complaint seeking a divorce on June 26,
2013. The complaint was properly served at wife’s address. Wife filed an answer to summons on
July 18, 2013, without counsel and without a signature. On August 26, 2013, husband, by counsel,
filed a motion to strike the answer for want of wife’s signature, as required by Rule 1:4(C). A copy
of the motion was mailed to wife’s home address. The trial court heard argument on the motion
September 6, 2013 and granted the motion to strike wife’s answer. The trial court allowed wife
twenty-one days to file an amended answer. On November 4, 2013, the trial court heard argument
on husband’s complaint. The trial court granted husband a divorce a vinculo matrimonii. The
court’s order indicates wife was present and objected to the entry of the order. No reasons for her
objection are stated on the order. On November 25, 2013, wife, by counsel, filed a motion to set
aside the final decree. On December 4, 2013, wife filed her notice of appeal.
ANALYSIS
I.
Code § 20-99 provides that process in a suit for divorce may be served in any manner
authorized by Code § 8.01-296. Here, the initial complaint was served on wife in compliance with
Code § 8.01-296 by posting on the front door of wife’s usual place of abode. Rule 1:12 permits
papers after the initial process to be served on counsel of record by mail. Rule 1:5 provides that
“‘[c]ounsel of record’ includes a counsel or party who has signed a pleading in the case or who has
notified the other parties and the clerk in writing that he appears in the case.”
Husband argues wife’s filing of the unsigned answer to the summons acted as notification to
the clerk that she was representing herself pro se and was therefore counsel of record. Wife
contends that because the answer was unsigned, she had not made an appearance, was not counsel
of record, and therefore was not properly served with the motion to strike the answer for lack of a
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signature. However, by making a general appearance at the November 4, 2013 hearing, wife
waived any objection to the defect in the service.
[I]f a writ issues irregularly or the service thereof is imperfect a
party may appear specially and plead in abatement, but where he
does neither and appears generally, then whatever may have been
the defect in the process or the service is waived, for general
appearance constitutes waiver of such defect.
Scott v. Scott, 142 Va. 31, 35-36, 128 S.E. 599, 600 (1925). See generally Ceyte v. Ceyte, 222 Va.
11, 14, 278 S.E.2d 791, 792 (1981) (any action taken by a litigant which recognizes the case as
before the court amounts to a general appearance unless such action’s sole purpose is to contest
jurisdiction). Accordingly, wife has waived this issue.
II.
Rule 1:18 allows a trial court to enter a pretrial scheduling order. Wife complains that no
scheduling order was entered in this matter. However, she points to no authority to support her
proposition that this was error. Here, the matter was proceeding uncontested as wife did not file an
amended answer to summons. Additionally, wife did not ask the court for a scheduling order or
object to the absence of such order. She asserts on appeal that she “was not legally sophisticated
enough to request the entry of the scheduling order when [husband’s] counsel did not do so.”
However, “[e]ven pro se litigants must comply with the rules of court.” Francis v. Francis, 30
Va. App. 584, 591, 518 S.E.2d 842, 846 (1999). We find no error with the trial court’s actions.
III.
Wife claims her mailed notice of the November 4, 2013 hearing listed the case number from
a 2011 nonsuited case between the parties. She asserts she “was given inadequate notice to
safeguard her interests.” However, the record does not include the notice wife claims was defective.
We have many times pointed out that on appeal the
judgment of the lower court is presumed to be correct and the
burden is on the appellant to present to us a sufficient record from
which we can determine whether the lower court has erred in the
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respect complained of. If the appellant fails to do this, the
judgment will be affirmed.
Smith v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 630, 635, 432 S.E.2d 2, 6 (1993) (citing Justis v. Young, 202
Va. 631, 632, 119 S.E.2d 255, 256-57 (1961)).
IV. and V.
“When the appellant fails to ensure that the record contains transcripts or a written
statement of facts necessary to permit resolution of appellate issues, any assignments of error
affected by such omission shall not be considered.” Rule 5A:8(b)(4)(ii).
Here, a transcript or a written statement of facts complying with Rule 5A:8(c) is
indispensable to determining whether the trial court erred. See Anderson v. Commonwealth, 13
Va. App. 506, 508-09, 413 S.E.2d 75, 76-77 (1992); Turner v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 96,
99-100, 341 S.E.2d 400, 402 (1986). The record contains no transcripts or written statement of
facts of the court proceedings in this case.
Wife had the responsibility to provide a complete record to the appellate court. Twardy
v. Twardy, 14 Va. App. 651, 658, 419 S.E.2d 848, 852 (1992) (en banc). This Court “will not
search the record for errors in order to interpret the appellant’s contention and correct
deficiencies in a brief.” Buchanan v. Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56, 415 S.E.2d 237, 239
(1992). Nor is it this Court’s “function to comb through the record . . . in order to ferret-out for
ourselves the validity of [appellant’s] claims.” Fitzgerald v. Bass, 6 Va. App. 38, 56 n.7, 366
S.E.2d 615, 625 n.7 (1988) (en banc). Because a transcript or written statement of facts is
indispensable to a determination of these assignments of error, we do not address them. Where a
party fails to file a transcript that is indispensable to the disposition of the appeal, the affected
issues are waived. See Shiembob v. Shiembob, 55 Va. App. 234, 246, 685 S.E.2d 192, 198-99
(2009).
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Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, we summarily affirm the trial court’s decision.
See Rule 5A:27.
Affirmed.
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