STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
Avon Hill Farms, Inc., a West Virginia FILED
corporation; and Mervin E. Roderick, II, June 13, 2014
Defendants Below, Petitioners RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
vs) No. 13-0977 (Jefferson County 06-C-368)
Marlyn Keesecker and Lorelei Freshman,
Plaintiffs Below, Respondents
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioners and defendants below, Avon Hill Farms, Inc., and Mervin E. Roderick, II, by
counsel Richard G. Gay and Nathan P. Cochran, appeal the August 20, 2013, order of the Circuit
Court of Jefferson County denying their West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure 59(e) motion to
alter or amend the circuit court’s July 3, 2013, order allowing the sale of property by a special
receiver or, alternatively, their motion for relief from judgment under Rule 60(b). Respondents
and plaintiffs below, Marlyn Keesecker and Lorelei Freshman, by counsel William J. Powell,
filed a response to which petitioners filed a reply.
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Respondents were shareholders in Petitioner Avon Hill Farms, Inc. (“Avon”), a closely
held West Virginia corporation. Respondents Marlyn Keesecker and Lorelei Freshman, along
with another shareholder, Betrinna Truitt, each owned a 9.52% interest in Avon.1 The remainder
of the shares (approximately 71.0%) was owned by Respondent Mervin E. Roderick, II.2 At all
times relevant, Avon was an on-going entity with its primary assets in real property in Jefferson
County, West Virginia. In addition to being the majority stockholder, Roderick was the president
1
The parties are siblings. Although Truitt was a named plaintiff in the underlying action,
petitioners represent that she “disclaim[ed] interest in the suit below.” Although she is not a
respondent in the present appeal, for ease of reference, all three plaintiffs below will be
collectively referred to as “respondents” herein.
2
For ease of reference, Petitioners Avon and Roderick will be collectively referred to as
“Roderick.”
1
of Avon and was responsible for the handling of the business operations. It is undisputed that he
owed a fiduciary responsibility to respondents, the minority shareholders.
In 2005, it was discovered by respondents that Avon property had been sold by Roderick
for an amount in excess of $3,000,000.00, which triggered tax consequences to the minority
shareholders.3 On October 25, 2005, Keesecker and Truitt filed an application for order of
inspection in the Circuit Court of Jefferson County, pursuant to West Virginia Code §§ 31D-16
1601 through 31D-16-1620 of the West Virginia Business Corporation Act. Respondent
Freshman intervened in the action in April 2006. Respondents requested the production of
corporate records for inspection. Roderick failed to respond and judgment was entered against
them.
Preliminary review of the records indicated an unauthorized spending of Avon assets by
Roderick. On August 31, 2006, the circuit court granted respondents’ requests for a temporary
restraining order to freeze the corporate assets and for the appointment of the Trust Department
of the Bank of Charles Town to act as a General Receiver for Avon. An injunction freezing the
corporate assets was subsequently granted.
On November 2, 2006, respondents filed a civil action alleging fraud, conversion, and
breach of fiduciary duty by Roderick. They also sought dissolution of Avon and the appointment
of a Special Receiver to assist in the winding up of the business affairs, pursuant to West
Virginia Code § 31D-14-1432.4 Roderick failed to respond or otherwise appear and judgment
3
According to the complaint, given that Avon was incorporated as a Sub-Chapter S
corporation under the Internal Revenue Code, shareholders such as respondents “are subject to
certain tax liabilities when Avon Hill has taxable income. Shareholders are also impacted when
losses occur.”
4
West Virginia Code §31D-14-1432 provides, in relevant part, as follows:
(a) A circuit court in a judicial proceeding brought to dissolve a corporation may
appoint one or more receivers to wind up and liquidate, or one or more
custodians to manage, the business and affairs of the corporation. The circuit
court shall hold a hearing, after notifying all parties to the proceeding and any
interested persons designated by the circuit court, before appointing a receiver
or custodian. The circuit court appointing a receiver or custodian has
exclusive jurisdiction over the corporation and all of its property wherever
located.
....
(c) The circuit court shall describe the powers and duties of the receiver or
custodian in its appointing order, which may be amended from time to time.
Among other powers:
(1) The receiver: (A) May dispose of all or any part of the assets of the
corporation wherever located, at a public or private sale, if authorized by the
2
was entered in favor of respondents on July 5, 2007. The circuit court appointed attorney John
K. Dorsey as Special Receiver to conduct a full accounting of Avon’s financial activities for the
preceding five years and to make recommendations regarding damages. The circuit court also
awarded damages and attorney’s fees in amounts to be determined at a later date.
Thereafter, the Special Receiver submitted two reports to the circuit court within the
course of eleven months and employed an accounting firm to examine Avon’s records, which
submitted its resulting financial reports to the circuit court on October 8, 2008. Evidence
presented by the Special Receiver and the accountants substantiated the allegations in the
complaint: that in 2004, with no prior notice to the minority shareholders, Roderick sold a
significant piece of Avon property for over $3,000,000.00; that he used the profit from the sale to
finance his personal lifestyle; that, according to the accountants, he made more than $500,000.00
in inappropriate unauthorized “distributions” of assets to himself between 2003 and 2007; and
that $139,000.00 was “loaned” to or misappropriated by Roderick acquaintances. Additionally,
Roderick used corporate assets to purchase vacation property and failed to insure Avon’s
Jefferson County farm house (where he lived), which subsequently burned to the ground.
By order entered December 30, 2008, the circuit court concluded that none of the
foregoing transactions “were authorized, agreed to, or were otherwise in the best interests of
Avon or the minority shareholders[;]” that “Roderick used the Avon assets as his own to the
great detriment of the minority shareholders[;]” and that “Roderick’s fraud and conversion
[were] carried out in a willful, wanton[,] and reckless manner which also breached his fiduciary
obligations to the minority shareholders and constitute[d] an improper conversion of property.”
The circuit court determined that respondents were entitled to damages, including attorney’s
fees, pursuant to West Virginia Code §31D-16-1604.
The circuit court further found as follows:
[T]he fraud perpetrated upon the minority shareholders of Avon significantly
devalued those shares as said value is determined by the value of the corporate
assets in this closely held corporation. The damages awarded in accordance with
this order are intended to compensate for the damage to the minority
shareholders’ share value by permitting the Special Receiver to sell assets to pay
the damages awarded herein over the time necessary to obtain the maximum value
for the minority shareholders. The court also notes the fraud occurred at a time in
the real estate market when property was at its highest value, and that that value
may never again be regained by the minority shareholders as the vast majority of
the corporate value is in its real property. Hence, Mr. Roderick perpetrated his
fraud at a time when he could gain the most from his improper activity, and the
minority shareholders would be damaged the most. The court recognizes that the
damages awarded may not return the full value to the minority shareholders of the
damages caused by this fraud.
circuit court; and (B) may sue and defend in his or her own name as receiver of
the corporation in all circuit courts of this State. . . .
3
Accordingly, the Court Orders as follows:
A. Special Receiver John K. Dorsey is to continue as Special
Receiver pursuant to W.Va. Code, §31D-14-1432(c)(1). In that
capacity, Mr. Dorsey is at all times to take that action he deems
necessary to maximize remaining Avon assets for the benefit of
its shareholders. Mr. Dorsey is to make distributions to the
shareholders, Keesecker, Truitt, Freshman, and Roderick in
25% equal shares, as assets are liquidated. . . .The Court notes
that the Plaintiffs mutually agree that Avon’s real property
should not be sold immediately, and the Court concurs, but it is
in the Special Receiver’s discretion on when would be the right
time to sell the real property, and in what manner to do so to
maximize the benefits to the shareholders. . . .
....
C. Plaintiffs’ Attorney’s fees shall be paid by the Special Receiver
as part of the initial distribution from Roderick’s share of
distribution as the court has found the requested fees to be
reasonable and appropriate, that it was due to Roderick’s
conduct which caused the fees to be incurred and that
Plaintiffs’ fees and costs are specifically allowable by statute.
....
F. The Court’s finding of damages attempts to compensate the
minority shareholders for their loss of share value, and to make
the Plaintiffs whole. However, it should be noted that the court
finds Roderick’s conduct, as established by the uncontested
evidence, more than sufficient to justify compensatory and
punitive damages in excess of those awarded here.
On or about March 19, 2009, Roderick filed a Rule 60(b) motion to vacate the July 5,
2007, and December 30, 2008, orders for lack of jurisdiction, or, in the alternative, for relief
from judgment, to which respondents filed a joint response. By order entered September 16,
2009, the circuit court denied Roderick’s motion. Roderick did not appeal the circuit court’s
September 16, 2009, order.
On May 15, 2013, respondents filed a motion requesting that the circuit court allow the
sale of 179.5 acres of Avon’s property known as the Daily Farm. On May 30, 2013, Roderick
filed a motion opposing the sale of the property.5 By order entered July 3, 2013, the circuit court
5
The circuit court previously entered an order granting respondents’ motion; however,
because the order was entered before Roderick had an opportunity to respond to respondents’
motion, the order was subsequently vacated.
4
granted respondents’ motion to approve the sale of the farm, finding, inter alia, that respondents
“seek[] to have the Farm sold so that distributions can be made to shareholders and taxes can be
paid[;]” and further, that the “[s]ale . . . is consistent with the prior Orders of this Court regarding
the work of the Special Receiver and is in the interest of the shareholders.” The circuit court thus
ordered that the Special Receiver is “(1) to take such actions as necessary to market and sell the
Daily Farm, and (2) to deposit the monies obtained from such sale in an appropriate escrow
account at his discretion for future distribution.” Thereafter, on July 17, 2013, Roderick filed a
Rule 59(e) motion to alter or amend the July 3, 2013, order or, in the alternative, a Rule 60(b)
motion for relief from judgment. By order entered August 20, 2013, the circuit court denied
Roderick’s motions, concluding, inter alia, that they were “untimely and improper;” “seek to re-
litigate aged and decided matters;” and “[t]he substance of the arguments for relief offer no merit
for a change in judgment[.]”6 This appeal followed.
Our review of the circuit court’s order is governed by the following standard: “An appeal
of the denial of a Rule 60(b) motion brings to consideration for review only the order of denial
itself and not the substance supporting the underlying judgment nor the final judgment order.”
Syl. Pt. 3, Toler v. Shelton, 157 W.Va. 778, 204 S.E.2d 85 (1974). Therefore, “[i]n reviewing an
order denying a motion under Rule 60(b), W.Va.R.C.P., the function of the appellate court is
limited to deciding whether the trial court abused its discretion in ruling that sufficient grounds
for disturbing the finality of the judgment were not shown in a timely manner.” 157 W.Va. at
778, 204 S.E.2d at 86, at syl. pt. 4. Indeed, “[a] motion to vacate a judgment made pursuant to
Rule 60(b), W.Va.R.C.P. is addressed to the sound discretion of the court and the court’s ruling
on such motion will not be disturbed on appeal unless there is a showing of an abuse of such
discretion.” 157 W.Va. at 778, 204 S.E.2d at 86, at syl. pt. 5.
Roderick raises three assignments of error challenging the circuit court’s December 30,
2008, judgment order that, as discussed in detail above, concluded that Roderick committed
fraud and conversion, breached his fiduciary obligation to the minority shareholders, and
awarded damages and attorney’s fees. As previously noted, Roderick timely filed a Rule 60(b)
motion seeking relief from the December 23, 2008, judgment order, and that motion was denied
by order entered September 16, 2009. It is undisputed that Roderick never appealed the circuit
court’s order denying his Rule 60(b) motion. In the present appeal, Roderick argues that the
circuit court’s July 3, 2013, order approving the marketing and sale of Avon assets (the Daily
Farm) failed to recognize that the December 23, 2008, judgment order (1) “violate[d] West
6
We note that Roderick’s alternative Rule 59(e) and 60(b) motions were filed more than
ten days after the circuit court’s order approving the sale of the farm property. This Court has
stated that “[i]f the motion is filed within ten days of the circuit court’s entry of judgment, the
motion is treated as a motion to alter or amend under Rule 59(e). If the motion is filed outside the
ten-day limit, it can only be addressed under Rule 60(b).” Syl. Pt. 2, in part, Powderidge Unit
Owners Ass’n v. Highland Props., Ltd., 196 W.Va. 692, 474 S.E.2d 872 (1996). Therefore, we
will address the circuit court’s August 20, 2013, order denying Roderick’s motions under Rule
60(b).
5
Virginia Law, including the mandates of Garnes v. Fleming Landfill[;]”7 (2) “unlawfully
delegate[d] judicial authority to the Special Receiver[,]” giving him unbridled discretion with
regard to the sale and distribution of Avon assets; and (3) “create[d] an unlawful distribution of
property in derogation of Roderick’s private property rights.” Roderick appears to acknowledge
that an effort to now appeal the circuit court’s September 16, 2009, order denying his Rule 60(b)
motion, would be untimely,8 given that he claims that the present appeal is “not a collateral
attack” on the underlying December 23, 2008, judgment order. Rather, the essence of Roderick’s
arguments is that the July 3, 2013, order (the subject of this appeal) is a continuous, ongoing
application of the circuit court’s December 23, 2008, judgment order and “the culmination of the
punitive effect” initiated by that order. We disagree and find no error.
The circuit court’s September 16, 2009, order denying Roderick’s Rule 60(b) motion was
a final, appealable order,9 “leav[ing] nothing to be done but to enforce by execution what has
been determined.” Syl. Pt. 1, in part, Turner ex rel. Turner v. Turner, 223 W.Va. 106, 672 S.E.2d
242 (2008). To that end, the appointed Special Receiver acted pursuant to his statutory authority
and the authority conferred upon him by the circuit court’s December 23, 2008, order. See W.Va.
Code § 31D-14-1431(b) (authorizing circuit court to appoint receiver “with all powers and duties
the circuit court directs. . . .”) and West Virginia Code § 31D-14-1432. Having failed to appeal
the September 16, 2009, order, Roderick may not now collaterally attack the order by creatively
arguing that, in its July 3, 2013, order, the circuit court “failed to recognize” its “errors” in the
December 23, 2008, underlying judgment order. See Hustead on Behalf of Adkins v. Ashland Oil,
Inc., 197 W.Va. 55, 60, 475 S.E.2d 55, 60 (1996) (stating that “[t]he Appellant admittedly chose
not to file a direct appeal from the circuit court's final order. That decision resulted in the
judgment becoming final and subject to the principles of res judicata.”). We, therefore, find no
abuse of discretion in the circuit court’s August 20, 2013, order that approved the marketing and
sale of the Daily Farm.
The fourth and final assignment of error raised by Roderick is that the circuit court’s
order approving the marketing and sale of the Daily Farm failed to “recognize that the sale is
untimely because real estate values are low” and, therefore, would be detrimental to all parties.
Roderick argues that allowing the sale of the property at this time directly violates the circuit
court’s December 23, 2008, order, which ordered the Special Receiver “to maximize remaining
Avon assets for the benefit of its shareholders.” Roderick contends that, given that “[c]urrent
7
186 W.Va. 656, 413 S.E.2d 897 (1991) (setting forth factors to be considered in
awarding punitive damages).
8
See W.Va.R.App.P. 5(f) (providing, in relevant part, that “[u]nless otherwise provided
by law, an appeal must be perfected within four months of the date the judgment being appealed
was entered in the office of the circuit clerk. . . .”); West Virginia Code § 58-5-4 (stating, in
relevant part, that “[n]o petition shall be presented for an appeal from any judgment rendered
more than four months before such petition is filed with the clerk of the court where the
judgment being appealed was entered. . . .”).
9
See Moten v. Stump, 220 W.Va. 652, 657, 648 S.E.2d 639, 644 (2007) (stating that [t]he
order denying [appellant’s] Rule 60(b) motion was a final appealable order.”).
6
expectations are that real estate values are improving[,]” the circuit court should not have
approved a sale at that time.
In its December 23, 2008, order, the circuit court determined that “the Plaintiffs mutually
agree that Avon’s real property should not be sold immediately, and the Court concurs, but it is
in the Special Receiver’s discretion on when would be the right time to sell the real property, and
in what manner to do so to maximize the benefits to the shareholders. . . .” In its July 3, 2013,
order approving the marketing and sale of Avon property (entered four years after the December
23, 2008, order), the circuit court noted that the Special Receiver “does not object to the sale.”
Respondents argued below that the real estate market has improved10 and that, as the
corporation’s assets are liquidated and distributed, the shareholders personally face significant
potential tax liabilities. As noted above, Roderick argues simply that the circuit court should
have waited for the real estate market to improve before approving the sale of the farm property.
Roderick has failed to demonstrate that the circuit court abused its discretion denying his Rule
60(b) motion given that sufficient grounds for disturbing the finality of the order approving the
sale and marketing of the Daily Farm were not shown. See Toler, 157 W.Va. at 778, 204 S.E.2d
at 86, syl. pt. 4. We, therefore, conclude that the circuit court’s August 20, 2013, order should be
affirmed.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.
Affirmed.
ISSUED: June 13, 2014
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II
10
Petitioners’ argument was supported by real estate market statistic reports for Jefferson
County, West Virginia, from December 2008 through June 2013, indicating that average sale
prices increased during that period.
7