Filed 5/15/14 Modified and Certified for Publication 6/13/14 (order attached)
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION EIGHT
In re J.L., a Person Coming Under the B250566
Juvenile Court Law.
(Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. No. CK99291)
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND
FAMILY SERVICES,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
A.S.,
Defendant and Respondent.
J.L.,
Appellant.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. Robert S.
Draper, Judge. Reversed and remanded.
M. Elizabeth Handy, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Appellant.
Christopher R. Booth, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Respondent.
No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent.
*******
J.L., who was seven years old when she was detained by the Los Angeles County
Department of Children and Family Services in May 2013, appeals the juvenile court‟s
order declining to assert dependency jurisdiction and dismissing the petition under
Welfare and Institutions Code section 300, subdivisions (b) and (d).1 There was
substantial, undisputed evidence that J.L.‟s mother, who has been in and out of prison
throughout the child‟s life, left J.L. for two years with relatives who physically and
sexually abused her. We conclude the record does not contain substantial evidence to
support the order of dismissal, and therefore, we reverse.
BACKGROUND
Mother was released from prison in November 2012, her latest felony
incarceration in a criminal career dating back to 1991. She had left J.L. in the care of
J.L.‟s maternal cousin, Anthony P., and his girlfriend. Mother testified Anthony was a
“second striker” as a result of convictions for terrorist threats he made to loss prevention
personnel at a Walmart store where his sister was shoplifting, in an attempt to help her
get away. Anthony‟s 19-year-old brother, Darnell P., also resided in the home. Anthony
and Darnell are mother‟s nephews. Mother testified she knew Darnell‟s father was a
registered sex offender, and his brothers had criminal histories, but she thought Darnell
was a “good boy.”2
After her release from prison, mother did not have stable housing and was
receiving dialysis for kidney disease, so she continued to leave J.L. in Anthony P.‟s
home. Some months after her release, on April 18, 2013, during a visit with J.L., mother
saw dried blood in her panties. Mother testified J.L. said it was a urine stain, and mother
1 All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
2 There are record references to Anthony P. as J.L.‟s uncle, but we accept as true
mother‟s testimony that Anthony P. and Darnell P. are her oldest sister‟s sons, and
therefore both are J.L.‟s cousins. The court reporter noted mother testified Darnell‟s last
name began with a “T,” but all reports in the record state his last name begins with a “P.”
Although they are brothers, Anthony P. and Darnell P. have different last names and
different fathers.
2
called and spoke with Anthony‟s girlfriend who reported J.L. had been treated for a
urinary tract infection. The next week, however, on April 25, J.L. told mother she had
been repeatedly sexually abused by Darnell P. Mother took J.L. to the hospital, law
enforcement and social workers were brought in, and J.L. gave detailed accounts of what
had happened to her. We do not repeat in this opinion all the details of the rapes that J.L.
reported to the various professionals who interviewed her, nor their observations of her
strange, sexualized behavior and detailed knowledge of sexual matters. It is enough to
recite that J.L. reported that, in addition to having been raped by Darnell in her bed
“every night,” which she said happened “99 times,” she was also forced to orally copulate
a 13-year-old boy family friend while Darnell watched. Apparently, J.L. was afraid if she
told Anthony about Darnell‟s sexual abuse, Anthony would spank her. It is undisputed
that he beat her with a belt when she told him about the incident with the 13-year-old boy
family friend, and on many other occasions.
The parties do not dispute that J.L. was sexually and physically abused as briefly
summarized above. There is inconsistent evidence as to whether J.L. disclosed the sex
abuse to her mother on April 18 or on April 25 (the day before mother took her to the
hospital), and whether mother permitted J.L. to be in Darnell P.‟s presence between those
two dates, and whether mother‟s delay in seeking medical treatment evidenced her failure
to protect J.L. The social worker stated in the detention report that J.L. said she disclosed
the sex abuse to her mother on April 18, that she saw Darnell a few days later, and that
mother took her to the hospital a week later; though J.L. also reported (after she heard the
social worker ask mother why she neglected to seek immediate medical treatment, and
after J.L. was then left alone with mother, who may have coached her) that she first told
mother about the sex abuse the day before mother took her to the hospital.
In the detention report, the social worker reported that she asked mother if mother
believed Anthony P. could ensure J.L.‟s safety, and that mother replied, “No. . . he is on
his second strike [his] dad is a registered sex offender. . . . He was messing with little
girls.” At the jurisdiction hearing, mother testified the registered sex offender was
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Darnell P.‟s father, not Anthony‟s father, that he was “in prison doing a lot of time,” and
he was never around J.L.
Mother also told a social worker that Anthony P. and his girlfriend only wanted
J.L. “for the food stamps and money,” and she testified that was true at the jurisdiction
hearing. She also reported that Anthony had kidnapped J.L. in 2011 and “[Anthony and
his girlfriend] are trying to control me with my daughter.” Mother also told the social
worker that additional family members who cared for J.L. were gang associated and
current abusers of narcotics but that she had not taken these facts into consideration in
making the plan to leave J.L. in Anthony‟s home.
Mother‟s own criminal conduct began in 1991 when she was a juvenile and
included vehicle theft and other property crimes. Mother told the social worker that she
had been arrested four times in her life, but the social worker‟s investigation disclosed
many convictions and incarcerations. As an adult, mother had numerous petty theft
arrests and convictions. She received her first prison sentence for burglary when J.L. was
14 months old. There were several subsequent parole violations and prison sentences for
petty theft, burglary, false impersonation of another, possession of forged notes, and a
narcotics conviction. Mother used 11 different aliases, which may have contributed to
the inconsistent information in the Department‟s reports concerning the number of her
children: The social worker reported mother had 10 children, three of whom mother
claimed as her own, who reside with their father in Texas, and six of whom mother
denied are her children.
During her incarcerations, mother would leave J.L. with relatives, which led to
previous child neglect referrals. On June 30, 2011, a San Bernardino social worker
investigated a report that then five-year-old J.L. was outside without adult supervision.
The social worker made her first face-to-face contact with J.L.‟s maternal aunt,
Leona W., about six weeks after the report. Leona said that mother had left J.L. with her
for three years while mother was in and out of prison. This report of caretaker absence
was deemed unfounded. A previous report of Leona‟s general neglect, when J.L. was
four, and mother was incarcerated, was also deemed unfounded.
4
The petition in this case alleged under section 300, subdivisions (b) and (d) that
mother knew about Darnell P.‟s sexual abuse and failed to protect J.L.; and under
subdivision (b) that mother made an inappropriate plan for J.L. by leaving her with
Anthony P. who struck her with a belt and in whose home J.L. was sexually abused. The
court dismissed the petition because the court believed mother‟s testimony that she had
not anticipated the abuse when she made the plan to leave J.L. with Anthony; Darnell
was now in prison so he was not an ongoing threat to J.L.; and J.L. would be better off
with her mother than in foster care.
DISCUSSION
“We review the juvenile court‟s jurisdictional findings for sufficiency of the
evidence. [Citations.] We review the record to determine whether there is any
substantial evidence to support the juvenile court‟s conclusions, and we resolve all
conflicts and make all reasonable inferences from the evidence to uphold the court‟s
orders, if possible.” (In re David M. (2005) 134 Cal.App.4th 822, 828.) “ „ “The
ultimate test is whether it is reasonable for a trier of fact to make the ruling in question in
light of the whole record.” [Citation.]‟ [Citation.]” (Ibid.)
In this case, we find no reasonable basis for the trial court‟s dismissal of the
petition.
Section 355.1, subdivision (a) provides in pertinent part: “Where the court finds,
based upon competent professional evidence, that an injury . . . sustained by a minor is of
a nature as would ordinarily not be sustained except as the result of the unreasonable or
neglectful acts or omissions of either parent, the guardian, or other person who has the
care or custody of the minor, that finding shall be prima facie evidence that the minor is a
person described by subdivision (a), (b), or (d) of Section 300.” The parties and the court
never questioned the truth or competency of the reports by medical professionals, the
police and the Department social worker that J.L. had been raped regularly, many times,
in Anthony‟s home, and that Anthony beat her when she complained to him of sex abuse
-- injuries that J.L. suffered as a result of the manifestly unreasonable and neglectful acts
and omissions of Anthony, in whose care mother had left J.L. for two years. The
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Department‟s reports provided prima facie evidence that J.L. was a person described by
subdivision (b) of section 300.
Mother‟s testimony at the jurisdiction hearing did not overcome the presumption
that the sexual and physical abuse inflicted on J.L. in the home of Anthony P. was prima
facie evidence that J.L. was a person described by subdivision (b) of section 300. At
most, mother‟s testimony proved she did not know and had no reason to know that
Darnell P. had raped J.L. until sometime in April 2013, shortly before she took J.L. to the
hospital, and she did not know or have any reason to know that J.L. would be raped and
physically abused in Anthony‟s home at the time she made the plan to leave J.L. in his
care. But that evidence was completely beside the point. Whether or not mother knew or
should have known of the abuse, and whether or not she failed to protect J.L. from the
abuse, there is overwhelming and undisputed evidence to support the allegations in
paragraph b-2 of the petition that in 2011, mother made an inappropriate plan to place
J.L. in the care of Anthony, who physically abused J.L. by striking her with a belt, and in
whose home J.L. was sexually abused by Darnell and the 13-year-old boy family friend,
thereby endangering J.L.‟s health and safety.
That the plan to leave J.L. with Anthony P. was inappropriate does not depend on
whether mother knew or should have known that Darnell and the 13-year-old boy family
friend would sexually abuse J.L. Mother admitted knowing many facts about Anthony
that manifestly demonstrated J.L. would be at risk of harm in his home. Mother testified
Anthony only wanted custody of J.L. “for the food stamps and money,” that he had
previously kidnapped J.L., and that he “used [J.L.] to control her.” Mother told the social
worker that additional family members who cared for J.L. were associated with gangs
and abused narcotics, but mother did not take those facts into consideration when making
the plan to leave J.L. in a home where J.L. would be in their presence. When the social
worker asked mother if she believed Anthony could ensure J.L.‟s safety in his home, she
replied, “No. . . he is on his second strike [his] dad is a registered sex offender. . . . He
was messing with little girls.” Mother testified Anthony had two strike convictions for
making terrorist threats to security personnel at a Walmart store, whom Anthony
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threatened to enable his sister to get away with shoplifting from the store. And it matters
not whether Anthony‟s father, or the father of his brother Darnell, was the registered sex
offender who had molested little girls. It is undisputed that, when asked if mother
believed Anthony could ensure J.L.‟s safety in his home, one reason mother gave for
answering “no” was that a family member had been convicted of molesting little girls.
Mother‟s testimony that this family member was “in prison doing a lot of time,” and the
evidence that, by the time of the jurisdiction hearing, Darnell was in custody, is also
utterly beside the point: The point is that considerable, substantial evidence proved
mother made an inappropriate plan to leave J.L. with Anthony; no evidence whatever was
offered to show the plan to leave J.L. with Anthony was appropriate; and while in
Anthony‟s home, J.L. suffered serious physical harm as a result of Anthony‟s failure to
adequately protect her.
Against this overwhelming weight of the statutory presumption and the
Department‟s evidence, the trial court focused on the facts that mother testified truthfully,
Darnell P. was in custody, and J.L. would be better off with mother than in foster care.
No evidence whatsoever suggested that J.L. would be better off with mother than in
foster care; no one suggested J.L. was not being well cared for in her foster placement;
and, more to the point, J.L.‟s placement pertains to disposition, not jurisdiction. And, as
explained above, when considered in light of the record as a whole, the truthfulness of
mother‟s testimony and the fact of Darnell‟s incarceration are insufficient to overcome
the presumption that J.L. was at substantial risk of abuse or neglect. The trial court‟s
findings are insufficient as a matter of law to overcome the presumption that J.L. is a
child described by subdivision (b) of section 300.
We need not consider whether the court also should have sustained the petition
allegations under section 300, subdivision (d). (See In re Ashley B. (2011) 202
Cal.App.4th 968, 979 [“As long as there is one unassailable jurisdictional finding, it is
immaterial that another might be inappropriate.”]; D.M. v. Superior Court (2009) 173
Cal.App.4th 1117, 1127 [“[T]he juvenile court‟s jurisdiction may rest on a single
ground.”]; In re Jonathan B. (1992) 5 Cal.App.4th 873, 875 [where one basis for
7
jurisdiction supported by substantial evidence, court does not need to consider sufficiency
of evidence to support other basis].)
DISPOSITION
For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the trial court‟s order of May 15, 2013, and
remand with instructions to issue a new order finding J.L. is a person described in
section 300, subdivision (b).
GRIMES, J.
We concur:
RUBIN, Acting P. J.
FLIER, J.
8
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION EIGHT
In re J.L., a Person Coming Under the B250566
Juvenile Court Law.
(Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. No. CK99291)
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND
FAMILY SERVICES, ORDER
CERTIFYING OPINION FOR
Plaintiff and Respondent, PUBLICATION, MODIFYING THE
OPINION AND DENYING THE
v. PETITION FOR REHEARING
A.S., [NO CHANGE IN JUDGMENT]
Defendant and Respondent;
J.L.,
Appellant.
The opinion in the above-entitled matter filed on May 15, 2014, was not certified
for publication in the Official Reports. For good cause, it now appears that the opinion
should be published in the Official Reports and it is so ordered.
Also, this opinion is modified as follows:
On the last page, the following sentence is added to the end of the Disposition
part: We express no opinion as to whether subsequent events might support a new
and different order.
There is no change in the judgment.
Respondent‟s petition for rehearing is denied.
_______________________________________________________________________
RUBIN, Acting P. J. FLIER, J. GRIMES, J.