NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 13-3177
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
NIYAZ SAINUDEEN,
Appellant
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On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. No. 5-12-cr-00194-001)
Honorable James Knoll Gardner, District Judge
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Submitted under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
June 10, 2014
BEFORE: AMBRO, GREENBERG, and BARRY, Circuit Judges
(Filed: June 19, 2014)
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OPINION
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GREENBERG, Circuit Judge.
This matter comes on before this Court on an appeal by Niyaz Sainudeen from a
judgment of conviction and sentence entered on his guilty plea on June 25, 2013.
Sainudeen pleaded guilty to all four counts of an indictment charging him with
distribution of child pornography in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(2) (two counts);
receipt of child pornography in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(2) (one count); and
possession of child pornography in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(4)(B) (one count).
The District Court sentenced him to a single 151-month custodial term on all four counts
without division among the counts. The Court also imposed a single term of supervised
release of five years, required restitution of $10,000, and imposed a single special
assessment of $400, all without division among the four counts.
Sainudeen appeals, challenging only his sentence. He contends that (1) the
sentence was procedurally and substantively unreasonable, (2) the District Court violated
his double jeopardy rights when it did not merge the separate counts at sentencing, and
(3) the Court erred in not specifying a separate sentence on each count and, instead,
imposed a general custodial sentence on all four counts that exceeded the statutory
maximum custodial sentence allowed on one of the counts. The District Court had
jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231, and we have jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a)
and 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Inasmuch as we will vacate the judgment and remand the case for
resentencing solely because we accept Sainudeen’s third contention which he did not
advance in the District Court, we are exercising a plain error standard of review. See
United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 734-35, 115 S.Ct. 1770, 1777-78 (1993). Thus, for
Sainudeen to obtain relief on this appeal he must demonstrate that the District Court
made an obvious error when it imposed the general sentence that abridged his substantial
rights to a separate sentence on each count.
2
It is clear that the District Court committed a plain error when it imposed the
general custodial sentence. The parties agree that under 18 U.S.C. § 2252(b)(1) the
maximum allowable custodial sentence on each of the three counts under 18 U.S.C. §
2252(a)(2) was 20 years, and under 18 U.S.C. § 2252(b)(2) the maximum allowable
custodial sentence on the count under 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(4)(B) was ten years. Thus, if
we treated the custodial sentence as having been imposed on each count the sentence
would be illegal as the sentence on the fourth count of 151 months exceeded the statutory
maximum custodial sentence of ten years on the count. Moreover, as we made clear in
United States v. Ward, 626 F.3d 179, 184 (3d Cir. 2010), citing U.S.S.G. § 5G1.2(b), a
court should impose a separate sentence on each count on which it is sentencing a
defendant, and the sentence here was defective because the Court did not do so.1
We are aware that in imposing the sentence the District Court, after concluding
that it could have imposed a 70-year sentence, said that it “chose to impose a concurrent
sentence and a much lower sentence than 20 years, 20 years, 20 years, plus 10 years
respectively.” App. at 211.2 Thus, it is clear that the Court considered imposing
concurrent sentences. Nevertheless, in its oral sentence the Court indicated that
Sainudeen was “committed to the custody of the Bureau of Prisons to be imprisoned for a
term of 151 months.” App. at 199. Accordingly, there is no escape from the fact that the
Court imposed a single general sentence rather than four concurrent sentences. The
1
Usually the court can direct that sentences run concurrently.
2
Though the transcript indicates that the District Court used the word “respectively,”
which in context was appropriate, the Court may have said “consecutively.”
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judgment continued this error as, after listing the four offenses of which Sainudeen was
guilty, it recited that “[t]he defendant is hereby committed to the custody of the United
States Bureau of Prisons to be imprisoned for a total term of 151 MONTHS.” App. at 4.
Therefore, even though the Court may have believed that, in effect, it was imposing
concurrent sentences, the Court could not have done so as it did not impose sentences
separately on each count.
Finally, in addressing the merits of Sainudeen’s third contention we note that the
prosecutor acknowledges that “[u]nder Ward . . . Sainudeen has demonstrated that the
district court erred and the error was obvious under the law at the time of review.”
Appellee’s br. at 46. But the prosecutor’s proposed remedy that “this Court should affirm
the judgment, and order that the sentence on Count Four be lowered to 120 months,” id.
at 48, would not correct the Ward problem. To the contrary, inasmuch as the Court did
not impose a separate sentence on Count Four the prosecutor is suggesting that we should
direct the District Court to enter a two-part hybrid sentence, i.e., a general sentence on the
first three counts and a separate sentence on Count Four. But we hardly can adopt that
suggestion as we will not direct the District Court to enter even in part a general sentence
that is not permissible under our holding in Ward. Therefore, the District Court must
resentence Sainudeen on all four counts.
We make two final points. First, we are not suggesting that we would disapprove
a sentence that included a 151-month custodial term as we do not consider the substantive
merits of the appeal from the sentence. Rather, we reiterate that we vacate the sentence
only because the Court did not structure the sentence correctly and thus abridged
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Sainudeen’s right to be sentenced separately on each count. Second, our disposition of
this appeal is without prejudice to either party on the resentencing advancing any
contention that it deems appropriate, including the first two contentions that Sainudeen
made on this appeal.
For the foregoing reasons we will vacate the judgment entered June 25, 2013, and
remand the case to the District Court for resentencing de novo.
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