Filed 6/30/14 Alexander v. Superior Court CA2/1
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
JUDY ALEXANDER et al., B255755
Petitioners, (L.A.S.C. No. BC426353)
v.
OPINION AND ORDER
THE SUPERIOR COURT OF GRANTING PEREMPTORY
LOS ANGELES COUNTY, WRIT OF MANDATE
Respondent;
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF LONG
BEACH et al.,
Real Parties in Interest.
ORIGINAL PROCEEDING; petition for writ of mandate. Michael M. Johnson,
Judge. Petition granted.
The Law Offices of Maryann P. Gallagher and Maryann P. Gallagher for
Petitioners.
No appearance for Respondent.
Lewis Brisbois & Smith, Jeffry A. Miller, John L. Barber, Laura J. Anson, and
Brittany H. Bartold for Real Party in Interest Community Hospital of Long Beach.
Gordon & Rees, Stephanie P. Alexander and Nathaniel J. Tarvin for Real Parties
in Interest Memorial Psychiatric Health Services, Inc. and Memorial Counseling
Associates Medical Group, Inc.
The trial court abused its discretion in denying Judy Alexander, Lisa Harris and
Johann Hellmannsberger’s (collectively referred to as Alexander) ex parte application for
relief from a jury waiver.1 Accordingly, the petition is granted.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
This is a wrongful termination case arising from the discharge in 2009 of three
nurses who were all long-term employees at Community Hospital of Long Beach.
Community Hospital of Long Beach contracted with Memorial Counseling Associates
and Memorial Psychiatric Health Services, Inc. (the Hospitals).
On November 19, 2009 Alexander filed a complaint for discrimination/wrongful
termination against the Hospitals and requested a jury trial. On January 21, 2010, when
the Hospitals appeared, they demanded a jury trial. On June 10, 2010 an initial case
management conference was held, and all parties requested a jury trial. A jury trial was
scheduled for April 11, 2011, but the date was subsequently vacated. On May 5, 2011,
Alexander submitted a case management conference statement requesting a jury trial. On
June 8, 2011, a trial setting conference was held, all counsel appeared, and a jury trial
was set for January 23, 2012. Subsequently, on July 30, 2013, after a delay due to an
appeal of an arbitration order, the trial court held a status conference and set a jury trial
for April 28, 2014. On February 13, 2014, the Hospitals submitted their case
management conference statement requesting a jury trial with an estimate of 10 days.
1 As there is not a plain, speedy and adequate remedy at law, and in view of the fact
that the issuance of an alternative writ would add nothing to the presentation already
made, we deem this to be a proper case for the issuance of a peremptory writ of mandate
“in the first instance.” (Code Civ. Proc., § 1088; Brown, Winfield & Canzoneri, Inc. v.
Superior Court (2010) 47 Cal.4th 1233, 1237–1238; Lewis v. Superior Court (1999) 19
Cal.4th 1232, 1240–1241; Alexander v. Superior Court (1993) 5 Cal.4th 1218, 1222–
1223; Ng v. Superior Court (1992) 4 Cal.4th 29, 35.) We requested and received
opposition and notified the parties of the court’s intention to issue a peremptory writ.
(Palma v. U.S. Industrial Fasteners, Inc. (1984) 36 Cal.3d 171, 180.)
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On April 3, 2014, Alexander was to post jury fees, but did not because of her
attorney staff’s clerical error. On April 8, 2014, the parties agreed to a jury
questionnaire. On April 16, 2014, the Hospitals submitted their proposed statement of
the case and proposed jury instructions.
On April 18, 2014, Alexander’s counsel reviewed the trial court’s tentative rulings
on the motions in limine, set for April 21, 2014, wherein it was stated that Alexander had
not posed jury fees in a timely manner. Alexander’s counsel immediately posted jury
fees on April 18, 2014.
On April 21, 2014, Alexander filed an ex parte application for relief from the jury
waiver. The Hospitals opposed the application and argued prejudice in that a jury trial
could take longer than a court trial and it would be more expensive. Community Hospital
of Long Beach belatedly argued that it assumed that when the 25 days passed and jury
fees were not posted that a jury was not going to be called. However, that is directly
contradicted by the hospital’s agreement on April 8, 2014 to a jury questionnaire.
On April 22, 2014, the trial court denied Alexander’s ex parte application for relief
from jury waiver, and stated in relevant part: “The chronology here is that fees were due
April 3rd for an April 28th trial. That’s required by CCP 631 (c)(3) 25 days before trial.
And the failure to do that was a waiver under subdivision (f)(5). [¶] This case is unusual
because one of the defendants raised the failure to post jury fees actually repeatedly.
MCA and MPHS in their reply to the motion for summary judgment papers, filed and
served April 11, noted that no fees had been posted and that some of the issues that had
been presented in the summary judgment motion would be determined by the court at a
court trial. [¶] Again, on April 14 MCA and MPHS in their briefs on some of the
motions in limine said the same thing. They pointed out very clearly and expressly that
no fees had been posted and issue would be determined by the court. [¶] And even when
both defendants filed some of their trial papers on April 16, served on plaintiffs the same
day, they pointed out in their statement of the case that it didn’t appear that it was going
to be a jury trial, that, again, fees had not been posted. [¶] I raised this for the first time
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when I ruled on the motions in limine in my tentative ruling that was posted on the
internet Friday, April 18. I said then that no one had posted fees and it appeared to me
that this was going to be a court trial and that affected some of my in limine rulings. And
it was not until yesterday, April 21st, 7 days before trial, that the plaintiffs brought out
the fact that they had inadvertently failed to post jury fees and requested relief from the
waiver. [¶] I’ve considered this. The defendants object. They both have asserted
prejudice, and I find that there is prejudice from the very late assertion of the jury trial
rights by plaintiff, particularly when it has been raised so much earlier in the papers filed
by MCA and MPHS. [¶] I can understand the assertion by defense counsel that there are
matters which change their way of approaching the case and presenting the case between
a court trial and a jury trial. I think I pointed out yesterday that some of my in limine
rulings — in fact, all of my in limine rulings were based upon the fact that the jury had
been waived, and some of the issues would have to be revisited if this were a jury trial,
simply because I think it changes the way you approach things, and the way that the
matter is presented to the jury. So, I can fully understand the assertion by defense
counsel that they have been affected by this change. [¶] In the basically four business
days between now and the commencement of trial, I am sure there are many other things
that they will have to do to prepare, and to go back and revise their expectation and
preparations for a court trial, switching that to a jury trial would be prejudicial.”
DISCUSSION
The sole issue we consider is whether the trial court abused its discretion in
denying Alexander’s ex parte application for relief from jury waiver. We conclude that it
did.
Code of Civil Procedure2 section 631, subdivision (a) provides: “The right to a
trial by jury as declared by Section 16 of Article I of the California Constitution shall be
2 Unless otherwise indicated, all further statutory references are to the Code of Civil
Procedure.
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preserved to the parties inviolate. In civil cases, a jury may only be waived pursuant to
subdivision (f).”
Subdivision (f) provides: “A party waives trial by jury in any of the following
ways: [¶] . . . [¶] (5) By failing to timely pay the fee described in subdivision (b), unless
another party on the same side of the case has paid that fee.”
Subdivision (g) provides: “The court may, in its discretion upon just terms, allow
a trial by jury although there may have been a waiver of a trial by jury.”
“A trial court abuses its discretion as a matter of law when ‘. . . relief has been
denied where there has been no prejudice to the other party or to the court from an
inadvertent waiver. [Citations.]’ [Citations.]” (Wharton v. Superior Court (1991) 231
Cal.App.3d 100, 104.)
“We hold the denial of a jury trial after waiver where no prejudice is shown to the
other party or to the court is prejudicial. [¶] Inasmuch as the petitioner sought a jury trial
throughout the proceedings and took prompt action upon receiving notice that the jury
fees had not been deposited, and real parties in interest have not and did not establish that
any prejudice would result from allowing a jury trial, and the court did not base its
decision upon necessities for the smooth functioning of the proceedings before it, we hold
that the denial of a jury trial to petitioner in this case was an abuse of discretion.” (Byram
v. Superior Court (1977) 74 Cal.App.3d 648, 654.)
The uncontradicted facts show that Alexander first became aware that jury fees
had not been posted on April 18, 2014. Thereafter, Alexander sought quickly to rectify
the problem. The same day Alexander posted jury fees. Just three days later, on April
21, 2014, Alexander filed an ex parte application for relief from jury waiver on the
ground that fees had not been posted due to clerical error in counsel’s office. These facts
established good cause for granting relief. The failure to post fees was excusable and the
delay between discovery of the error and the ex parte application was very short.
The Hospitals, however, argue that the trial judge correctly denied the ex parte
application because the Hospitals were prejudiced by the delay. They further argue that a
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jury trial would take longer than a court trial and be more expensive. A fact that the trial
would take longer if tried by a jury is not a sufficient showing of prejudice to overcome
the extreme prejudice to Alexander of a denial of the right to a jury trial. (Winston v.
Superior Court (1987) 196 Cal.App.3d 600.) In Winston, the court held that the fact the
parties would have to prepare for a jury trial is not a sufficient showing of prejudice to
overcome the request for relief from waiver. The court stated: “Counsel also alleges
prejudice from the fact that a jury trial would take more time than a trial to the court. The
prejudice a real party must show is prejudice from the granting of relief from waiver and
not prejudice from the jury trial.” (Id. at p. 603.)
Moreover, the Hospitals point out that Alexander received several notices of the
failure to post jury fees. On April 11, 2014, the Hospitals informed Alexander, in their
reply to the summary judgment motion, that Alexander failed to post jury fees. The
Hospitals argued that some of the issues in the summary judgment motion could be
determined by the court at a court trial. Further, on April 14, 2014, the Hospitals again
stated in a motion in limine reply that jury fees had not been posted and therefore some
issues would be determined by the court. In addition, on April 16, 2014, the Hospitals
stated in their joint proposed statement of the case that jury fees had not been posted.
The Hospitals “observe[d] that no party appears to have posted jury fees in this action.”
The actual notice to Alexander was at most seven days before she posted jury fees and
only three days later she requested ex parte relief from the jury waiver, six days prior to
trial, at the time of the final status conference.
The Hospitals argue they would be prejudiced if they had to go back and revise
their expectation and preparations for a court trial. They made strategic decisions in trial
preparation, and a change to a jury trial would work hardship on their trial preparation.
These are claims not supported by any declaration in the record before us and therefore
we do not consider them. Moreover, even after informing Alexander prior to April 18,
2014 that jury fees had not been posted, the Hospitals fail to show that they changed their
trial preparation.
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In any case, the delay between April 18, 2014, the day the trial court announced
there would be no jury trial, and April 21, 2014, the date the Hospitals became aware that
there might be one was only three days. The Hospitals do not dispute that until April 18,
2014, all parties expected the matter to proceed as a jury trial on April 28, 2014, and had
been preparing for it.
The trial court’s denial of Alexander’s ex parte application for relief from jury
waiver constituted an abuse of discretion.
DISPOSITION
THEREFORE, let a peremptory writ issue, commanding respondent superior court
to vacate its order of April 22, 2014, denying Alexander’s ex parte application for relief
from jury waiver and to issue a new and different order granting same, in Los Angeles
Superior Court case No. BC426353, entitled Judy Alexander et al. v. Community
Hospital of Long Beach et al.
The temporary stay order is hereby terminated.
All parties shall bear their own costs.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.
THE COURT:
________________________ _____________________ _____________________
CHANEY, Acting P. J. JOHNSON, J. MILLER, J.*
* Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice Pursuant
to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.
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