In re T. O. CA2/6

Filed 7/24/14 In re T. O. CA2/6

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION SIX

In re T. O., a Person Coming Under the 2d Juv. No. B254462
Juvenile Court Law. (Super. Ct. No. J069077)
(Ventura County)

VENTURA COUNTY HUMAN
SERVICES AGENCY,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

RANDY O. et al.,

Defendants and Appellants.

Randy O. and Teresa T., the parents of T. O., appeal from the juvenile
court's order denying mother's petition for modification and terminating their parental
rights. (Welf. & Inst. Code, §§ 388, 366.26.)1 We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In 2000, mother and her then boyfriend Patrick S. had a daughter,
Patricia, and were expecting the birth of their son, Patrick, Jr. In the fall of 2000 the
heroin-addicted mother of 14-month-old Ion R. temporarily entrusted the infant to the

1
All statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
care of mother and Patrick S. Over a period of several weeks, mother and Patrick S.
brutally tortured the infant. Ion died on October 22, 2000 from the resulting injuries.
In October 2000, mother gave birth to Patrick, Jr., her second child. The
baby was detained when he tested positive for opiates. Reunification services for mother
and Patrick S. were bypassed, their parental rights were terminated and the adoption of
Patricia and Patrick, Jr., was finalized in August 2003.
Mother was arrested and charged with torturing and murdering Ion.
She initially refused to disclose to law enforcement the whereabouts of Patrick S. and
Patricia. Eventually, mother agreed to cooperate, Patrick S. was arrested and Patricia
was taken into protective custody. Mother was convicted of voluntary manslaughter
and mayhem and sentenced to six years in prison. Mother was released on parole in
March 2006. She met Romero T. and within a few months became pregnant with
Christian. Christian, mother's third child, was born in March 2007 and was detained in
protective custody because of mother's history of chronic drug abuse and her role in the
torture-murder of Ion R.
In April 2007, the court sustained Ventura County Human Services
Agency's (HSA) section 300 petition, found reunification was not in Christian's best
interests and refused to order reunification services for mother. Custody of Christian was
awarded to Romero with supervised visitation for mother.
In June 2008, mother gave birth to her fourth child R., who was also
detained in protective custody. Romero was provided reunification services but services
were bypassed as to mother. Romero failed HSA's reunification plan and both parents'
parental rights were terminated. R. was adopted in March 2010.
In May 2008, mother petitioned the juvenile court to modify its 2007 order
denying family reunification services to her for Christian. Her request was denied.
Romero, however, was reunified with Christian and he was awarded sole legal and
physical custody. Although mother's access to Christian was required to be supervised
by someone other than Romero, mother, Romero and Christian lived together. Three

2
months after the orders were issued, mother became pregnant with her fifth child,
Jasmine. Romero and mother married. Jasmine was born in April 2010.
In May 2011, Christian and Jasmine became dependent children based
upon mother's history and because Romero failed to protect them by refusing to regard
mother's substance abuse and criminal history as a threat to their safety. Although HSA
recommended that reunification services be bypassed as to both parents, the juvenile
court determined that clear and convincing evidence showed that mother then fit through
the "tiny crack" available to a parent involved in the death of a child that was caused by
the parent's abuse or neglect. (See In re Ethan N. (2004) 122 Cal.App.4th 55, 65.) The
court found that this evidence, at that moment, was enough to show reunification was in
the best interests of the children and ordered HSA to provide reunification services to the
family.
Five months after the juvenile court found mother was well enough to
warrant the rare finding that a person involved in the non-accidental death of a child in
her care, mother began a relationship with Randy O. (father). Father has a long history of
using methamphetamine and other drugs and multiple convictions for drug-related
crimes, domestic violence, fraud and theft. Mother became pregnant with T. O. but
neither parent discontinued their use of drugs during mother's pregnancy. T. was born in
2012 and tested positive for methamphetamine and opiates.
On October 10, 2012, T. was detained and placed in confidential foster
care. At a detention hearing on October 15, 2012, the juvenile court ruled that HSA's
showing was sufficient to continue T.'s placement with confidential foster parents. Later
that month, mother was arrested again for being under the influence of a controlled
substance.
At contested jurisdictional/dispositional hearings on November 29, 2012
and December 5, 2012, family reunification services were bypassed for mother but were
offered to father. On April 19, 2013, T. was transferred to the care of her maternal aunt
Valerie R. T. has lived with her aunt since then and is closely bonded to her.

3
 At the six-month review hearing on September 11, 2013, the trial court
terminated services for father based upon his history of chronic drug abuse and his
inability to comply with the requirements of HSA's reunification plan. The court found
father had not demonstrated an ability to provide support and care for his child. The
matter was set for a contested permanent placement hearing on February 19, 2014.
(§ 366.26.)
On January 29, 2014 and February 13, 2014, respectively, mother and
father filed section 388 petitions requesting a hearing on whether the juvenile court's
orders denying them family reunification services should be modified. The changed
circumstances cited by mother were that (1) she had enrolled in an in-patient drug
treatment program for the first time; (2) attended AA/NA meetings regularly; (3) she
consistently visited T. one hour each week as permitted by the court; (4) her visits with T.
were positive; and (5) a bond was developing between her and T. She also stated that she
was interested in insuring T. had a positive sibling relationship with Christian and
Jasmine. The changed circumstances cited by father were that he (1) was no longer in
custody; (2) was enrolled in counseling and a drug treatment program; (3) took a
parenting class; (4) enrolled in counseling; (5) attends AA/NA meetings; and (6) has been
sober since November 5, 2012 – although he was in jail for eight months of that time.
The juvenile court concluded neither mother and father made a prima facie
showing that was sufficient to warrant setting the issue for an evidentiary hearing. The
court explained that although mother's and father's "circumstances were changing," it was
only the time and place of the happenings that were different. The court said T.'s need
for a stable placement in a drug-free home outweighed her parents' wish for reunification
services. Mother's and father's section 388 petitions were denied.
At the contested section 366.26 hearing on February 19, 2014, the juvenile
court found T. had made significant progress in the care of her aunt Valerie R. and was
bonded to her as a parent. She was up to date on her immunizations and had been seen as
needed by pediatricians and dentists. T. was enrolled as a patient/client of the Regional
Center and was being evaluated to determine which early intervention services she was to

4
receive to manage the issues arising from her pre- and post-natal exposure to the use of
methamphetamine by her mother. Social workers testified that T.'s aunt was eager to
adopt her and that in the unlikely event that was not possible, there were other family
members and non-family members that were willing to adopt her. The HSA's section
366.26 report said T. would not suffer harm if the parental rights of mother and father
were terminated. The trial court found that T. would not benefit from continuing the
parent-child relationship and that the sibling relationship exception did not bar adoption.
The juvenile court ordered adoption as the permanent plan, terminated the
parental rights of mother and father and referred T. to the county adoption agency for
adoptive placement.
DISCUSSION
Section 388 Petition
Father argues that the trial court erred in denying his petition for a hearing
to determine whether family reunification services should be ordered. Mother joins in
this argument.
The grant or denial of a section 388 petition is committed to the sound
discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed on appeal unless an abuse of
discretion is clearly established. (In re Shirley K. (2006) 140 Cal.App.4th 65, 71.) The
parent bears the burden of showing both a change of circumstances and that the proposed
modification of the existing orders is in the child's best interests. (In re S.J. (2008) 167
Cal.App.4th 953, 959.)
Section 388, subdivision (a)(1) provides that "[a]ny parent . . . may, upon
grounds of change of circumstance or new evidence, petition the court . . . for a hearing
to change, modify or set aside any [existing court order]." Subdivision (d) of the section
requires the court to order a hearing "[if] it appears that the best interests of the child . . .
may be promoted by the proposed change . . . ." When family reunification services have
been denied, the petitioning parent only qualifies for a hearing if he or she shows (1) that
there has been a material change in the circumstances that produced the dependency and

5
(2) that reunification – not reunification services for a parent – is in the best interests of
the child.
Father and mother claim they enrolled in a residential drug treatment
programs, attend AA/NA meetings and that they have been sober and attentive to T. since
she was detained. Even if this were true, it was not an abuse of discretion for the trial
court to conclude that neither father nor mother showed a material change of
circumstances that warranted a hearing on their section 388 petitions. (See, e.g., In re
Casey D. (1999) 70 Cal.App.4th 38, 48-49.)
Father claims a lengthy period of sobriety, but eight months of his
abstinence was involuntary. He chose to use drugs before, during and after mother's
pregnancy with T. and did nothing to protect the child from the effects of her mother's
use of methamphetamine.
Mother has a history of chronic, untreated drug use. Mother participated
in the brutal killing of an infant entrusted to her care. She was willing during her
pregnancy with T. to expose her to the risk of injury, disability or death to satisfy her
urge to use methamphetamine and heroin.
Mother gave birth to six children, including T. Her parental rights to
three of her children were terminated and her petition for an order requiring that she
be provided reunification services for two of her children was denied. Mother's
enrollment in an in-patient drug treatment program came almost a year after T. was
detained.
Nor was the showing by father and mother sufficient to show reunification
is in T.'s best interest. (In re Angel B. (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 454, 465.) The question is
not whether ordering HSA to provide reunification services to father and mother is in T.'s
best interest. The issue is whether the parents' showing is sufficient to warrant an
order setting the issue for an evidentiary hearing on whether reunification is in the
best interests of the children. (§ 361.5, subd. (c); In re D.F. (2009) 172 Cal.App.4th
538, 548.) For all the reasons cited above it is not.

6
 The evidence clearly shows that reunification would be detrimental to T.
and undermine the permanency and stability of an adoptive placement that she so badly
needs. A section 388 "petition which alleges merely changing circumstances . . . would
mean delaying the selection of a permanent home for a child to see if a parent, who has
repeatedly failed to reunify with the child, might be able to reunify at some future point,
does not promote stability for the child or the child's best interests. [Citation.]" (In re
Casey D. (1999) 70 Cal.App.4th 38, 47.)
Beneficial Parent-Child Relationship Exception
Father asserts that the beneficial parent-child relationship exception bars
termination of his parental rights. (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).) Mother joins in this
argument.
Where the dependent child is adoptable, the juvenile court must terminate
parental rights at the section 366.26 hearing unless the parent shows that the parent-child
bond is a substantial positive emotional attachment such that the child would be greatly
harmed if parental rights were terminated. (In re Helen W. (2007) 150 Cal.App.4th 71,
81.) To meet that burden of proof, a parent must show more than frequent or pleasant
visits. (In re Dakota H. (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 212, 229.) The parent must show that he
or she occupies a parental role in the child's life, resulting in a significant, positive,
emotional attachment from child to parent. (In re Autumn H. (1994) 27 Cal.App.4th 567,
575; In re Elizabeth M. (1997) 52 Cal.App.4th 318, 324.)
It is undisputed that T. is adoptable. T. is two years old and spent only six
weeks in the care of her mother after she was born. Father has never had T. in his
custody. The trial court reasonably concluded that mother's and father's relationship with
T. bears no resemblance to the sort of consistent, daily nurturing that marks a parental
relationship. (See, e.g., In re Derek W. (1999) 73 Cal.App.4th 823, 827.) The benefit, if
any, of returning T. to her mother or father is far outweighed by the stability and care she
has received and will continue to receive from her aunt Valerie.
We reject the argument that the beneficial parental relationship applies.
"The reality is that childhood is brief; it does not wait until a parent rehabilitates himself

7
or herself. The nurturing required must be given by someone, at the time the child needs
it, not when the parent is ready to give it." (In re Debra M. (1987) 189 Cal.App.3d 1032,
1038.)
The judgment (order) denying the section 388 petition and terminating
parental rights is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.

BURKE, J.*

We concur:

GILBERT, P. J.

PERREN, J.

*
(Judge of the Superior Court of San Luis Obispo County, assigned by the Chief Justice
pursuant to art. 6, § 6 of the Cal. Const.)
8
 Bruce A. Young and Ellen Gay Conroy, Judges
Superior Court County of Ventura
______________________________

Jack A. Love, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant Randy O.
Terence M. Chucas, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for
Defendant and Appellant Teresa T.
Leroy Smith, County Counsel, county of Ventura, Ronda J. McKaig,
Assistant County Counsel for Plaintiff and Respondent.