COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Petty, Chafin and Senior Judge Annunziata
UNPUBLISHED
LORI DENNIS
MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v. Record No. 0576-14-1 PER CURIAM
JULY 29, 2014
YORK-POQUOSON DEPARTMENT
OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF YORK COUNTY
Marc Jacobson, Judge
(Stephen K. Smith, on brief), for appellant.
(Melanie B. Economou, Assistant County Attorney; Sara Riley
Yohn, Guardian ad litem for the minor children, on brief), for
appellee.
Lori Dennis (mother) appeals the orders terminating her rights to three of her children and
approving the orders with the goal of adoption. Mother argues that the trial court erred by denying
her motion to strike and proceeding with the goal of adoption and terminating her parental rights to
her three children. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this
appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See
Rule 5A:27.
BACKGROUND
We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below and grant
to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax Cnty. Dep’t of
Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991).
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
Mother has three children who are the subject of this appeal.1 On December 15, 2011,
the police conducted a drug task force raid of five houses in York County and James City
County. Mother lived in one of the houses that was raided in York County. As a result of the
raid, the police arrested mother on several drug-related charges. The York-Poquoson
Department of Social Services (the Department) removed the children from the home. While
mother was released on bond pending her trial, the children remained in the Department’s
custody.
On February 28, 2012, the York-Poquoson Juvenile and Domestic Relations District
Court (the JDR court) found the children to be abused and neglected. The JDR court approved
the foster care plans with concurrent goals of return home and relative placement. The
Department established several goals for mother in order for the children to return to her home.
In order to assist mother, the Department referred her to Colonial Behavioral Health for a
substance abuse assessment and mental health assessment. They also arranged for her to have
supervised visitation with the children and informed her of the children’s medical appointments.
Mother completed a substance abuse assessment and mental health assessment. The
provider recommended that she participate in the women’s substance abuse group therapy.
Mother was late to the first meeting and was rescheduled to begin the group later. Mother did
not attend. It also was recommended that mother participate in Narcotics Anonymous (NA)
and/or Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings, but she did not do so. She also was supposed to
meet with a licensed psychiatrist for possible medical management, but she did not do so.
The Department told mother that she needed to find adequate and stable housing and
employment. She lost her job at a gas station prior to her incarceration and did not find suitable
housing.
1
Mother has a fourth child, who was removed from her home and placed with her father.
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Mother did not maintain weekly contact with the Department. The Department tried to
arrange for weekly supervised visitation, but mother attended visitations on a “sporadic” basis.
On April 23, 2012, mother was incarcerated for her criminal offenses. She pled guilty to
two counts of possession with intent to manufacture methamphetamines and was sentenced to
sixty-six months in prison. While in prison, mother signed up for a drug treatment program. She
also completed academic, job training, and parenting classes.
After mother was incarcerated, the Department changed the foster care goal to relative
placement. The Department offered services to the maternal grandparents, Cynthia and William
Dennis, and provided them with several goals. The Department asked that they complete a
substance abuse evaluation and a parenting capacity evaluation, which they completed. The
Department determined that the maternal grandparents did not have adequate housing because a
boarder, the father of mother’s fourth child, lived with them. They also failed to participate in
family counseling, maintain weekly contact with the Department, and provide documentation of
their current income.
The Department also had concerns about the maternal grandparents’ ability to parent the
children and meet their needs. Dr. Jennifer Gildea, a licensed clinical psychologist, evaluated the
parenting capacity of the grandparents. Dr. Gildea met with the maternal grandparents and
observed them interact with the children. She explained that the grandparents had a “laissez
faire” approach to parenting and were permissive and lenient. She testified that she did not think
that they would be an appropriate placement for the children because “they would need an
intensive high level of support and intervention and education and wrap-around services to get
them to begin to recognize the needs that were there so that they could be appropriate advocates
for the grandchildren.” Dr. Gildea made numerous recommendations regarding the
grandparents. The Department reviewed the recommendations with the grandparents, and they
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were not receptive to completing them. Based on the substance abuse evaluation, Dr. Gildea’s
evaluation, and their living situation, the Department determined that the grandparents were not
an appropriate placement for the children.
The Department investigated other relatives as possible placements for the children;
however, the Department was unable to locate any relatives that were suitable and interested in
caring for the children.
In 2013, the JDR court terminated mother’s parental rights and approved the foster care
plans with the goal of adoption. Mother appealed to the circuit court.
On January 16, 2014, the trial court heard evidence and argument from the parties on
whether mother’s parental rights should be terminated. At the conclusion of the Department’s
case, mother made a motion to strike, which the court denied. Mother and the maternal
grandparents testified. At the conclusion of all of the evidence, mother renewed her motion to
strike, which the court denied. The trial court concluded that it was not in the best interests of
the children to be placed with the maternal grandparents. The trial court found that mother did
not comply with the Department’s required terms and conditions within a reasonable period of
time.2 It held that it was in the children’s best interests for mother’s parental rights to be
terminated. Furthermore, the trial court approved the foster care plan with the goal of adoption.
The trial court entered orders reflecting its rulings on February 26, 2014. This appeal followed.
ANALYSIS
Mother argues that the trial court erred in denying her motion to strike and entering the
orders to terminate her parental rights and approve the foster care plans with the goal of
adoption.
2
At the time of the hearing in circuit court, the children had been in foster care for
approximately two years.
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“Where, as here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great
weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support
it.” Martin v. Pittsylvania Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16
(1986) (citations omitted). When considering termination of parental rights, “the paramount
consideration of a trial court is the child’s best interests.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d
at 463.
I. Relative placement
Mother argues that the trial court erred in not placing the children with the maternal
grandparents. She explains that the children had lived with the maternal grandparents for most
of their lives, and the maternal grandparents wanted custody of the children. She contends the
Department did not recommend them as a relative placement based on Dr. Gildea’s report, but
asserts that Dr. Gildea only saw them interact with the children on one day.
Before terminating a parent’s rights, “the court shall give a consideration to granting
custody to relatives of the child, including grandparents.” Code § 16.1-283(A). The
“Department has a duty to produce sufficient evidence so that the court may properly determine
whether there are relatives willing and suitable to take custody of the child, and to consider such
relatives in comparison to other placement options.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 131, 409 S.E.2d at
465.
The maternal grandparents failed to comply with the Department’s goals and
requirements so that they could be considered as a viable relative placement. Although the
grandparents completed the substance abuse and parenting evaluations, they did not follow
through with the recommendations. They did not maintain adequate housing; they did not
participate in family therapy; they did not provide documentation of their current income; and
they did not maintain contact with the Department. They did not demonstrate an ability to meet
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the children’s needs. Dr. Gildea testified that she did not find the grandparents to be a suitable
placement for the children. The trial court accepted Dr. Gildea’s testimony and
recommendation. It did not find that the maternal grandparents would be an acceptable relative
placement for the children, and there were no other suitable relatives who were willing to care
for the children.
Accordingly, the trial court did not err in approving the foster care plans with the goal of
adoption.
II. Termination of parental rights
Mother’s parental rights were terminated pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(2), which states
that a court may terminate parental rights if:
The parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or
unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve
months from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy
substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation
of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the
reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health
or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.
Mother argues that her incarceration is “the primary cause of her inability to remedy the
conditions that led to foster care.” She contends that she has shown “a consistent and active
interest in her children” by writing letters to them and the Department while in prison. Once she
was incarcerated, she took several parenting classes and other classes to improve her education
and job skills. She asserts that “her failure to remedy the conditions was not without good
cause.”
While long-term incarceration does not, per se, authorize
termination of parental rights . . . it is a valid and proper
circumstance which, when combined with other evidence
concerning the parent/child relationship, can support a court’s
finding by clear and convincing evidence that the best interests of
the children will be served by termination.
Ferguson v. Stafford Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 14 Va. App. 333, 340, 417 S.E.2d 1, 5 (1992).
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Mother was on bond for four months after the children were removed and prior to her
incarceration. During that time, mother missed the meeting for the women’s substance abuse
group therapy, and when it was rescheduled, she did not attend. She did not participate in NA or
AA meetings while on bond. She did not maintain weekly contact with the Department, and her
visitations with the children were “sporadic.”
At the time of the hearing in circuit court, the children had been in foster care for
approximately two years, and mother still had several years left on her prison sentence. “It is
clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy period of time waiting to find out
when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or her] responsibilities.” Kaywood v.
Halifax Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990).
The evidence proved that mother was unable to remedy substantially the conditions that
led to or required continuation of the children’s foster care placement, within a reasonable period
of time. Therefore, the trial court did not err in terminating her parental rights to her three
children.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.
Affirmed.
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