NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
IRINA ROMANYUK, )
)
Appellant, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2D12-4697
)
STATE OF FLORIDA, )
)
Appellee. )
___________________________________ )
Opinion filed July 9, 2014.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Charlotte
County; Thomas Reese, Senior Judge.
Richard Ruhl of Ruhl Law, P.A., Port
Charlotte, for Appellant.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General,
Tallahassee, and Susan M. Shanahan,
Assistant Attorney General, Tampa, for
Appellee.
LaROSE, Judge.
Irina Romanyuk appeals her conviction and thirty-month prison sentence
for possession of a controlled substance and possession of paraphernalia. See
§§ 893.13(6)(a), .147, Fla. Stat. (2011). The trial court erroneously denied her request
for a prescription defense jury instruction. Consequently, we reverse.
Ms. Romanyuk planned to run some errands with her husband and her
friend Sue Motes. Ms. Motes drove them in her car. They stopped first at the library.
Ms. Motes then drove to Wendy's, where a man came to her car window; she gave him
five oxycodone pills in exchange for one hundred dollars. Apparently, Ms. Romanyuk
was not paying attention and did not see the exchange.
To Ms. Motes' surprise, the man who purchased the pills was undercover
officer Corporal Clemens. When he signaled for other officers to make an arrest, Ms.
Motes sped away. Ms. Motes drove to Ms. Romanyuk's home. Later, Ms. Motes
decided to turn herself in.
Ms. Motes and Ms. Romanyuk drove to the bail bondsman's office in Ms.
Motes' car. Ms. Romanyuk sat in the car and waited for Ms. Motes. Several minutes
later, Sergeant Maler, part of the original take-down unit, approached the car and asked
Ms. Romanyuk to step out. She complied. In response to Sergeant Maler's inquiry, she
said she had oxycodone in her purse. Sergeant Maler searched her purse, finding three
unlabeled bottles containing blue capsules, four cell phones, and Ms. Romanyuk's
identification. Corporal Clemens arrived at the scene and confiscated the pills, phones,
and identification. Two of the bottles contained oxycodone. Ms. Romanyuk said she
did not have a prescription but was holding the pills for her husband, who did. Corporal
Clemens arrested Ms. Romanyuk.
At trial, Ms. Romanyuk sought to introduce into evidence a printout of a
pharmacy record of the prescription transactions and receipts attached to the husband's
prescription bags. The trial court ruled that they were inadmissible without a pharmacy
employee introducing them as business records. The trial court would not let Ms.
Romanyuk testify, or her counsel argue, that her husband had a valid prescription for
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the oxycodone. The trial court did allow Ms. Romanyuk to testify and trial counsel to
argue that Ms. Romanyuk frequently picked up these pills from the pharmacy for her
husband and often saw him taking them.
Ms. Romanyuk requested a prescription defense jury instruction.1 The
trial court refused the request, ruling that the defense was speculative. The jury
convicted Ms. Romanyuk. On appeal, Ms. Romanyuk argues that the trial court abused
its discretion by refusing to instruct the jury on the prescription defense when the pills
allegedly belonged to her husband, who had a prescription. This was her only defense.
Where the trial court fails to instruct the jury on a crucial defense, "[a]
defendant is deprived of a fair trial if the error divests the defendant of his or her 'sole, or
. . . primary, defense strategy' and that defense is supported by evidence adduced at
trial that could not be characterized as 'weak.' " McCoy v. State, 56 So. 3d 37, 40 (Fla.
1st DCA 2010) (quoting Martinez v. State, 981 So. 2d 449, 455 (Fla. 2008)); accord
Ramirez v. State, 125 So. 3d 171, 176 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013). This was Ms. Romanyuk's
1
A prescription defense instruction is necessary where there is evidence
that the defendant was holding a controlled substance as agent of another individual to
whom it was prescribed. McCoy v. State, 56 So. 3d 37, 39 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010). The
standard prescription defense jury instruction provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
If you find the defendant proved by a preponderance of the
evidence that [he] [she] lawfully obtained the controlled
substance from a practitioner or pursuant to a valid
prescription or order of a practitioner while acting in the
course of his or her professional practice, you should find
[him] [her] not guilty of [possession of a controlled
substance] [trafficking via possession]. If the defendant did
not prove by a preponderance of the evidence that [he] [she]
lawfully obtained the controlled substance from a practitioner
or pursuant to a valid prescription or order of a practitioner
while acting in the course of his or her professional practice,
you should find [him] [her] guilty, if all the elements of the
charge have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
Fla. Std. Jury Instr. (Crim.) 3.6(n).
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sole defense; its apparent weakness stems from the trial court's restriction of testimony
and argument relating to the husband's possession of a valid prescription. Generally,
the trial court allows a defendant to testify that there is a valid prescription, even where
the defendant does not have a pharmacist introduce the prescription as a business
record or a doctor testify to having prescribed the drugs; the jury may then decide
whether to believe that defense. See, e.g., Hardy v. State, 39 Fla. L. Weekly D1009, at
*1 (Fla. 1st DCA May 14, 2014) ("The trial court ruled [defendant's girlfriend] could
testify that she had been given a prescription for Methadone and that it would be up to
the jury to decide whether to believe her testimony if the prescription could not be
produced."); Ramirez, 125 So. 3d 171 (reversing for failure to instruct jury on
prescription defense; mother testified she had valid prescription; no indication that
prescription was introduced into evidence); Ayotte v. State, 67 So. 3d 330 (Fla. 1st DCA
2011) (reversing for failure to instruct jury on prescription defense where defendant
claimed he held pills for his girlfriend who had a valid prescription; no indication that
prescription was entered into evidence; State did not dispute validity of prescription);
Glovacz v. State, 60 So. 3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011) (reversing for failure to instruct jury
on prescription defense where defendant claimed to have valid prescription; State did
not refute that claim; no indication that prescription was entered into evidence); McCoy,
56 So. 3d 37 (fundamental error to fail to instruct jury on prescription defense where
defendant and husband testified husband had prescription; no indication that
prescription was entered into evidence).
Had the trial court allowed Ms. Romanyuk to testify, and her counsel to
argue, that her husband for whom she was holding the pills held a valid prescription, the
evidence could not be characterized as more "weak" than the above-cited cases where
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convictions were reversed for failure to instruct on the prescription defense even though
the prescription was not in evidence.
The trial court should have given the requested jury instruction. We
reverse and remand for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded.
KELLY and KHOUZAM, JJ., Concur.
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