IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 14-0179
Filed April 16, 2014
IN THE INTEREST OF D.M.J.L.
and J.A.I.L., Minor Children,
A.L., Mother,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, Gary K.
Anderson, District Associate Judge.
A mother appeals from a juvenile court order terminating her parental
rights to two children. AFFIRMED.
Roberta Megel of State Public Defender Office, Council Bluffs, for
appellant mother.
Norman Springer of McGinn, McGinn, Springer & Noethe, Council Bluffs,
for father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine Miller-Todd, Assistant
Attorney General, Matthew Wilber, County Attorney, and Eric Strovers, Assistant
County Attorney, for appellee.
Michael Hooper, Council Bluffs, for minor children.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., Doyle, J., and Miller S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2013).
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MILLER, S.J.
Alexandria (“Alex”) is the mother of D.M.J.L. and J.A.I.L. (“the children”),
who were four and six years of age respectively at the time of the December
2013 termination of parental rights hearing. Alex appeals from a January 27,
2014 juvenile court order terminating her parental rights to the children. (The
same order terminated the parental rights of the children’s father, and he has not
appealed.) We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS.
On November 30, 2012, the police were called to the home where the
children were living with Alex and relatives. The conditions of the home were
unacceptable for children. Alex appeared drunk and was yelling. The children
were taken into protective custody.
A petition was filed alleging the children to be in need of assistance
(CINA). Alex did not appear at a December 10, 2012 temporary removal
hearing. The juvenile court ordered Alex to submit to a mental health evaluation
and meet any resulting recommendations, and to undergo a substance abuse
evaluation and fulfill any resulting requirements. It also ordered her to participate
in visitation with the children as recommended by the Iowa Department of Human
Services (DHS), participate in Family Safety, Risk, and Permanency Services;
submit to random drug screens; and obtain suitable and stable housing. The
children were placed in the custody of relatives, subject to DHS supervision.
On January 16, 2013, the juvenile court adjudicated the children CINA
pursuant to Iowa Code sections 232.2(6)(b) (2013) (child whose parent has
physically abused or neglected the child, or is imminently likely to do so), (c)(2)
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(child whose parent fails to exercise a reasonable degree of care in supervising
the child), and (n) (child whose parent’s mental capacity or condition, or drug or
alcohol abuse, results in the child not receiving adequate care). The court
continued its previous order concerning services, reunification efforts, and
custody.
The juvenile court’s orders and the status of the children continued
through a February 20, 2013 disposition hearing and a May 29, 2013 review
hearing and resulting court orders. Alex was homeless until shortly before the
February hearing. The court ordered her to secure employment. At the time of
the May hearing Alex had not completed either a mental health evaluation or a
substance abuse evaluation, and had not secured employment.
The juvenile court held a permanency hearing on July 29, 2013. Alex had
been hospitalized for depression and suicidal thoughts. She had reported she
had undergone a psychiatric evaluation, but she had not provided any supporting
documents to the DHS and the DHS was concerned it might have been a very
limited evaluation, addressing only Alex’s current needs. Alex asserted she had
completed a chemical dependency evaluation in June and had been told she
needed only to attend AA meetings. Alex reported completing another substance
abuse evaluation while recently hospitalized resulting in a recommendation for
follow-up treatment. She provided no evidence she had completed the alleged
evaluations and no evidence she had followed through with recommended
treatment. At the permanency hearing Alex acknowledged she could not
appropriately care for the children.
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The DHS recommended the permanency plan be changed to termination
of parental rights and adoption. The court agreed, and ordered that the State
seek termination of parental rights.
On August 16, 2013, the children were moved to a pre-adoptive foster
home, where they have thereafter remained. By the time of the termination
hearing the children appeared bonded to the foster parents; referred to the foster
parents are “mom” and “dad”; felt safe in their care, which they had not felt while
in the care of their biological parents; and were thriving in the care of their foster
parents.
The State filed a petition for termination of parental rights in early October
2013. Alex did not attend the termination hearing, and her whereabouts were
then unknown. Following the hearing the juvenile court terminated Alex’s
parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code sections 232.116(1)(d) (children
adjudicated CINA for physical or sexual abuse or neglect as result of acts or
omission of parent, parent was subsequently offered or received services to
correct circumstance which led to adjudication but circumstance continues to
exist), (e) (child adjudicated CINA, child removed from parent’s physical custody
for at least six months, parent has not maintained significant and meaningful
contact with child during previous six consecutive months and has made no
reasonable efforts to resume child’s care despite being given opportunity to do
so), and (i) (child CINA for physical or sexual abuse or neglect as result of acts or
omissions of parent(s), the abuse or neglect posed significant risk to life of child
or constituted imminent danger to child, offer or receipt of services would not
correct conditions within reasonable period of time). Alex appeals.
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II. SCOPE AND STANDARDS OF REVIEW.
Our review of a termination of parental rights proceeding is de novo. In re
P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010). We are not bound by the juvenile court’s
findings of fact, but we give them weight, especially when considering credibility
of witnesses. Iowa R. App. P. 6.904(3)(g); In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 492
(Iowa 2000). Grounds for termination of parental rights must be proved by clear
and convincing evidence. In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 798 (Iowa 2006). “‘Clear
and convincing evidence’ means there are no serious or substantial doubts as to
the correctness [of the] conclusions of law drawn from the evidence.” C.B., 611
N.W.2d at 492 (citing Raim v. Stancel, 339 N.W.2d 621, 624 (Iowa Ct. App.
1983)).
III. STATUTORY GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION.
Alex asserts the State did not prove any of the statutory grounds upon
which the juvenile court terminated her parental rights. Although the juvenile
court relied on each of three separate statutory provisions to terminate her rights,
we need find grounds under only one of those provisions in order to affirm the
court if otherwise appropriate. See In re R.R.K., 544 N.W.2d 274, 276 (Iowa Ct.
App. 1995). We choose to focus on section 232.116(1)(e).
The first two elements of that provision, adjudication as CINA and the
period of removal, were clearly proved and Alex challenges only the third
element, failure to maintain significant and meaningful contact during the
previous six consecutive months and lack of reasonable efforts to resume care of
the children despite being given the opportunity to do so.
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“[S]ignificant and meaningful contact” includes but is not limited to
the affirmative assumption by the parents of the duties
encompassed by the role of being a parent. This affirmative duty,
in addition to financial obligations, requires continued interest in the
child, a genuine effort to complete the responsibilities prescribed in
the case permanency plan, a genuine effort to maintain
communication with the child, and requires that the parents
establish and maintain a place of importance in the child’s life.
Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(e)(3).
The children’s November 2012 removal from Alex was the result of
unsanitary and deplorable living conditions, parental intoxication, ongoing
domestic violence, and reported drug use. Alex has a lengthy history of alcohol
abuse, use of illegal drugs, and mental health problems. She was offered a
plethora of services to deal with these and other issues. In ordering the State to
seek termination of parental rights the juvenile court found there had been a “lack
of initiative towards completion of any court orders.” This finding was fully
supported by the evidence.
Although Alex reported undergoing two chemical dependency evaluations,
she provided no documentary evidence she had done so or what the resulting
recommendations were. She apparently failed to comply with any resulting
recommendations. Alex tested positive for alcohol use in March 2013 and again
in June 2013. Although ordered to submit to random drug testing, from July 2013
to the termination hearing Alex failed to appear for testing on sixteen occasions
and had not been tested since early July.
Alex has been diagnosed as having anxiety disorder and borderline
personality disorder, and has a history of suicide attempts and ideations. She
was hospitalized for depression and suicidal ideations shortly after the children’s
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removal, again in July 2013, and yet again in September 2013. Although she
perhaps underwent limited or complete mental health evaluations twice during
the underlying CINA proceedings, she has not provided the results to the DHS or
service providers, and has never followed through with individual therapy that
seems to have been recommended.
In July 2013 Alex’s visits to the children were decreased to one visit per
week because the children had frequently been disappointed and saddened by
Alex’s failure to appear for scheduled visits. She was informed the visits could
increase to two per week if she attended weekly visits for several weeks. Alex
did not do so. She attended only slightly more than one half of all scheduled
visits, and attended no visits between late September 2013 and the December
2013 termination hearing.
Alex was ordered to obtain suitable and stable housing. She did not do
so. Alex and the children’s father were evicted from an apartment. In August
2013 Alex was homeless and living with friends. She then lived in the home of
her mother, the home from which the children had been removed. Alex had an
altercation with her sister, was arrested on a domestic assault charge, and was
ordered to have no contact with her sister and mother. Alex went to a “shelter,”
but was kicked out in early September 2013 for being intoxicated and engaging
in inappropriate behavior. She did not appear for the termination hearing and her
whereabouts were then unknown.
We find, as the juvenile court did, that the State proved by clear and
convincing evidence the third element of section 232.116(1)(e).
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IV. BEST INTEREST.
Alex states two additional issues, challenges to the sufficiency of the
evidence as to the two other statutory provisions relied on by the juvenile court
for termination of her parental rights. She does so only by stating in the
concluding sentence of her discussion of each of those two issues that “it is not
in the best interest of her children to have parental rights terminated.” She
provides no further elaboration, and neither the statutes nor the cases she cites
as supporting legal authority on this issue address any question of best interest.
We therefore do not further consider this contention. See State v. Mann, 602
N.W.2d 785, 788 n.1 (Iowa 1999) (stating that “random mention of an issue,
without elaboration or supporting authority, is insufficient to raise issue for
appellate court’s consideration”); Soo Line R.R. Co. v. Iowa Dep’t of Transp., 521
N.W.2d 685, 689 (Iowa 1994) (refusing to consider an issue when party cited no
authority and offered no substantial argument in support of the issue).
V. CONCLUSION AND DISPOSITION.
We agree with and affirm the juvenile court’s order terminating Alex’s
parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(e).
AFFIRMED.