[Cite as Burke v. French, 2014-Ohio-3217.]
COURT OF APPEALS
KNOX COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DONALD BURKE, ET AL. : JUDGES:
:
: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
Plaintiffs-Appellees : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs- :
: Case No. 14CA1
:
JAMIE M. FRENCH, ET AL. :
:
:
Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Knox County Court of
Common Pleas, Juvenile Division,
Case No. 212-3155
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: July 17, 2014
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiffs-Appellees: For Defendant-Appellant:
HARLOW H. WALKER D. DERK DEMAREE
120 ½ East High Street 205 East Chestnut Street
Mount Vernon, OH 43050 P.O. Box 766
Mount Vernon, OH 43050
DOUGLAS ALTHAUSER, G.A.L.
P.O. Box 671
Lewis Center, OH 43035
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 2
Delaney, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Jamie M. French (“Mother”) hereby appeals from the
January 9, 2014 decision of the Knox County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile
Division. Appellees (“Grandparents”) are Donald Burke (“Grandfather”) and Susan
Burke (“Grandmother”).
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY1
{¶2} Q.B., a minor child, was born on May 8, 2008 to Mother. 2 Grandparents
are Mother’s parents. On November 8, 2012, Grandparents filed a complaint for
grandparent visitation pursuant to R.C. 3109.12 and Mother answered. Mother also
filed a memorandum in opposition to Grandparents’ request for temporary visitation.
{¶3} On February 7, 2012, the magistrate appointed a guardian ad litem and a
final hearing was scheduled to begin on April 4, 2013, but was later continued.
{¶4} Another hearing was scheduled to begin on June 4, 2013.
{¶5} On that date, the parties filed a joint Memorandum of Agreement stating
all matters pending before the court were resolved without trial. The handwritten
agreement states in pertinent part:
[Grandparents] & [Mother] shall pursue counseling with
Jeannette Hammond (or another qualified clinician) to work on
interpersonal & historical matters between themselves, and on
matters concerning [Q.B.]’s best interests.
1
The case history relevant to the within appeal is below; a number of motions and
orders not relevant to the issues before us are omitted.
2
Q.B.’s father is Gregory K. Schrader, who was not a party to the underlying litigation
and is not a party to this appeal.
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 3
The parties may amend these agreements if both parties
agree, without intervention by the Court. The parties agree to defer
to the recommendations of the family counselor (i.e. Jeannette
Hammond) & follow those recommendations in the event they
cannot mutually agree on a modification to this plan.
Neither party shall demean nor disparage the other in
[Q.B.]’s presence.
In the event that [Mother] believes [Q.B.] is too ill to
participate in companionship time, [Mother] has the authority to
cancel that day’s visitation. In that event, the visitation shall be
made up at the next Friday in which [Stepfather’s] daughters are
not scheduled to be at [Mother’s] home.
[Grandparents] shall provide [Mother] with an itinerary &
contact number during their visit. They shall provide this, in writing,
by the exchange that starts the visitation for each visit. Without
same there will be no visit.
Neither party will knowingly put [Q.B.] in the presence of
cigarette smoke or anyone smoking cigarettes.
[Grandparents] shall exercise [deleted in original]
companionship time with [Q.B.] on the second Friday of each
month, unless [Stepfather’s] daughters are staying [deleted] at
[Mother’s] home subject to [Stepfather’s] parenting schedule, at
which point companionship time shall be the third Friday. In 2013,
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 4
[Grandparents] shall exercise companionship time on June 14, July
12, August 9, September 20, October 18, November 15, and
December 13 unless otherwise agreed.
[Grandparents’] visitation with [Q.B] shall start at 9: a.m. &
end at 3: p.m. unless the parties agree otherwise. Exchange shall
occur at the Subway in front of & outside the Wal-Mart in Mount
Vernon.
[Grandparents] are not restricted as to where they may take
[Q.B.] during their companionship time. No one shall record
[Grandparents’] companionship time with [Q.B.], other than
photographs or video taken for recreation or sentimental reasons.
[Grandparents] shall not consume alcohol during companionship
time with [Q.B.], nor 6 hours before the start of a visit.
{¶6} A typewritten addendum further states:
Grace period
The parent transporting the children for parenting time shall
have a grace period of 15 minutes for pick-up and delivery if both
parties live within 30 miles of one another. If the one-way distance
to be traveled is more than 30 miles, the grace period shall be 30
minutes. In the event the non-residential parent exceeds the grace
period, that particular parenting time is forfeited unless prior
notification and arrangements have been made. This rule shall be
subject to the exception that in the event the non-residential parent
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 5
experiences an unavoidable accident, emergency, or traffic delay
en route and promptly notifies the other parent of the delay the
parenting time is not forfeited.
PROMPTNESS AND FLEXIBILITY ARE TO BE THE
GOALS OF THE PARENTS CONCERNING TRANSPORTATION
OF THE CHILDREN FOR PARENTING TIME. (Emphasis in
original).
{¶7} The agreement was signed and approved by the magistrate on June 4,
2013.
{¶8} On August 9, 2013, Grandparents filed a Motion to Show Cause, alleging
Mother failed to comply with the court order on three bases: denial of companionship
time, video recording of companionship time, and failure to pursue counseling. A show
cause hearing was scheduled for September 19, 2013.
{¶9} On September 24, 2013, a Magistrate’s Decision was filed. The findings
of fact stated in pertinent part:
* * * *.
2. On August 9, 2013, [Grandparents] provided [Mother] with an
itinerary and contact number. [Mother] didn’t like the itinerary for
unspecified reasons and requested a second contact number. The
visit was denied.
3. On September 15, 2013, [Grandparents] provided [Mother] with
an itinerary, which [Mother] determined was unacceptable for
unspecified reasons. The visit was denied.
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 6
4. On July 12, 2013, [Mother] and her husband, [Stepfather],
videotaped the exchange of the child.
5. [Mother] unilaterally discontinued counseling with Jeannette
Hammond due to differences with the counselor.
6. No evidence was presented that the child’s visits with
[Grandparents] posed any sort of threat to the health, safety, and
welfare of the child.
{¶10} The magistrate thereupon found Mother in contempt of the court order
pursuant to R.C. 3109.051(K) due to her denial of companionship, videotaping of the
exchange, and discontinuance of counseling. Mother was ordered to serve a jail term of
30 days, with 5 of those days being “actual incarceration for violation of the prohibition
regarding videotaping or recording, an act of criminal contempt for which no purge
condition is possible.” Grandparents were granted compensatory companionship time
of two weekends and Mother was ordered to pay Grandparents’ attorney fees and
costs.
{¶11} Mother requested a transcript of the contempt hearing to prepare
objections to the Magistrate’s Order. On October 16, 2013, a Magistrate’s Order was
filed stating: “The Court finds that a hearing was held on September 19, 2013 but, due
to an equipment malfunction, no recording of the proceedings was made. * * *[T]he
parties shall file an affidavit pursuant to Rule 53(C)(3)(b)(iii) (sic) of the Rules of Civil
Procedure on or before November 15, 2013, along with any objections to the
Magistrate’s Decision.”
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 7
{¶12} On October 24, 2013, a journal entry was filed memorializing the parties’
agreement of June 4, 2013, with the addendum of a relocation notice pursuant to R.C.
3109.051(G).
{¶13} Mother filed her objections to the magistrate’s decision on November 14,
2013, including Mother’s affidavit.
{¶14} The Guardian Ad Litem filed an affidavit regarding his recollection of the
September 19 contempt hearing stating he testified, inter alia: in his opinion Mother was
not justified in refusing companionship in August; the argument between Mother and
Grandmother was “stupid” and demonstrated a refusal to cooperate on a small matter;
and he might be forced to file a motion on Q.B.’s behalf to end companionship with
Grandparents because the acrimony between these parties has become so stressful for
the child. The Guardian also objected to the contempt order because Mother was not
given an opportunity to purge the contempt.
{¶15} Grandparents filed a memorandum contra Mother’s objections on
November 25, 2013, including Grandmother’s affidavit.
{¶16} On January 9, 2014, the trial court filed a Judgment Entry reducing
Mother’s jail time to 2 days, noting “[w]hile the Court cannot and will not tolerate direct
disobedience of its orders, the punishment must fit the nature and extent of the offense.”
{¶17} Mother now appeals from the trial court’s Judgment Entry of January 9,
2014.
{¶18} Appellant raises two assignments of error:
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 8
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶19} “I. THE APPELLANT WAS DENIED DUE PROCESS AND FAIR TRIAL
WHEN HER ADJUDICATION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE
EVIDENCE.”
{¶20} “II. THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED APPELLANT’S DUE PROCESS
RIGHTS WHEN IT FAILED TO RECORD THE TRIAL AND FAILED TO PRODUCE A
TRANSCRIPT FOR REVIEW.”
ANALYSIS
{¶21} In her first assignment of error, Mother argues her adjudication of
contempt is against the manifest weight of the evidence. We disagree.
{¶22} First, Mother argues when she videotaped the interaction between Q.B.
and Grandparents on July 12, 2013, the agreement had not yet been journalized,
implying she was under no obligation to comply with its terms. We note Mother’s
signature and that of her counsel appears on the handwritten agreement, submitted to
the magistrate with the affirmation the parties were able to resolve the matter without
trial. The agreement was approved by the magistrate that day. It is well established
that if parties voluntarily enter into an agreement, the agreement becomes a valid and
binding contract between the parties. Phillips v. Phillips, 5th Dist. Stark Nos.2004CA105
and 2004CA005, 2005–Ohio–231, ¶ 22.
{¶23} Moreover, Mother did not contest the validity or enforceability of the
agreement before the trial court. As a reviewing court, we will not consider issues which
are raised for the first time on appeal and which were not brought to the attention of the
trial court. Swank v. Swank, 5th Dist. Richland No. 07 CA 0061, 2008-Ohio-3997, ¶ 27.
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 9
{¶24} Next, we turn to the finding of contempt. “An appellate court's standard of
review of a trial court's contempt finding is abuse of discretion.” Snider v. Snider, 5th
Dist. Fairfield No. 11–CA–58, 2013–Ohio–1168, ¶ 6, citing State ex rel. Celebrezze v.
Gibbs, 60 Ohio St.3d 69, 573 N.E.2d 62 (1991). We will not reverse a finding of
contempt unless the trial court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or
unconscionable. Snider at ¶ 6, citing Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450
N.E.2d 1140 (1983). We look to the totality of the circumstances in determining whether
the trial court’s decision constitutes an abuse of discretion. Ryder v. Ryder, 5th Dist.
Stark No. 2001CA00190, 2002-Ohio-765, *2, citing In re: Brumfield, 5th Dist. Stark No.
1998CA00326, unreported, 1999 WL 744172 (Jun. 7, 1999).
{¶25} Mother contests the trial court’s finding of contempt, but admits in her
affidavit she did in fact violate the agreement as alleged. Her admissions, however,
include excuses for her repeated failure to comply with the order. Mother attested to the
following in pertinent part:
1. Visitation was denied to [Grandparents] on August 9, 2013
because they did not give me a complete itinerary and they did not
give me [Grandmother’s] cellular number;
2. The itinerary I received merely indicated that visitation would be
at one or more of the public parks in Gambier or Mount Vernon and
was otherwise extremely vague;
* * * *.
4. I never recorded [Grandparents’] companionship time with
[Grandparents] (sic);
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 10
5. I did record the pickups and drop-offs of [Q.B.] with
[Grandmother];
6. I believe companionship starts when [Q.B.] gets into the
[Grandparents’] car;
7. I did not willfully fail to pursue Court-Ordered counseling;
8. I met with Jeannette Hammond on June 13, 2013 for an hour;
9. Ms. Hammond wanted me to meet with [Grandparents’ to work
out our differences;
10. I was willing to meet with [Grandparents] eventually but I did
not feel I was ready at that time;
11. I met with Ms. Hammond on August 26, 2013, but only for half
an hour;
12. [Q.B.] and I are currently counseling at Moundbuilders.
****.
{¶26} We note Mother’s affidavit does not make reference to the magistrate’s
finding she denied companionship on September 15, 2013 for “unspecified reasons.” If
a Rule 53 affidavit is employed, it must purport to comprise all the relevant evidence
submitted to the referee on the issue, instead of just the evidence the objecting party
believes was disregarded. Pappenhagen v. Payne, 48 Ohio App.3d 176, 178, 549
N.E.2d 208 (1988), citing Sabik v. Drake, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 53588, unreported, at
*4-5, 1988 WL 32111 (Mar. 17, 1988).
{¶27} Our standard of review of a contempt finding is “highly deferential.” See,
In re Helfrich, 5th Dist. Licking No. 13CA20, 2014-Ohio-1933, ¶ 40, citing State ex rel.
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 11
Cincinnati Enquirer v. Hunter, 138 Ohio St.3d 51, 2013–Ohio–5614, 3 N.E.3d 179, ¶ 29;
Dobbins v. Evans, 5th Dist. Stark No.2011 CA00171, 2012–Ohio–898, ¶ 12. We defer
to the trial court because the magistrate and trial court have heard the evidence and are
familiar with the terms of the parties’ agreement. The trial court’s decision finding
appellant in contempt is not unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable because it is
evident from her own admissions Mother did not abide by the terms of the agreement
and sought to hold Grandparents to terms not included in the parties’ agreement.
Mother has essentially attempted to re-write the terms of the agreement to her own
ends, thereby overriding the terms and spirit of the agreement and flouting the authority
of the Court.
{¶28} Next, we turn to the sanction imposed. The trial court reduced the
magistrate’s imposition of 30 days in jail, with 5 days of actual incarceration, to 2 days in
the Knox County Jail, noting “[w]hile the Court cannot and will not tolerate direct
disobedience of its orders, the punishment must fit the nature and extent of the offense.”
{¶29} Indirect contempt occurs when a party engages in conduct outside the
presence of the court that demonstrates a lack of respect for the court or its lawful
orders. Bierce v. Howell, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 06CAF050032, 2007–Ohio–3050, ¶ 16.
A contempt finding may be civil or criminal in nature. In Brown v. Executive 200, Inc., 64
Ohio St.2d 250, 253–254, 416 N.E.2d 610 (1980), the Supreme Court of Ohio
discussed the distinction between civil and criminal contempt as follows:
While both types of contempt contain an element of punishment,
courts distinguish criminal and civil contempt not on the basis of
punishment, but rather, by the character and purpose of the
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 12
punishment. * * * Punishment is remedial or coercive and for the
benefit of the complainant in civil contempt. Prison sentences are
conditional. The contemnor is said to carry the keys of his prison in
his own pocket * * * since he will be freed if he agrees to do as
ordered. Criminal contempt, on the other hand, is usually
characterized by an unconditional prison sentence. Such
imprisonment operates not as a remedy coercive in its nature but
as punishment for the completed act of disobedience, and to
vindicate the authority of the law and the court. * * *
(Citations omitted.)
{¶30} An individual charged with civil contempt must be permitted an opportunity
to purge herself of contempt by demonstrating compliance with the court order, but no
such requirement exists with criminal contempt because the purpose of the latter is
punitive. Ryder, supra, 2002-Ohio-765 at *2, citing Brown, supra, 64 Ohio St.2d at 250.
Criminal contempt is characterized by an unconditional fine or prison sentence. Id.
{¶31} In this case, the trial court imposed an unconditional jail term, albeit a
shorter one than that imposed by the magistrate. The purpose of this jail term is
punitive, as reflected in the entries of both the magistrate and the trial court. Mother’s
actions in this case therefore constitute indirect criminal contempt.
{¶32} “To sustain an indirect criminal contempt adjudication, there must be
evidence by which a reasonable trier of fact could find beyond a reasonable doubt that
an accused contemnor intended to bring the administration of the law into disrepute and
disregard or otherwise intentionally impede, embarrass or obstruct the court in the
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 13
performance of its functions;” this intent “may be shown by circumstantial evidence.”
Helfrich, supra, 2014-Ohio-1933 at ¶ 45, citing State v. Baumgartner, 6th Dist. Ottawa
No. OT–06–046, 2008–Ohio–971, ¶ 97. Mother asserts her adjudication is against the
manifest weight of the evidence but we find the evidence presented at the September
19 hearing, as related in the affidavit of Mother, Grandmother, and the Guardian Ad
Litem, support the trial court’s finding beyond a reasonable doubt.
{¶33} The trial court’s decisions to find Mother in contempt and to impose a jail
term of two days is not an abuse of discretion. Mother’s first assignment of error is
overruled.
II.
{¶34} In her second assignment of error, Mother summarily argues the trial court
violated her due process rights in “failing to produce a transcript for review.” We
disagree.
{¶35} As noted supra, the magistrate responded to Mother’s request for a
transcript with an order stating the contempt hearing was not recorded due to an
equipment malfunction; therefore the parties were required to file an affidavit pursuant
to Rule 53(C)(3)(b)(iii) (sic). Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(iii) provides as follows:
(iii) Objection to magistrate's factual finding; transcript or affidavit.
An objection to a factual finding, whether or not specifically
designated as a finding of fact under Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(a)(ii), shall be
supported by a transcript of all the evidence submitted to the
magistrate relevant to that finding or an affidavit of that evidence if
a transcript is not available. With leave of court, alternative
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 14
technology or manner of reviewing the relevant evidence may be
considered. The objecting party shall file the transcript or affidavit
with the court within thirty days after filing objections unless the
court extends the time in writing for preparation of the transcript or
other good cause. If a party files timely objections prior to the date
on which a transcript is prepared, the party may seek leave of court
to supplement the objections.
{¶36} The Civil Rules therefore provide an alternative when proceedings are not
able to be transcribed.
{¶37} Mother does not specify how her due process rights were violated by the
trial court when the applicable Civil Rule was otherwise followed. Mother had an
opportunity to submit her own affidavit and did so. Due process requires “the decision-
maker [to], in some meaningful manner, consider evidence obtained at hearing.”
(emphasis in original), State ex rel. Ormet Corp. v. Industrial Com'n of Ohio, 54 Ohio
St.3d 102, 107, 561 N.E.2d 920 (1990). The affidavits accomplish that purpose.
Mother presents us with no authority in support of her argument the affidavits do not
comply with due process, and she points to no evidence in the record to indicate the
trial court did not review the affidavits and weigh the evidence from the hearing in “some
meaningful manner.”
{¶38} Mother’s second assignment of error is overruled.
Knox County, Case No. 14CA1 15
CONCLUSION
{¶39} Mother’s two assignments of error are overruled and the judgment of the
Knox County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division is affirmed.
By: Delaney, J. and
Gwin, P.J.
Farmer, J., concur.
Burke v. French
Combined Opinion