[Cite as Disciplinary Counsel v. Plough, 126 Ohio St.3d 167, 2010-Ohio-3298.]
DISCIPLINARY COUNSEL v. PLOUGH.
[Cite as Disciplinary Counsel v. Plough, 126 Ohio St.3d 167, 2010-Ohio-3298.]
Judges — Misconduct — Violations of the Judicial Canons, the Rules of
Professional Conduct, and the Disciplinary Rules — Misconduct warrants
license suspension, partially stayed.
(No. 2009-2341 — Submitted February 24, 2010 — Decided July 21, 2010.)
ON CERTIFIED REPORT by the Board of Commissioners on Grievances and
Discipline of the Supreme Court, No. 09-026.
__________________
Per Curiam.
{¶ 1} Respondent, John Joseph Plough of Ravenna, Ohio, Attorney
Registration No. 0012818, was admitted to the practice of law in Ohio in 1973. In
November 2005, he was elected to fill an unexpired term on the Portage County
Municipal Court and took office in December of that year. After serving in the
court’s Ravenna Division for 11 months, respondent transferred to the Kent
Division, where he continued to serve until his term expired on December 31,
2009. Respondent did not seek reelection.
{¶ 2} On August 7, 2009, relator, Disciplinary Counsel, filed an
amended complaint charging respondent with multiple violations of the Code of
Judicial Conduct and the Rules of Professional Conduct.1 After dismissing
certain allegations, relator alleges that respondent failed to uphold the integrity
and independence of the judiciary, failed to dispose of judicial matters promptly,
efficiently, and fairly, failed to diligently discharge administrative responsibilities
1. Respondent was charged under the former version of the Code of Judicial Conduct because all
conduct in this case occurred before March 1, 2009, the effective date of the current code.
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO
without bias, engaged in ex parte communication, and engaged in conduct that is
prejudicial to the administration of justice.
{¶ 3} In October 2009, a three-member panel of the Board of
Commissioners on Grievances and Discipline conducted a hearing. Based upon
the testimony of respondent and others, as well as the parties’ stipulated facts,
exhibits, and violations, the panel made findings of fact and concluded that
respondent had committed ten violations of the Code of Judicial Conduct and four
violations of the Rules of Professional Conduct. Therefore, the panel
recommended that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for one year,
with six months stayed, as jointly recommended by the parties. Additionally, the
panel recommended that we dismiss Count I of the complaint, as it determined
that the alleged misconduct had not been proven by clear and convincing
evidence. The board adopted the panel report in its entirety.
{¶ 4} We accept the board’s findings of misconduct and agree that a one-
year suspension, with six months stayed, is the appropriate sanction.
Misconduct
Count I
{¶ 5} In May 2007, a defense counsel moved for the continuance of a
criminal trial, alleging that she had just received additional discovery from the
prosecutor and needed additional time to prepare an adequate defense. Without
reviewing the discovery materials, respondent accepted the prosecutor’s
representation that denying the motion would not prejudice the defendant and
then denied the continuance and began the trial. When defense counsel refused to
participate in the proceedings, respondent found her in contempt of court. At a
contempt hearing later that afternoon, however, respondent acknowledged that the
discovery was “rather voluminous,” withdrew the contempt, and granted a
continuance of the trial.
2
January Term, 2010
{¶ 6} Respondent’s conduct in denying the motion for continuance and
citing defense counsel in contempt may have constituted an abuse of his
discretion. We have observed, however, that “[j]udges must routinely exercise
their discretion in a myriad of ways while executing their duties in the
administration of justice, and the abuse of that discretion typically generates an
appeal, not disciplinary proceedings.” Disciplinary Counsel v. O'Neill, 103 Ohio
St.3d 204, 2004-Ohio-4704, 815 N.E.2d 286, ¶ 7. Upon review of the board’s
factual findings, we agree that relator has not proven by clear and convincing
evidence that respondent’s conduct with respect to this count violated the former
Code of Judicial Conduct. Therefore, we adopt the unanimous recommendation
of the panel and board and dismiss Count One.
Count II
{¶ 7} In Count II, the evidence established that respondent failed to
either maintain or provide a complete record in three separate proceedings in his
court despite numerous written requests filed by the parties. In one case,
respondent never produced an audio recording of the proceedings, and in another
case, the recordings were either incomplete or incapable of being transcribed. In
a third case, respondent failed to comply with multiple remands from the Eleventh
District Court of Appeals ordering him to produce the audio recording of the
proceedings or follow the App.R. 9(C) procedure for creating a statement of the
evidence or proceedings. Respondent’s failure to maintain or provide complete
recordings resulted in (1) the reversal of a portion of one criminal defendant’s
sentence that required him to register as a sex offender and (2) the reversal of
another defendant’s conviction for operating a vehicle under the influence of
alcohol (“OVI”).
{¶ 8} The parties stipulated, the board found, and we agree that
respondent’s conduct violated three Canons of the former Code of Judicial
Conduct: Canon 2 (requiring a judge to respect and comply with the law and act
3
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO
at all times in a manner that promotes public confidence in the integrity and
impartiality of the judiciary), Canon 3(B)(8) (requiring a judge to dispose of all
judicial matters promptly, efficiently, and fairly), and Canon 3(C)(1) (requiring a
judge to diligently discharge administrative responsibilities without bias and
prejudice, maintain professional competence in judicial administration, and
cooperate with other judges and court officials in the administration of court
business); and Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(d) (prohibiting conduct that is prejudicial to the
administration of justice).
Count III
{¶ 9} In Count III, the evidence demonstrates that respondent waited
almost three months to comply with an Eleventh District Court of Appeals’
remand ordering him to vacate an appellant’s OVI conviction and enter a
judgment of acquittal. The parties stipulated, the board found, and we agree that
relator has proven by clear and convincing evidence that this conduct violated
Canons 2 and 3(B)(8) of the former Code of Judicial Conduct and Prof.Cond.R.
8.4(d).
Count IV
{¶ 10} In Count IV, the evidence established that respondent telephoned
the county prosecutor without defense counsel present to discuss respondent’s
opposition to an assistant prosecutor’s plea agreement reducing a pending third-
degree-felony charge to a misdemeanor. The parties stipulated, the board found,
and we agree that this conduct violated Canons 3(B)(7) of the former Code of
Judicial Conduct (prohibiting ex parte communication about a pending case).
Count VI
{¶ 11} The record demonstrates that at a September 2006 jury trial of a
defendant charged with OVI, respondent interrupted defense counsel’s recross-
examination of the arresting officer when counsel attempted to ask whether the
officer had properly performed the field sobriety tests. Referring to the officer’s
4
January Term, 2010
previous testimony during a suppression hearing, respondent stated, “[W]e’ve
gone through this hearing before and we’ve determined that these tests were done
in accordance with NHTSA [National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]
standards, so go on with another question.” Despite this improper statement of
personal opinion on an issue of fact for the jury, respondent denied the resulting
defense motion for a mistrial. Later, during closing argument, respondent
repeatedly interrupted defense counsel, berated him, and criticized his
professional qualifications in front of the jury.
{¶ 12} In its decision reversing the judgment of conviction in part, the
Eleventh District Court of Appeals observed: “We first point out that the trial
court was entitled to intervene during closing argument to provide guidance as to
its concerns regarding the parameters of defense counsel’s argument. However,
the initial intervention quickly evolved from a legitimate concern for procedure to
a heavy-handed, insulting, and unnecessary display of authority. The trial judge’s
remarks transcended legitimate methods of courtroom control which served to
fundamentally encumber defense counsel’s ability to effectively represent
appellant. In fact, the trial judge’s gratuitous vilification and general hostility
directed at defense counsel ultimately caused him to sit down and refrain from
completing his closing argument.” State v. Smith, Portage App. Nos. 2006-P-
0101 and 2006-P-0102, 2008-Ohio-3251, ¶ 76.
{¶ 13} Respondent’s conduct in expressing his personal opinion on a
factual issue to be resolved by the jury and in castigating defense counsel during
closing argument caused defense counsel to forfeit closing argument, thereby
prejudicing the defendant and adversely affecting public confidence in the judicial
system. Therefore, the parties stipulated, the board found, and we agree that
respondent violated Canon 1 (requiring a judge to uphold the integrity and
independence of the judiciary), 2, and 3(B)(4) of the former Code of Judicial
Conduct.
5
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO
{¶ 14} Relator also charged respondent with engaging in conduct that is
prejudicial to the administration of justice. The parties stipulated and the board
found that respondent violated Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(d). But the record demonstrates
that the conduct giving rise to the charge occurred on September 12, 2006 –
before the February 1, 2007 effective date of the Rules of Professional Conduct.
Therefore, we find that respondent’s conduct violates DR 1-102(A)(5), which
likewise prohibits a lawyer from engaging in conduct that is prejudicial to the
administration of justice.
Count VIII
{¶ 15} With regard to Count VIII, the record demonstrates that respondent
refused to accept a guilty plea for a charged minor-misdemeanor speeding offense
based upon his mistaken belief that a statute mandated that the defendant be
charged with a more serious offense. In fact, the defendant did not have two prior
convictions within one year so as to warrant a fourth-degree-misdemeanor charge.
The parties stipulated, the board found, and we agree that this conduct violated
Canon 2 of the Code of Judicial Conduct and Prof.Cond.R. 8.4(d).
Sanction
{¶ 16} In determining the appropriate sanction for respondent’s violations
of the Code of Judicial Conduct, the Rules of Professional Conduct, and the
Disciplinary Rules, we consider the duties violated, the injury caused,
respondent’s mental state, the applicable aggravating and mitigating
circumstances listed in Section 10(B) of the Rules and Regulations Governing
Procedure on Complaints and Hearings Before the Board of Commissioners on
Grievances and Discipline (“BCGD Proc.Reg.”), and precedent. Disciplinary
Counsel v. Sargeant, 118 Ohio St.3d 322, 2008-Ohio-2330, 889 N.E.2d 96, ¶ 28,
citing Disciplinary Counsel v. Evans (2000), 89 Ohio St.3d 497, 501, 733 N.E.2d
609.
6
January Term, 2010
{¶ 17} Respondent has failed to maintain or provide complete records of
the proceedings in his courtroom, resulting in the reversal of one OVI conviction
and the removal of a sex-offender registration requirement from a criminal
sentence. He has unreasonably delayed compliance with a mandate of the court
of appeals on remand, engaged in an improper ex parte communication with a
prosecutor, expressed an opinion on an issue of fact in the jury’s presence, berated
defense counsel during closing argument, and refused to grant a mistrial based
upon his own prejudicial conduct. He also refused to accept a guilty plea for a
misdemeanor speeding violation based upon his mistaken belief that the
prosecutor was statutorily required to charge the defendant with a greater offense.
Rather than promoting the evenhanded administration of justice, these actions
have served to erode public confidence in the integrity of the judiciary.
{¶ 18} The board noted, as aggravating factors, that respondent has
committed multiple violations and that litigants’ appeal rights were prejudiced by
respondent’s failure to provide an adequate record of proceedings in his court.
BCGD Proc.Reg. 10(B)(1)(d) and (h). And in mitigation, the board found that
respondent (1) has no prior disciplinary record, (2) has not acted with dishonest or
selfish motives, (3) has made a full and free disclosure of his conduct and has
exhibited a cooperative attitude toward these proceedings, and (4) has a good
reputation among many of his friends, colleagues, and acquaintances for honesty,
diligence, and fairness in the conduct of his duties as a judge. BCGD Proc.Reg.
10(B)(2 )(a), (b), (d), and (e).
{¶ 19} The board cites a number of cases in which the court imposed a
more severe sanction than the sanction recommended in this case and
distinguishes those cases because they generally involve a measure of dishonesty,
a failure to concede the violations, or a prior disciplinary history – aggravating
factors that are not present in this case. See, e.g., Disciplinary Counsel v. Parker,
116 Ohio St.3d 64, 2007-Ohio-5635, 876 N.E.2d 556, ¶ 117, 130 (18-month
7
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO
suspension with six months stayed in the presence of aggravating factors
including dishonesty and failure to acknowledge the wrongfulness of the
conduct). See also Disciplinary Counsel v. O’Neill, 103 Ohio St.3d 204, 2004-
Ohio-4704, 815 N.E.2d 286, ¶ 48, 55 (two-year suspension with one year stayed
when aggravating factors included submission of false statements and a refusal to
acknowledge the wrongful nature of conduct); Disciplinary Counsel v. Squire,
116 Ohio St.3d 110, 2007-Ohio-5588, 876 N.E.2d 933, ¶ 82, 112 (two-year
suspension with one year stayed when aggravating factors included
misrepresentation and failure to acknowledge wrongfulness of conduct;
Disciplinary Counsel v. Medley, 104 Ohio St.3d 251, 2004-Ohio-6402, 819
N.E.2d 273, ¶ 38, 43 (18-month suspension with six months stayed when
aggravating factors included prior disciplinary record and failure to acknowledge
wrongfulness of conduct).
{¶ 20} At the opposite end of the spectrum, the board notes that in
Disciplinary Counsel v. Karto (2002), 94 Ohio St.3d 109, 111-117, 760 N.E.2d
412, we imposed a six-month suspension for multiple disciplinary violations
when the respondent’s misconduct included twice abusing the court’s contempt
power, using an outdated rule book in sentencing, engaging in ex parte
communications, and urging the prosecutor to press felony charges against a
defendant.
{¶ 21} However, respondent’s conduct is more serious than that at issue in
Karto because it involves respondent’s (1) failure to maintain proper records of
legal proceedings, thereby depriving the litigants of their right to appeal, and (2)
failure to adhere to the mandates of a higher court, thereby impeding the efficient
administration of justice.
{¶ 22} We find our recent decision in Disciplinary Counsel v. Campbell,
126 Ohio St.3d 250, 2010-Ohio-3265, __ N.E.2d __, to be most instructive.
There, we imposed a one-year suspension with six months stayed on the license of
8
January Term, 2010
a judge who had committed multiple violations of the former Code of Judicial
Conduct, including one violation of Canon 1, nine violations of Canon 2, one
violation of Canon 3(B)(2), three violations of Canon 3(B)(4), and two violations
of DR 1-102(A)(5) of the Code of Professional Responsibility. There, the judge
(1) became involved in a criminal investigation, (2) attempted to try an indigent
defendant without appointing counsel, (3) failed to follow applicable precedent
from this court, (4) failed to faithfully discharge his duties upon a remand from an
appellate court, (5) used his position as a judge to obtain access to a prosecutor’s
file, and (6) behaved in an undignified, unprofessional, and discourteous manner
toward attorneys and litigants in his courtroom.
{¶ 23} Based upon the foregoing, we conclude that the sanction
recommended by the parties and the board is reasonable and appropriate.
Accordingly, John Joseph Plough is hereby suspended from the practice of law in
the state of Ohio for one year, with six months of that suspension stayed on the
condition that he commit no violations during the one-year suspension. If
respondent fails to meet this condition, the stay will be lifted, and he will serve
the entire one-year suspension. Costs are taxed to respondent.
Judgment accordingly.
PFEIFER, LUNDBERG STRATTON, O’DONNELL, LANZINGER, and CUPP, JJ.,
concur.
O’CONNOR, J., dissents and would suspend respondent from the practice
of law in Ohio for one year.
BROWN, C.J., not participating.
__________________
Jonathan E. Coughlan, Disciplinary Counsel, and Stacy Solochek
Beckman, Assistant Disciplinary Counsel, for relator.
George D. Jonson and Kimberly Vanover Riley, for respondent.
______________________
9