[Cite as In re M.W., 2014-Ohio-3061.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
IN RE: :
: Appellate Case No. 26107
M.W. and N.W. :
: Trial Court Case Nos. 2009-11289
: Trial Court Case Nos. 2009-11291
:
: (Civil Appeal from Common Pleas
: (Court, Juvenile)
:
:
...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 11th day of July, 2014.
...........
MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by MICHELE D. PHIPPS, Atty. Reg. #0069829, Montgomery
County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, Montgomery County Courts Building, P.O. Box
972, 301 West Third Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402
Attorney for Appellee, Montgomery County Children Services Board
CHARLES W. SLICER, III, Atty. Reg. #0059927, 111 West First Street, Suite 518, Dayton,
Ohio 45402
Attorney for Appellant, J.W.
MARCY VONDERWELL, Atty. Reg. #0078311, 260 North Detroit Street, Xenia, Ohio 45385
Attorney for Guardian Ad Litem
JAMES ARMSTRONG, Atty. Reg. #0020638, 131 North Ludlow Street, Suite 386, Dayton,
Ohio 45402
Attorney for Minor Child, M.W.
CONNIE KLAYKO, Atty. Reg. #0083785, 61-B South Main Street, Dayton, Ohio 45458
Attorney for Minor Child, N.W.
BEN SWIFT, Atty. Reg. #0065745, 333 West First Street, Suite 445, Dayton, Ohio 45402
Attorney for Appellee, K.B.
.............
HALL, J.,
{¶ 1} J.W. (Father) appeals from the trial court’s judgment entries awarding appellee
Montgomery County Children Services (MCCS) permanent custody of his two children, M.W.
and N.W.
{¶ 2} In his sole assignment of error, Father contends the trial court erred in awarding
MCCS permanent custody because the agency failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence
that such a disposition was in the children’s best interest.
{¶ 3} The record reflects that K.B. (Mother) gave birth to M.W. in 2003 and N.W. in
2004. MCCS filed dependency complaints regarding the two children in December 2009. The
complaints alleged that the children were dependent due to instability of the parents, parenting
concerns, and the condition of the marital residence. More specifically, the complaints alleged
that Father had been in and out of jail on multiple charges, including domestic violence, that he
was incarcerated, that utilities to the marital residence had been shut off, and that the residence
was in a “deplorable” condition. The children later were adjudicated dependent, and MCCS
obtained temporary custody. Thereafter, temporary custody twice was extended while Father and
Mother, who were separated, attempted to satisfy their respective case-plan requirements. While
in MCCS’s temporary custody, the children resided together in two foster homes. In November
2011, MCCS moved for permanent custody. Father responded by filing his own motion for legal
custody. The matter proceeded to a three-day dispositional hearing before a magistrate in 2012.
Based on the evidence presented, the magistrate sustained MCCS’s motion for permanent
3
custody and overruled Father’s motion. Father timely objected to that decision. On February 20,
2014, the trial court filed a decision and judgment entry in which it independently reviewed the
record, made its own findings of fact and conclusions of law, overruled the objections, and
adopted the magistrate’s decision. This timely appeal by Father followed.1
{¶ 4} When a child has been in temporary custody of a children services agency for
twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period, a trial court is authorized to
terminate parental rights and to grant permanent custody to the agency if it finds, by clear and
convincing evidence, that permanent custody is in a child’s best interest. In re R. Y., 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 25694, 2013-Ohio-3942, ¶ 10. Here Father concedes that MCCS satisfied the
twelve-month requirement. He challenges only the trial court’s best-interest finding, which we
review for an abuse of discretion. Id. at ¶ 11.
{¶ 5} The statutory best-interest factors include: (1) the interaction and
interrelationship of the child with the child’s parents, relatives, foster parents and any other
person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of the child; (3) the custodial history
of the child; (4) the child’s need for a legally secure permanent placement and whether that type
of placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent custody to the agency; and (5)
whether any of the factors in R.C. 2151.414(E)(7) through (11) are applicable. Id. at ¶ 12.
{¶ 6} On appeal, Father contends the best-interest factors support awarding him legal
custody of M.W. and N.W. He argues that he substantially completed his case-plan objectives,
that he regularly visited with his children, that they were bonded with him, that he maintained
1
Mother has not challenged the trial court’s permanent-custody ruling. During the dispositional hearing, she testified that she
believed it was in the best interest of M.W. and N.W. for the current foster parents to adopt them following a grant of permanent custody to
MCCS. (Hearing Tr. Vol. III at 463-464).
4
employment, and that reunification was possible.
{¶ 7} Notwithstanding Father’s arguments, we see no abuse of discretion in the trial
court’s finding that an award of permanent custody to MCCS is in the children’s best interest.
The trial court noted that Father’s case-plan objectives included obtaining and maintaining stable
income, obtaining and maintaining acceptable housing, submitting to a parenting and
psychological evaluation, obtaining treatment for domestic-violence issues, submitting to a drug
and alcohol assessment and following through with all recommendations, maintaining consistent
visitation with the children, and refraining from additional criminal activity.
{¶ 8} After examining the evidence, the trial court found that Father had “failed to
substantially complete his case plan objectives.” (Doc. #3 at 6). In support, the trial court stated:
* * * [Father] completed a parenting and psychological evaluation,
maintained consistent visitation with his children, and refrained from further
criminal involvement. However, [Father] failed to follow through with [a]
recommendation to engage in long-term psychotherapy and failed to complete
domestic violence treatment. Furthermore, while [Father] does currently have
housing and income, [Father] has failed to demonstrate that he can maintain said
housing and income, and the Court has doubts as to whether said housing is
appropriate for children.
(Doc. #3 at 6).2
2
The trial court found that Father had met his case-plan objective of refraining from criminal activity because he had not
committed any crimes during the six months preceding the dispositional hearing. Prior to that six-month window, however, and while the
dependency action was pending, Father received citations for driving without a license and driving without license plates. Prior to the
six-month window, he also was convicted of felony domestic violence and served prison time. (Doc. #3 at 6). Parenthetically, we note too that
Father pled guilty to a new charge of felony theft and received community control sanctions just four months before the trial court overruled
5
{¶ 9} The record supports the trial court’s findings concerning the case-plan objectives.
With regard to stable income, the trial court cited evidence of Father’s long history of irregular
and unstable employment, his holding jobs for only short time periods while the dependency
action was pending, and his performance of odd jobs and receipt of unemployment benefits of
$160 per week at the time of the dispositional hearing. (Doc. #3 at 4).
{¶ 10} With regard to suitable housing, the trial court cited evidence of Father’s extreme
transience and unstable housing. It also noted his long history of failing to maintain working
utilities or to pay utility bills. The trial court observed that on the final day of the dispositional
hearing Father’s most recent residence (his third home during the dependency action along with
stints in jail, prison, and a period of homelessness) still lacked functioning utilities, functioning
indoor plumbing, and basic appliances. (Id. at 4). Although Father testified that those deficiencies
were in the process of being remedied, the trial court had ample justification to doubt whether
Father’s housing was appropriate or whether he could maintain it.
{¶ 11} With regard to long-term psychotherapy and domestic-violence treatment, the
trial court cited evidence to support its finding that these objectives remained unmet. In
particular, it noted Father’s failure to follow through with individual therapy and his termination
from a domestic-violence program for excessive absences even after being given a second
chance. (Id. at 5).
{¶ 12} As to the specific statutory best-interest factors, the trial court addressed each one
and made corresponding findings, which are supported by the record. With regard to the
children’s interaction with others, the trial court found:
his objections to the magistrate’s decision in this case. See, Montgomery C.P. No. 2013 CR 1346 (Oct. 10, 2013).
[Cite as In re M.W., 2014-Ohio-3061.]
The children have not lived with [Mother] and [Father] since December
2009. Since their removal, the children have had consistent visitation time with
[Mother]. The children’s relationship with [Mother] has suffered in some respects
because of the extended separation, but the children love [Mother] and she loves
them. The children have had extremely consistent visitation time with [Father]
since their removal. The children’s therapist, Jennifer Cantrell-Goldy, reports
[N.W.] indicates [Father] has touched her in an unhealthy way. However, Dr.
King, who had the opportunity to observe visitation in 2010 and 2012, reported no
inappropriate behavior between [Father] and the children. The current foster
parents report the children’s behavior is out of control after visiting with [Father].
The children have been at their current foster placement since November 2011.
The children appear bonded to their foster parents. The CASA GAL reports the
foster parents say the children are a joy to have. The foster parents have
expressed an interest in adopting the children if they have the opportunity. The
record does not indicate the children have had any visitation time with any other
relatives since being placed in the temporary custody of MCCS. The Court notes
MCCS considered a number of relatives recommended by [Mother] and [Father]
as potential placements for the children. The children’s maternal great aunt was
unable to care for the children. [Father’s] brother and his wife expressed an
interest in caring for the children, but then they stopped communicating with
MCCS. Thus, MCCS concluded that none of the suggested relatives were viable
placements for the children.
(Citations to the record omitted) (Id. at 7-8).
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{¶ 13} With regard to the wishes of the children, the trial court found: “The CASA GAL
reports the children wish to stay with their foster parents.” (Citations to the record omitted) (Id. at
8).
{¶ 14} With regard to the custodial history of the children, the trial court found: “The
children have been in the temporary custody of MCCS since December 2009. While in MCCS’s
custody, the children have been in two different foster homes. The children still have an excellent
relationship with their first foster mother, who they call ‘Grandma.’ The children have been in
their current foster placement since November 2011.” (Citations to the record omitted) (Id.).
{¶ 15} With regard to the children’s need for a legally secure placement and whether
such a placement could be achieved without a grant of permanent custody to MCCS, the trial
court found:
The Court notes temporary custody of the children was granted to MCCS
on April 8, 2010, and that both extensions of temporary custody have been
granted. On November 4, 2011, MCCS filed a motion for permanent custody of
the children. Furthermore, [M.W.] and [N.W.] have medical and/or behavioral
disorders which require ongoing treatment and therapy. As both extensions of
temporary custody have been granted and given the children’s medical/behavioral
conditions, the Court finds the children are in need of a legally secure and
permanent placement. As previously discussed, [Mother] and [Father] have not
completed or made substantial progress on their case plans. As such, the Court
finds a legally secure placement cannot be achieved without granting permanent
custody to MCCS.
8
(Citations to the record omitted) (Id.).
{¶ 16} Finally, the trial court found that none of the remaining best-interest factors in
R.C. 2151.414(E)(7) through (E)(11) applied.3 (Id. at 9).
{¶ 17} Based on its review of the evidence, the trial court summarized its findings as
follows:
The children in this case have been in foster care for over thirty months.
MCCS made reasonable efforts to implement and finalize the permanency plan, to
eliminate the continued removal of the children from the children’s home, and
make it possible for the children to return home. The children are doing well in
their foster homes and appear to be bonded to their foster family. Placement with
[Mother] or [Father] is not possible within a reasonable time. No other family
member is willing or able to care for the children at this time. The children are
adoptable. The current foster parents plan to adopt the children if the opportunity
presents itself. The custodial history of the children suggests the children are in
desperate need of a legally secure placement, which the Court does not believe can
be achieved without granting permanent custody of the children to MCCS. The
Court finds the State presented clear and convincing evidence that permanent
custody with MCCS is in the best interest of the children. * * *
(Id.).
{¶ 18} Upon review, we see no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s best-interest
3
These factors address a parent’s convictions, withholding food or treatment, placing a child at risk due to substance abuse,
abandonment of the child, and the termination of parental rights with regard to another child.
9
determination. Although he may have good intentions, clear and convincing evidence in the
record reflects that Father is marginally capable of supporting himself, let alone providing for the
needs of his children. He has a lengthy history of sporadic employment and unemployment,
transience, inadequate housing, and criminal activity. The record also demonstrates that Father’s
children are in need of care and stability he currently cannot provide. Mother recognized this fact
(and her own inability to care for the children) as did the guardian ad litem, Father’s caseworker,
the children’s therapist, and the trial court. Because the trial court’s best-interest determination is
supported by clear and convincing evidence, we overrule Father’s assignment of error.
{¶ 19} The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
.............
FROELICH, P.J., and FAIN, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Mathias H. Heck
Michele D. Phipps
Charles W. Slicer, III
Marcy Vonderwell
James Armstrong
Connie Klayko
Ben Swift
Hon. Anthony Capizzi