[Cite as State v. Hall, 2012-Ohio-2539.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR GREENE COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO :
Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 2011 CA 32
v. : T.C. NO. CRB1001238
DONALD D. HALL : (Criminal appeal from
Municipal Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
:
..........
OPINION
Rendered on the 8th day of June , 2012.
..........
BETSY A. DEEDS, Atty. Reg. No. 0076747, Assistant Fairborn Prosecutor, 510 West Main
Street, Fairborn, Ohio 45324
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
SHAWN P. HOOKS, Atty. Reg. No. 0079100, 131 N. Ludlow Street, Suite 630, Dayton,
Ohio 45420
Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
..........
FROELICH, J.
{¶ 1} Donald Hall appeals from a judgment of the Fairborn Municipal Court,
2
which denied Hall’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea. For the following reasons, the trial
court’s judgment will be affirmed.
I.
{¶ 2} In June 2010, Hall was charged with telephone harassment, a first degree
misdemeanor, based on telephone calls that he made to an individual who had been hired to
perform contracting work at his home. During the pendency of his case, Hall requested
several continuances based, in part, on treatment he was receiving for his back. The trial
court ultimately required Hall to submit documentation from his treating physician as to why
he could not attend the trial, which was scheduled for February 9, 2011.
{¶ 3} On February 4, 2011, Hall again moved for a continuance, stating that he
was involved in an automobile accident in December 2010, that he was recovering from
back surgery prior to the accident, and that, as a result of the accident, he “has been receiving
prescription pain killers, such as vicodin and percocet.” Hall stated that he did “not believe
that accurate testimony can be elicited while under heavy painkillers,” which he reportedly
took several times a day. Hall attached a doctor’s note indicating that Hall was under the
doctor’s care for a motor vehicle accident injury and was participating in therapy; the note
asked the court to “please excuse [Hall] from court until improved.” Four days later, Hall
supplemented the motion with a letter from his chiropractor, which stated that Hall was
under his care for cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal injuries sustained in the car accident
and that “it is recommended that Donald Hall not attend court hearing scheduled for
February 9, 2011.” The trial court overruled the motion for a continuance, noting that the
doctors’ information was “vague” and failed to provide any indication as to when Hall
3
would be well enough to appear in court.
{¶ 4} On February 9, 2011, Hall appeared with counsel, waived a jury trial (which
he had requested), and entered a guilty plea to menacing, a fourth degree misdemeanor. The
court immediately sentenced him to 30 days in jail, all of which were suspended on the
condition that he complete two years of unsupervised community control, have no contact
with the complainant, and stay at least 500 feet from the complainant for two years. Hall
was also ordered to pay a $150 fine and court costs.
{¶ 5} Approximately three weeks later, Hall, with new counsel, filed a motion to
withdraw his guilty plea. Hall stated that he believed that he was “unable to assist counsel
or knowingly and voluntarily make a guilty plea due to the influence of the pain killers” at
the time the plea was entered. The trial court held a hearing on the motion, at which Hall’s
counsel presented argument on his behalf. No witnesses testified, and no documentary
evidence was submitted. At the end of the hearing, the trial court orally overruled the
motion. The court subsequently entered a written entry, which stated, in part:
The Court remembers defendant’s conduct on February 9, 2011; his
questions; his demeanor; and his answers provided to this Court at the time of
the plea and sentence. The Court did not observe or hear any indication that
defendant was impaired. In fact, defendant answered all questions
intelligently. Further, defendant did provide prior to the plea a request for
continuance and a note from a doctor indicating that he was in therapy. The
note from the doctor did not provide any information verifying that defendant
was taking any medication which could impair his thinking ability.
4
Defendant also did not provide any medical documentation at the hearing on
March 4, 2011, that the prescription medication he was taking on February 9,
2011, impaired his thinking.
The court therefore concluded that no manifest injustice existed.
{¶ 6} Hall appeals from the trial court’s judgment.
II.
{¶ 7} Hall raises three assignments of error. His first and second assignments of
error state:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ACCEPTED MR. HALL’S
CHANGE OF PLEA TO AN AMENDED CHARGE WHEN THE
SUBSEQUENT GUILTY PLEA WAS NOT KNOWINGLY,
INTELLIGENTLY, AND VOLUNTARILY GIVEN.
THE COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT
OVERRULED THE MOTION TO VACATE THE GUILTY PLEA IN
LIGHT OF THE MANIFEST INJUSTICE THAT OCCURRED. HIS
GUILTY PLEA WAS MADE WHILE HE WAS UNDER THE INFLUENCE
OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS AND THE TRIAL COURT DEPRIVED MR.
HALL OF HIS RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS BY NOT HAVING A PROPER
EVIDENTIARY HEARING ON THE MOTION.
{¶ 8} In his first and second assignments of error, Hall claims that the trial court
failed to conduct a proper hearing on his post-sentence motion to withdraw his plea and that
the court should have granted his motion.
5
{¶ 9} Criminal Rule 32.1 states: “A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no
contest may be made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the
court after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant to
withdraw his or her plea.” Crim.R. 32.1 thus sets forth two different standards for the trial
court to apply when addressing a motion to withdraw a plea, based on whether the motion
was filed before or after sentencing.
{¶ 10} A defendant’s motion to withdraw a plea, made before sentencing, should
be freely and liberally granted, provided the movant demonstrates a reasonable and
legitimate basis for the withdrawal. State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 526-27, 584 N.E.2d
715 (1992). This does not mean that a defendant has an absolute right to withdraw his plea
prior to sentencing. Id. at paragraph one of the syllabus. A trial court does not abuse its
discretion in denying a pre-sentencing motion to withdraw a guilty plea
(1) where the accused is represented by highly competent counsel, (2) where
the accused was afforded a full hearing, pursuant to Crim.R. 11, before he
entered the plea, (3) when, after the motion to withdraw is filed, the accused
it given a complete and impartial hearing on the motion, and (4) where the
record reveals that the court gave full and fair consideration to the plea
withdrawal request.
State v. Peterseim, 68 Ohio App.2d 211, 428 N.E.2d 863 (8th Dist.1980), paragraph three of
the syllabus.
{¶ 11} In contrast, the withdrawal of a guilty plea after sentencing is permitted
only in the most extraordinary cases. State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 264, 361 N.E.2d
6
1324 (1977). A defendant who files a post-sentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea
bears the burden of establishing manifest injustice. Crim.R. 32.1; State v. Harris, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 19013, 2002-Ohio-2278, ¶ 7, citing Smith at paragraph one of the syllabus.
Consideration of “[t]he motion is ‘addressed to the sound discretion’ of the trial court.”
Harris at ¶ 7, citing Smith at paragraph two of the syllabus. Thus, an appellate court
reviews the trial court’s decision under an abuse of discretion standard. Id. at ¶ 7, citing
State v. Adams, 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 157, 404 N.E.2d 144 (1980). An abuse of discretion
means “that the court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.” Id.
{¶ 12} The trial court is not required to hold an evidentiary hearing on every
post-sentence motion to withdraw a plea. E.g., State v. Harden, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.
24063, 2012-Ohio-1657, ¶ 14. “A hearing is required only if the facts alleged by the
defendant, if accepted as true, would require the plea to be withdrawn.” State v. McComb,
2d Dist. Montgomery Nos. 22570, 22571, 2009-Ohio-295, ¶ 19. The trial court should hold
a hearing “unless it is clear that denial of the motion is warranted.” Id., quoting State v.
Francis, 104 Ohio St.3d 490, 500, 2004-Ohio-6894, 820 N.E.2d 355, ¶ 51. The trial court
may satisfy the requirement for a full and fair hearing on a motion to withdraw a plea by
allowing the defendant and his attorney to speak at a hearing and to explain the basis for the
motion. State v. Burnett, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 20496, 2005-Ohio-1036, ¶ 20-21.
{¶ 13} In this case, the trial court conducted a hearing on Hall’s motion to withdraw
his plea on April 26, 2011, approximately seven weeks after his motion was filed. During
the hearing, Hall’s counsel expressed to the court that Hall’s motion was filed promptly and
that Hall believed that there was a manifest injustice “by [the court’s] accepting his guilty
7
plea while he was high on prescription pills that were recently prescribed by a doctor.”
Counsel argued that Hall’s body had not had time to “to adapt or get used to the
prescriptions and how they would impact him before he made this guilty plea before the
Court.” Counsel noted that Hall had twice moved for a continuance of the February trial
date so that he could become accustomed to the Vicodin and Percocet, which were
prescribed after his back surgery. (In his motion to withdraw his plea, Hall had stated that
the medications were prescribed after his December 13, 2010 automobile accident.
According to Hall’s October 13, 2010 motion for a continuance, his back surgery occurred in
mid-October 2010 in Arizona.) Counsel described these medications as “mind-altering
drugs that can completely alter the Defendant’s state of being and mind.” Counsel argued
that Hall was presented with “the choice between two evils[:] either possible conviction on a
higher count because he couldn’t help his counsel, or accepting the plea deal offered by the
prosecution.” Finally, counsel asserted that a continuance should have been granted, and a
plea deal could have been made a few weeks in the future, after Hall had adapted to his
medication.
{¶ 14} The prosecutor responded to Hall’s arguments by noting that Hall’s prior
counsel “understood the facts and circumstances surrounding the plea,” that the Court had
been “involved with this case from the beginning,” and that Hall’s motion reflected a change
of heart. Hall’s counsel denied that Hall had “buyer’s remorse” and argued that Hall’s
motion reflected that it was based on his realization that he was under the influence of drugs
when he entered his plea.
{¶ 15} At the conclusion of counsel’s arguments, the trial court orally overruled the
8
motion. The court indicated that it remembered the plea hearing and that Hall’s demeanor
and questions to his attorney “were all intelligent, well-informed questions that we had
discussion about with both sides of counsel present.” The court expressed that there was
nothing in his behavior, questions, or responses that led the court to believed that Hall was
not fully aware and capable of proceeding with the plea. The court subsequently filed a
written entry reflecting its reasoning and noting that no evidence had been submitted to
substantiate Hall’s claims.
{¶ 16} We find nothing inadequate with the trial court’s hearing on the motion to
withdraw Hall’s plea. Counsel for Hall and the State were given opportunities to present
their positions on the motion. Hall did not express to the court any intention to present
witnesses and/or documentary evidence during the hearing, and there is no indication in the
record that the trial court precluded Hall from presenting relevant testimony, documentary
evidence, or additional argument. The trial court’s hearing comported with the
requirements of due process, and the court gave full consideration to the motion.
{¶ 17} We also find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s decision to overrule
Hall’s motion. Hall’s motion was based on his assertion that he was impaired by his use of
prescription pain medication during the plea hearing. The trial court apparently disbelieved
Hall’s assertion based on its recollection of Hall’s behavior, statements, and demeanor
during the plea hearing. Nothing in the transcript of the plea hearing suggests that Hall was,
in fact, impaired by his use of prescription pain medication.
{¶ 18} Hall further notes that the trial court never made an express finding during
the plea hearing that his plea was knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. Crim.R. 11 sets forth
9
distinct procedures for the trial court to following in accepting a plea, with the procedures
varying based on whether offense involved is a “petty” misdemeanor, a “serious”
misdemeanor, or a felony. State v. Jones, 116 Ohio St.3d 211, 2007-Ohio-6093, 877
N.E.2d 677, ¶ 11; see Crim.R. 2 (defining classifications of offenses). For a petty
misdemeanor, such as Hall’s menacing offense, the trial court was required only to inform
Hall of the effect of his guilty plea, i.e., that his guilty plea was a complete admission of
guilt. Id. at ¶ 14, ¶ 25; Crim.R. 11(E). The trial court satisfied this obligation by asking
Hall if he understood that his plea “was a complete admission of guilt to the charge as it has
now been amended.”
{¶ 19} As opposed to felonies or serious misdemeanors, the trial court was not
required to make an express finding that Hall’s plea was made knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily, and Hall concedes in his brief that there was “technical compliance with the
mandates of Crim.R. 11(E).” We note that the trial court went beyond the requirements
under Crim.R.11(E) and asked Hall, among other things, whether anyone had forced him to
change his plea; after a discussion with his attorney, Hall responded, “No.” Based on the
transcript of the plea hearing, we find no indication that Hall’s plea was not made
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in
finding no manifest injustice and in denying Hall’s motion to withdraw his plea.
{¶ 20} The first and second assignments of error are overruled.
III.
{¶ 21} Hall’s third assignment of error states:
APPELLANT WAS DENIED THE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF
10
COUNSEL WHEN HIS ATTORNEY FAILED TO EFFECTIVELY
PARTICIPATE IN THE HEARING ON APPELLANT’S MOTION TO
WITHDRAW HIS PLEA.
{¶ 22} In his third assignment of error, Hall claims that his counsel at the hearing
on the motion to withdraw his plea was deficient, because she failed to present any witnesses
and documentary evidence on his behalf.
{¶ 23} We review claims of ineffective assistance of counsel under the two prong
analysis set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674
(1984), and adopted by the Supreme Court of Ohio in State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136,
538 N.E.2d 373 (1989). To reverse a judgment based on ineffective assistance of counsel, it
must be demonstrated that trial counsel’s conduct fell below an objective standard of
reasonableness and that counsel’s errors were serious enough to create a reasonable
probability that, but for the errors, the result of the trial would have been different.
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688. Trial counsel is entitled to a strong presumption that his or her
conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable assistance. Id.
{¶ 24} Hall states that he had “ample medical documentation” to present at the
hearing and that he was willing to testify on his own behalf. He claims that, had his counsel
presented this testimony and evidence at the hearing, he would have been able to show that
Vicodin and Percocet are mind-altering drugs that his physician felt would impair his
decision-making.
{¶ 25} Even if we were to assume, for sake of argument, that Hall’s counsel should
have called Hall to testify and offered the medical records during the hearing, we find no
11
reasonable probability that the outcome of the hearing would have been different. The trial
court’s decision did not question the veracity of Hall’s assertion that he was taking Vicodin
and Percocet due to an automobile accident and a preexisting back problem. Rather, the
trial court’s decision was based on the court’s perception that Hall was not, in fact, impaired
during the plea hearing. It is not likely that the outcome of the hearing would have been
different had Hall supplemented his attorney’s arguments with his own testimony that he
was impaired by the medications, absent some additional evidence substantiating that claim.
{¶ 26} Hall’s medical records are not in the record, and we can only speculate
whether they would establish that Hall’s use of the prescription pain medication affected his
ability to enter a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary plea. Even if Hall’s documentation
substantiated his medical condition and his use of prescription medication, such
documentation would likely not have affected the trial court’s decision, absent some
showing of actual impairment due to the use of the medicine; even if Hall had begun taking
Percocet and Vicodin shortly after his December 13 automobile accident, he would have
been taking those medications for more than a month by the time he entered his plea. In
short, with the record before us, we cannot conclude that there was a reasonable probability
that the outcome of the hearing would have been different had counsel presented Hall’s
medical records and called Hall to testify.
{¶ 27} Hall’s third assignment of error is overruled.
IV.
{¶ 28} The trial court’s judgment will be affirmed.
..........
12
GRADY, P.J. and HARSHA, J., concur.
(Hon. William H. Harsha, Fourth District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment of the
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio).
Copies mailed to:
Betsy A. Deeds
Shawn P. Hooks
Hon. Beth W. Root