J-A18007-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
H.E., : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
D.B., :
:
Appellant : No. 276 MDA 2014
Appeal from the Order entered on January 10, 2014
in the Court of Common Pleas of Centre County,
Civil Division, No. 2004-2845
BEFORE: LAZARUS, WECHT and MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED AUGUST 01, 2014
affirm.
Mother and Father, who never married, separated when Child was
approximately nine months old. The parties have contested custody of Child
since they separated. In August 2011, the trial court entered the current
custody Order that stated that the parties share legal custody of Child, and
Mother has primary physical custody subject to periods of partial physical
custody for Father.
On May 15, 2013, Father filed a Petition for Modification of Custody
and a Motion for Appointment of a Guardian Ad Litem. The trial court held
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hearings on August 14, August 19, and October 4, 2013. On August 19,
2013, Father m
to Disqualify. On October 4, 2013, after the parties agreed that counsel
would not be present, the trial court judge alone questioned Child in her
chambers. Subsequently, on January 10, 2014, the trial court denied
1
Father filed a timely Notice of Appeal and a Pennsylvania Rule of
Appellate Procedure 1925(b) Concise Statement. The trial court issued an
Opinion.
On appeal, Father raises the following questions for our review:
I. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of fact and law
regarding its analysis of the factors contained in 23
Pa.C.S.A. [§] 5328?
A. Whether the trial cour
and not supported by competent evidence?
B. Whether the trial court erred in its application of 23
Pa.C.S.A. [§] 5328 to the facts?
II. Whether the trial court erred in failing to disqualify
fter a conflict of
being prohibited from interrogating [] Child consistent with
Pa.R.C.P. [] 1915.11 such that the record regarding []
testimony, upon which the [trial] court relied, was a
record developed by the [trial] court thereby depriving
Father of due process?
1
Guardian Ad Litem.
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Brief for Appellant at 6 (some capitalization omitted).
Our standard of review is as follows:
In reviewing a custody order, our scope is of the broadest type
and our standard is abuse of discretion. We must accept
findings of the trial court that are supported by competent
evidence of record, as our role does not include making
independent factual determinations. In addition, with regard to
issues of credibility and weight of the evidence, we must defer to
the presiding trial judge who viewed and assessed the witnesses
first-
deductions or inferences from its factual findings. Ultimately,
as shown by the evidence of record. We may reject the
conclusions of the trial court only if they involve an error of law
or are unreasonable in light of the sustainable findings of the
trial court.
C.R.F., III v. S.E.F., 45 A.3d 441, 443 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation omitted).
The primary concern in any custody case is the best interest of the
child. See Landis v. Landis, 869 A.2d 1003, 1011 (Pa. Super. 2005)
(citations omitted); see also Jackson v. Beck, 858 A.2d 1250, 1252 (Pa.
-by-case basis, requires
physical, intellectual, moral, and spiritual well-being. See Arnold v.
Arnold, 847 A.2d 674, 677 (Pa. Super. 2004).
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Relevant to this case are the best interest factors set forth in
Section 5328(a) of the Child Custody Act, 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 5321-5340, which
provides:
§ 5328. Factors to consider when awarding custody.
(a) Factors.--In ordering any form of custody, the court shall
determine the best interest of the child by considering all
relevant factors, giving weighted consideration to those factors
which affect the safety of the child, including the following:
(1) Which party is more likely to encourage and permit
frequent and continuing contact between the child
and another party.
(2) The present and past abuse committed by a party or
continued risk of harm to the child or an abused
party and which party can better provide adequate
physical safeguards and supervision of the child.
(3) The parental duties performed by each party on
behalf of the child.
(4)
education, family life and community life.
(5) The availability of extended family.
(6)
(7) The well-reasoned preference of the child, based on
(8) The attempts of a parent to turn the child against the
other parent, except in cases of domestic violence
where reasonable safety measures are necessary to
protect the child from harm.
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(9) Which party is more likely to maintain a loving,
stable, consistent and nurturing relationship with the
(10) Which party is more likely to attend to the daily
physical, emotional, developmental, educational and
special needs of the child.
(11) The proximity of the residences of the parties.
(12) Each
to make appropriate child-care arrangements.
(13) The level of conflict between the parties and the
willingness and ability of the parties to cooperate
with one another.
from abuse by another party is not evidence of
unwillingness or inability to cooperate with that
party.
(14) The history of drug or alcohol abuse of a party or
(15) The mental and physical condition of a party or
(16) Any other relevant factor.
[a]ll of the factors listed
in Section 5328(a) are required to be considered by the trial court when
entering a J.R.M. v. J.E.A., 33 A.3d 647, 652 (Pa. Super.
2011) (citation omitted, emphasis in original).
In his first claim, Father contends that the trial court failed to properly
analyze and apply the provisions of 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5328(a) in its denial of
his Petition for Modification of the custody Order. Brief for Appellant at 16-
36. Father sets forth various findings, which he considers to be inaccurate
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section 5328(a)(1) that Mother was more likely to encourage continuing
5328(a)(12) that the ability to make appropriate childcare arrangements for
Child weighed in favor of Mother; and the trial
section 5328(a)(13), i.e., that the level of conflict between the parties and
the willingness to cooperate with one another weighed in favor of Mother.
Id. at 16-17, 22-34.
Here, the trial court individually addressed each of the factors set forth
in Section 5328(a) and determined that a modification of the child custody
See Trial Court Opinion, 1/10/14, at
1-
and
credibility and weight of evidence, we must defer to the presiding trial
C.R.F. III, 45 A.3d at 443. Upon our review of the competent
evidence in the record, we conclude that the trial court properly analyzed all
the custody Order. See M.J.M. v. M.L.G., 63 A.3d 331, 337 (Pa. Super.
2013) (c
custody order and that this Court would not reweigh the findings
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and credibility determinations with regard to the section 5328(a) factors).2
In his second claim, Father contends that the trial court erred in failing
counsel after counsel revealed her relationship with
Child. Brief for Appellant at 39-43. Father argues that this conflict resulted
of Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1915.11(b). Brief for Appellant at
39-40, 43-44. Father further argues that he did not voluntarily waive the
presence of his counsel during the questioning as required under Civil Rule
1915.11(b), but instead did so under duress. Brief for Appellant at 44-45.
Father asserts that his due process rights were violated, as the trial court
2
We note that Father also raises numerous other claims regarding the trial
conclusion under section 5328(a)(5), relating to the availability of extended
section 5328(a)(8), relating to attempts to turn Child against the other
conclusion under section 5328(a)(14),
relating to history of drug and alcohol abuse, was a neutral factor as Mother
section 5328(a)(15), relating to the mental and physical condition of the
questionable decisi
claims that Father was a drug dealer in rendering its decision. Brief for
Appellant at 18-21, 35-38. However, Father failed to include these claims in
his Rule 1925(b) Concise Statement; thus, the claims are waived on appeal.
See Klos v. Klos, 934 A.2d 724, 731 (Pa. Super. 2007) (stating that claims
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement are waived).
Nevertheless, as noted above, the trial court addressed each of the factors
under section 5328(a), and its conclusions were supported by competent
evidence. Thus, we will not disturb its factual and credibility determinations.
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in camera
questioning. Id. at 39, 45-46.
Civil Rule 1915.11(b) provides as follows, in relevant part:
Rule 1915.11. Appointment of Attorney for Child.
Interrogation of Child. Attendance of Child at Hearing or
Conference
***
(b) The court may interrogate a child, whether or not
the subject of the action, in open court or in chambers. The
interrogation shall be conducted in the presence of the attorneys
and, if permitted by the court, the parties. The attorneys shall
have the right to interrogate the child under the supervision of
the court. The interrogation shall be part of the record.
Pa.R.C.P. 1915.11(b); see also Ottolini v. Barrett, 954 A.2d 610, 615 (Pa.
Super. 2008) (stating that a trial court must abide by the terms of Pa.R.C.P.
1915.11(b)).
mindful of the [R]ule 1915.11,
Interrogation of the Child, the parties agree that the attorneys
will not be present during the time that the [trial c]ourt will be
speaking with [Child].
]: That is by agreement of the parties. The
attorneys have chosen not to be in the presence of the [trial
c]ourt while the [trial c]ourt questions [Child] and both attorneys
are okay with that. The attorneys shall have the right to
interrogate the child is what the rule says. [Father] has
submitted proposed interrogatories, which the [trial c]ourt has
reviewed and we believe that those interrogatories in some
[Child]. So, counsel for [Father] agrees that he will not exercise
his right to interrogate [Child] but rather, given the proposed
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interrogatories, will ask those questions subject to the [trial
[Child] will be on the record and the transcript will be made.
N.T., 10/4/13, at 2-3.
Here, the parties agreed to forego their right to attend the
interrogation of Child under Civil Rule 1915.11. Co
there is no evidence in the record to establish that this waiver was provided
waiver with the understanding that counsel submitted written questions to
be asked of Child by the trial court in the in camera hearing. See Trial Court
Opinion, 2/18/14, at 2 (wherein the trial court stated that it substantially
covered the material in the written questions provided by Father when
questioning Child). Furthermore, Father has not demonstrated that he was
that she desired to spend more time with Father. See N.T., 10/4/13, at 8-
10, 17; see also Trial Court Opinion, 1/10/14, at 5 (wherein the trial court
stated that the well-reasoned preference of Child was to spend more time
with Father and that this factor under section 5328(a)(7) weighed in favor of
attend the interrogation, we conclude that the trial court properly denied the
claim is without merit.
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Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/1/2014
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