Borer v. Borer

[Cite as Borer v. Borer, 2009-Ohio-6522.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
SENECA COUNTY

KELLY S. BORER,

PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 13-09-24

v.

CHARLES J. BORER, OPINION

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

Appeal from Seneca County Common Pleas Court
Domestic Relations Division
Trial Court No. 03-DR-0419

Judgment Affirmed

Date of Decision: December 14, 2009

APPEARANCES:

Charles R. Hall, Jr. for Appellant

Richard A. Kahler and Jim Fruth for Appellee
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ROGERS, J.

{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Charles Borer, appeals from the judgment of

the Court of Common Pleas of Seneca County, Domestic Relations Division,

overruling his objections and adopting the magistrate’s decision requiring him to

pay $300 per month in spousal support, refusing to impute additional income to

Plaintiff-Appellee, Kelly Borer, and ordering him to pay eighty percent of the

children’s unpaid medical expenses after his initial $100 obligation, and sustaining

his objection to the magistrate’s order of child support, ordering a fifty-percent

deviation from the child support worksheet under R.C. 3119.022 and directing him

to pay $276 per month in child support. On appeal, Charles argues that the trial

court erred in upholding the magistrate’s decision to grant a fifty-percent deviation

in child support, and in ordering him to pay Kelly $300 per month in spousal

support. Based on the following, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

{¶2} In December 2003, Kelly filed a complaint for divorce from Charles.

The Borers are the parents of three children, Jacob Borer (D.O.B. 6/10/90), Riley

Borer (D.O.B. 7/18/93), and Olivia Borer (D.O.B. 10/15/95) (Jacob, Riley, and

Olivia collectively referred to as the “children”).

{¶3} In April 2005, pursuant to the agreement of the parties, the trial court

entered a consent agreement order stating that Kelly’s income is less than

minimum wage and that she has no health insurance that covers the children that is

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available to her at a reasonable price; that the parties agree to abide by a shared

parenting plan with the children to reside with each parent one week at a time; that

Charles agrees to provide health insurance benefits for the children; that Kelly is

entitled to one-half of the marital portion of Charles’ retirement benefits; that

Charles must pay sixty-five percent and Kelly must pay thirty-five percent of all

uncovered health expenses incurred on behalf of the children; and, that Charles

shall begin paying child support immediately, with a fifty-percent deviation from

the amount of child support calculated under the worksheet pursuant to R.C.

3119.022 due to the shared parenting plan and the fact that the children spend

equal time with both parents. The order further provided that “[n]o agreement has

been reached as to spousal support payments and income that should be attributed

to Kelly Borer for child support calculation purposes.” (Apr. 2009 Consent

Agreement Judgment Entry, p. 3).

{¶4} In July 2005, the magistrate entered an order of divorce, stating that

the parties shall abide by a shared parenting plan; that Kelly is entitled to one half

of the marital portion of Charles’ retirement benefits; that Charles was the primary

income provider for the family and that Kelly was primarily responsible for the

daily care of the children; that Kelly worked numerous part-time jobs during the

marriage while Charles maintained full-time employment; that, since the divorce,

Kelly obtained employment at a rate of $11 per hour and worked thirty to forty

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hours per week, but that she was terminated from the employment after about

three months due to a newly enacted company policy; that she was not fired for

stealing or failing to show up for work, and that she did not intend to be fired; that

Kelly has been unable to find comparable employment that permits her to provide

for her children’s needs at the same pay rate; that her income earned while

working for those three months is not indicative of her earnings during the

marriage; that her income from that position should not be the basis of

determining her income for child support purposes; that Kelly began operating a

cleaning business providing her $10,421 per year; that the court will impute

minimum wages to her of $10,712 per year, as no evidence has been provided that

she refused to work or that she is unable to earn minimum wage income; that

Charles’ spousal support obligations will be calculated based upon his yearly

income of $40,072; that the court has considered the factors contained in R.C.

3105.18 in determining spousal support; and, that Charles must pay Kelly $300

per month in spousal support for a period of eight years.

{¶5} Additionally, the magistrate stated that the imposition of a child

support obligation based on support calculated pursuant to the child support

worksheet would be unjust, inappropriate, and not in the best interests of the

children based on a review of the financial and other circumstances of the parties

and the criteria under R.C. 3113.215(B)(3), and ordered a fifty-percent deviation

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from the child support worksheet due to the parties spending equal time with the

children, with Charles to pay the sum of $407.07 per month.

{¶6} In August 2005, Charles filed objections to the magistrate’s decision,

arguing, in part, that the magistrate erred in ordering a fifty-percent deviation from

the child support worksheet; that the magistrate’s imputed income to Kelly was

contrary to the evidence; and, that the magistrate erred in her order of spousal

support.

{¶7} In July 2006, the trial court overruled Charles’ objections to the

magistrate’s decision, stating that a fifty-percent deviation from the child support

worksheet was appropriate, as he agreed to the deviation in the consent agreement;

that Kelly’s imputed income was accurate, as Charles presented no evidence that

she could earn a higher amount from her cleaning business or that she refused

work, and the evidence established that she was terminated from her prior

employment due to technical violations; and, that the award of spousal support

was correct, as the magistrate’s decision was based on the evidence presented of

the parties’ income and was in accordance with the law.

{¶8} In August 2006, this Court dismissed Charles’ appeal for lack of a

final appealable order, as the judgment entry failed to contain a decree of divorce

and a shared parenting decree.

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{¶9} In September 2006, the trial court filed a decree of divorce and a

shared parenting decree, and Charles subsequently appealed the trial court’s

judgment.

{¶10} In July 2007, in Borer v. Borer, 3d Dist. No. 13-06-38, 2007-Ohio-

3341, this Court affirmed in part, and reversed in part, the judgment of the trial

court, finding that, although the magistrate “found that the imposition of the child

support amount calculated pursuant to the child support schedule would be unjust,

inappropriate, and not in the best interest of the minor children as required by R.C.

3119.24,” the court did not consider the child support that Kelly should pay when

the children are with Charles in determining Charles’ child support obligation. Id.

at ¶9. Accordingly, we remanded to the trial court for a recalculation of the

amount of child support, or for the trial court to make findings as to why

recalculation is not appropriate. Furthermore, we did not consider Charles’

argument that the trial court erred in the amount of spousal support awarded Kelly,

as the trial court’s review of the child support calculation could affect the issue of

spousal support.

{¶11} In November 2007, the magistrate issued a decision modifying her

July 2005 decision, stating that the parties shall abide by the shared parenting plan;

that she considered the factors contained in R.C. 3105.18 to determine the

appropriateness of spousal support, including the income and retirement benefits

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of the parties, the duration of the marriage, and the standard of living established

during the marriage, and ordering that Charles pay Kelly $300 per month in

spousal support for eight years. Additionally, the magistrate stated that Kelly’s

current income for child support purposes is $10,112.13 based upon her new

cleaning business; that an additional $3,600 shall be included in her income for

child support purposes based upon her receipt of spousal support; that a fifty-

percent deviation from the child support guidelines is appropriate based upon the

agreement of the parties and that the children spend equal time with each party;

that Kelly has an annual obligation to pay Charles $3,309.33 based on shared

parenting; that Charles has an annual obligation to pay Kelly $9,122.56; that

deviating fifty percent from the annual obligation of each party, and then

offsetting the child support of one party from the other, Charles has an annual

child support obligation of $2,906.61; that Charles must pay $247.06 per month in

child support, including processing fees; that the court has undertaken a review of

the financial and other circumstances of the parties and the criteria under R.C.

3113.215(B)(3)1 in determining the imposition of a child support obligation; and,

that the calculations in the child support worksheet would be unjust, inappropriate,

1
Although the magistrate stated that she considered R.C. 3113.215(B)(3) in determining Charles’ child
support obligation, this statute was repealed in 2001. However, despite this mistake, the magistrate made
the proper findings for a deviation from the child support worksheet pursuant to R.C. 3119.24

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and not in the best interest of the minor children, and, therefore, a deviation from

the child support guidelines is necessary and appropriate.

{¶12} Subsequently, Kelly filed an objection to the magistrate’s decision,

arguing that a reduction in the amount of child support from $407.07 per month, as

stated in the magistrate’s July 2005 decision, to $247.06 per month was not

appropriate and not in the best interest of the children.

{¶13} Additionally, Charles filed objections to the magistrate’s decision,

arguing, in part, that the magistrate’s deviation from the child support worksheet

was inappropriate, and that the magistrate’s award of spousal support and her

finding on Kelly’s income and the income from Kelly’s business was contrary to

the evidence. Specifically, Charles argued that the evidence presented

demonstrated that the earning potential of the parties was equal; that Kelly refused

work; and, that Kelly was under-employed, thereby requiring the magistrate to

impute to her a higher wage amount. Furthermore, Charles also argued that the

order of spousal support was inappropriate because the magistrate did not properly

account for Kelly’s entitlement to a portion of his retirement benefits.

{¶14} In March 2008, the trial court filed an order referring the case back

to the magistrate for a clarification of paragraphs thirty three and thirty four of her

November 2007 decision, pertaining to child support and the children’s medical

expenses.

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{¶15} In April 2008, the magistrate issued a decision correcting paragraphs

thirty three and thirty four of the November 2007 decision, stating, in part, that the

parties agreed that a fifty-percent deviation from the child support worksheet

would be appropriate, as the children spend equal time with both parties; that

Kelly has an annual obligation to pay Charles $2,545.21 based on shared

parenting; that Charles has an annual obligation to pay Kelly $9,657.40; that

Charles’ cost to provide health insurance for the minor children is allocated

between the parties according to their percentage of income, with Kelly paying

twenty percent and Charles paying eighty percent, resulting in $79.33 being added

to Kelly’s child support obligation for her share of health insurance, and the same

amount being deducted from Charles’ child support obligation; that Charles shall

have an annual child support obligation of $4,789.04, based on a fifty-percent

deviation from the annual obligation of each party; that this annual child support

obligation results in a monthly payment of $407.07, including processing fees;

and, that the court has undertaken a review of the financial and other

circumstances of the parties and criteria under R.C. 3113.215(B)(3) and has

determined that the child support obligation based on the support calculated

pursuant to the child support worksheet would be unjust, inappropriate, and not in

the children’s best interest, and, therefore, that a deviation from the child support

worksheet is necessary and appropriate in this case.

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{¶16} In July 2009, the trial court overruled Charles’ objections to the

magistrate’s order of spousal support and the income imputed to Kelly for child

support purposes, but sustained the objection to the magistrate’s order of child

support, stating the following in its decision:

The Court has undertaken an independent review of the
financial circumstances of the parties and the criteria set forth in
R.C. § 3119.24, 3119.022, and 3109.04. The Court finds, that
since each parent spends approximately 50% of the time with
the minor children, the amount of $814.13 per month as shown
on Exhibit A (Child Support Computation Worksheet) is unjust
and inappropriate, and not in the best interest of the minor
children. In making the deviation herein, this Court has
considered the child support Mother should pay when the
children are with Charles. That amount has been factored into
the deviation in this case as shown on Exhibit B (Child Support
calculations for deviation due to residential time allocation
Worksheet). The Court further has considered the spousal
support paid by Father to Mother. R.C. § 3119.24(B)(4). Since
both parties agree to a 50% deviation and since such deviation is
based on the amount of time the children spend with each
parent, the Court is allowing a 50% deviation from the child
support guidelines in R.C. § 3119.022. The Court is setting off
Mother’s child support obligation amount from Father’s child
support obligation amount to arrive at the annual net obligation
of $3,321.45. Father shall pay Mother, as and for current
support, commencing on April 22, 2005, the sum of $276.70 per
month for the support of the three minor children plus
processing fees.

(July 2, 2009 Judgment Entry, pp. 2-3).

{¶17} On the same date, the trial court filed a judgment entry adopting the

magistrate’s decision as to shared parenting, Charles’ spousal support obligation,

the income imputed to Kelly for child support purposes, and the parties’

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responsibilities for the children’s health care expenses, and modifying the

magistrate’s decision relating to child support, as stated in its first decision.

{¶18} It is from this judgment that Charles appeals, presenting the

following assignments of error for our review.

Assignment of Error No. I

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN UPHOLDING THE
MAGISTRATE’S DECISION AS TO GRANTING ONLY A
FIFTY PERCENT DEVIATION IN CHILD SUPPORT.

Assignment of Error No. II

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN UPHOLDING THE
MAGISTRATE’S DECISION IN ORDERING SPOUSAL
SUPPORT.

Assignment of Error No. I

{¶19} In his first assignment of error, Charles argues that the trial court

erred in upholding the magistrate’s decision to grant a fifty-percent deviation from

the child support computation worksheet. Specifically, he contends that, although

the trial court considered the amount of child support that Kelly must pay when

the children are with him, as mandated by this Court, a fifty-percent deviation is

still inappropriate because the children are residing with both him and Kelly for an

equal amount of time. We disagree.

{¶20} An appellate court reviews the trial court’s grant of child support

under an abuse of discretion standard. Fox v. Fox, 3d Dist. No. 5-03-42, 2004-

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Ohio-3344, ¶11, citing Pauly v. Pauly (1997), 80 Ohio St.3d 386, 390. An abuse

of discretion “connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the

court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.” Blakemore v.

Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219. When applying the abuse of discretion

standard, a reviewing court may not simply substitute its judgment for that of the

trial court. Id.

{¶21} When issuing an order of child support, the trial court must calculate

the amount of support “in accordance with the basic child support schedule, the

applicable worksheet, and the other provisions of sections 3119.02 to 3119.24 of

the Revised Code.” R.C. 3119.02; see, also, O’Conner v. O’Conner, 3d Dist. No.

12-09-04, 2009-Ohio-5436, ¶9. Additionally, R.C. 3119.03 creates a rebuttable

presumption that the amount of child support calculated through the child support

schedule and the applicable worksheet is the correct amount of support due. Fox,

2004-Ohio-3344, at ¶12.

{¶22} R.C. 3119.24 governs an award of child support when there is a

shared parenting order. It provides as follows:

(A)(1) A court that issues a shared parenting order in
accordance with section 3109.04 of the Revised Code shall order
an amount of child support to be paid under the child support
order that is calculated in accordance with the schedule and with
the worksheet set forth in section 3119.022 of the Revised Code,
through the line establishing the actual annual obligation, except
that, if that amount would be unjust or inappropriate to the
children or either parent and would not be in the best interest of

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the child because of the extraordinary circumstances of the
parents or because of any other factors or criteria set forth in
section 3119.23 of the Revised Code, the court may deviate from
that amount.

(2) The court shall consider extraordinary circumstances and
other factors or criteria if it deviates from the amount described
in division (A)(1) of this section and shall enter in the journal the
amount described in division (A)(1) of this section its
determination that the amount would be unjust or inappropriate
and would not be in the best interest of the child, and findings of
fact supporting its determination.

(B) For the purposes of this section, “extraordinary
circumstances of the parents” includes all of the following:

(1) The amount of time the children spend with each parent;

(2) The ability of each parent to maintain adequate housing for
the children;

(3) Each parent's expenses, including child care expenses,
school tuition, medical expenses, dental expenses, and any other
expenses the court considers relevant;

(4) Any other circumstances the court considers relevant.

{¶23} Furthermore, R.C. 3119.23 sets forth sixteen factors for the trial

court to consider in determining whether to grant a deviation pursuant to R.C.

3119.24, including the following:

(C) Other court-ordered payments;

(D) Extended parenting time or extraordinary costs associated
with parenting time * * *;

***

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(G) Disparity in income between parties or households;

***

(K) The relative financial resources, other assets and resources,
and needs of each parent;

***

(P) Any other relevant factor.

R.C. 3119.23(C), (D), (G), (K), (P). However, the trial court’s consideration of

the factors set forth in R.C. 3119.23 in deviating from the child support worksheet

is not mandatory, but merely discretionary. Ramey v. Ramey, 5th Dist. No. 08-

CA-38, 2009-Ohio-2909, ¶38.

{¶24} As stated in R.C. 3119.24(A)(2), the trial court must set forth the

extraordinary circumstances or other criteria in the judgment entry when deviating

from the child support order calculated under the schedule and worksheet pursuant

to R.C. 3119.022. Ayers v. Haas, 3d Dist. No. 15-07-13, 2008-Ohio-2405, ¶21.

However, it is not mandatory that the trial court deviate from the schedule and

worksheet, Id., citing Womack v. Womack, 3d Dist. No. 5-2000-24, 2001-Ohio-

2146, and “a parent ‘is not automatically entitled to a downward deviation merely

because a factor is present.’” Hills v. Patton, 3d Dist. No. 1-07-71, 2008-Ohio-

1343, ¶33, quoting Lopez v. Coleson, 3d Dist. No. 12-05-24, 2006-Ohio-5389, ¶9.

Furthermore, a shared parenting plan does not automatically entitle a party to a

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set-off or credit for time spent with the children under the plan. Ayers, 2008-Ohio-

2405, at ¶21, citing Pauly, 80 Ohio St.3d at 388-90.

{¶25} In the case sub judice, the trial court modified the magistrate’s order

of a fifty-percent deviation from the child support calculated under the worksheet

pursuant to R.C. 3119.022, and Charles claims that the trial court erred in ordering

this fifty-percent deviation. However, he sets forth no argument as to why the

court erred other than a statement that the children are residing with the parties for

an equal amount of time.

{¶26} In examining the trial court’s judgment entry, we find there to be no

error in the deviation order, as the trial court made the required findings pursuant

to R.C. 3119.24 in order to deviate from the amount of child support calculated

under the worksheet. In ordering the deviation, the trial court stated that the

children spend an equal amount of time with each parent; that it had reviewed the

financial circumstances of the parties and the criteria set forth in R.C. 3119.24;

that the amount of child support computed under the worksheet was unjust,

inappropriate, and not in the best interest of the children; and, that it had

considered the child support that Kelly must pay when the children are with

Charles, and the spousal support paid by Charles to Kelly. Although the trial court

did not specifically set forth the factors contained in R.C. 3119.23, no such

consideration is required in ordering the deviation.

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{¶27} Moreover, we find that the trial court properly complied with this

Court’s previous order to consider the amount of child support that Kelly must pay

when the children are with Charles, and that the parties had previously agreed to a

fifty-percent deviation under the April 2005 consent agreement judgment entry.

As such, Charles cannot now complain of the trial court’s fifty-percent deviation

order when he previously agreed to such order.

{¶28} Accordingly, because the trial court made the required findings

under R.C. 3119.24 that the amount of child support calculated in accordance with

the schedule and worksheet was unjust, inappropriate and not in the best interest of

the children; because the trial court considered the amount of support that Kelly

must pay when the children are with Charles; because the children reside with the

parties for an equal amount of time; and, because the parties agreed to a fifty-

percent deviation, we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

ordering a fifty-percent deviation from the child support worksheet calculation.

{¶29} Accordingly, Charles’ first assignment of error is overruled.

Assignment of Error No. II

{¶30} In his second assignment of error, Charles argues that the trial court

erred in adopting the magistrate’s decision as to spousal support. Specifically, he

contends that the magistrate did not properly analyze the evidence presented

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relating to spousal support, and that she did not account for Kelly’s entitlement to

a share of his retirement benefits in ordering support. We disagree.

{¶31} We review a trial court’s determination on spousal support under an

abuse of discretion standard, as set forth in our disposition of Charles’ first

assignment of error. Siekfer v. Siekfer, 3d Dist. No. 12-06-04, 2006-Ohio-5154,

¶15, citing Heitzman v. Heitzman, 3rd Dist. No. 3-05-11, 2005-Ohio-4622, ¶3.

{¶32} R.C. 3105.18 governs the trial court’s award of spousal support and

requires the court to consider fourteen factors set forth in R.C. 3105.18(C)(1)

when determining whether spousal support is appropriate and reasonable, and

when determining the nature, amount, terms of payment, and duration of the

support. Schalk v. Schalk, 3d Dist. No. 13-07-13, 2008-Ohio-829, ¶28, citing Lee

v. Lee, 3d Dist. No. 17-01-05, 2001-Ohio-2245. The factors are as follows:

a) The income of the parties, from all sources, including, but
not limited to, income derived from property divided, disbursed,
or distributed under section 3105.171 of the Revised Code;

(b) The relative earning abilities of the parties;

(c) The ages and the physical, mental, and emotional conditions
of the parties;

(d) The retirement benefits of the parties;

(e) The duration of the marriage;

(f) The extent to which it would be inappropriate for a party,
because that party will be custodian of a minor child of the
marriage, to seek employment outside the home;

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(g) The standard of living of the parties established during the
marriage;

(h) The relative extent of education of the parties;

(i) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties, including
but not limited to any court-ordered payments by the parties;

(j) The contribution of each party to the education, training, or
earning ability of the other party, including, but not limited to,
any party's contribution to the acquisition of a professional
degree of the other party;

(k) The time and expense necessary for the spouse who is
seeking spousal support to acquire education, training, or job
experience so that the spouse will be qualified to obtain
appropriate employment, provided the education, training, or
job experience, and employment is, in fact, sought;

(l) The tax consequences, for each party, of an award of
spousal support;

(m) The lost income production capacity of either party that
resulted from that party's marital responsibilities;

(n) Any other factor that the court expressly finds to be
relevant and equitable.

R.C. 3105.18(C)(1)(a)-(n).

{¶33} Although the trial court must consider all of these factors, it is not

required to specifically enumerate all of the factors. Hendricks v. Hendricks, 3d

Dist. No. 15-08-08, 2008-Ohio-6754, ¶31, citing Schalk, 2008-Ohio-829, at ¶28.

However, the trial court must “make specific findings in order ‘to enable a

reviewing court to determine the reasonableness of its order to grant or deny a

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request for spousal support and that the relevant factors within R.C. 3105.18 were

considered.’” Malloy v. Malloy, 3d Dist. No. 8-08-15, 2009-Ohio-1918, ¶11,

citing Hendricks, 2008-Ohio-6754, at ¶31.

{¶34} Furthermore, retirement benefits acquired during the course of a

marriage are a marital asset and must be equitably divided between the parties in a

final judgment of divorce. Hoyt v. Hoyt (1990), 53 Ohio St.3d 177, 178; Dindal v.

Dindal, 3d Dist. No. 5-09-06, 2009-Ohio-3525, ¶6. “Although an equal division is

a starting point when allocating marital property and debt, a decision need not be

equal to be equitable.” Shaffer v. Shaffer, 3d Dist. No. 11-04-22, 2005-Ohio-3884,

¶25.

{¶35} Here, the trial court overruled Charles’ motion objecting to the

magistrate’s award of spousal support and adopted the magistrate’s

recommendation. In the magistrate’s decision awarding spousal support to Kelly

in the amount of $300 per month, she stated that she had considered the factors

contained in R.C. 3105.18 to determine whether spousal support was appropriate,

and that she specifically considered the income of the parties, including Kelly’s

income of $10,421 and Charles’ income of $40,072.91, the retirement benefits of

the parties, with Kelly having no entitlement to retirement benefits and Charles

having retirement benefits through his employer, the twenty-year duration of the

marriage, and the standard of living established during the marriage.

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{¶36} Furthermore, the magistrate also stated in the decision that Charles

was the primary income provider for the family and Kelly was primarily

responsible for taking care of the children during the duration of the marriage; that

Kelly was entitled to one-half of the marital portion of Charles’ retirement benefits

for the period of November 19, 1983 through December 12, 2003; that, in

determining the facts of the case, she considered all the evidence of the parties;

that, in making specific findings of fact, she has set forth the factors relevant to the

determination of the issues as well as specific factors required to be considered by

statute; and, that the lack of a specific finding is not an indication that the fact was

not considered.

{¶37} In examining the magistrate’s findings as adopted by the trial court,

it is clear that there was no abuse of discretion in ordering spousal support in the

amount of $300 per month. The magistrate clearly considered the factors

contained in R.C. 3105.18, including presenting specific findings on several of

those factors. Although not every factor was set forth in the magistrate’s findings,

she was not required to enumerate findings on every factor. Additionally, the

magistrate’s decision reflected her consideration of Kelly’s entitlement to a

portion of Charles’ retirement benefits.

{¶38} Given the vast difference in the parties’ income and retirement

benefits, the fact that Charles was the primary provider for the family, and that the

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parties were married for twenty years, we find no error in the trial court’s adoption

of the magistrate’s award of spousal support.

{¶39} Accordingly, Charles’ second assignment of error is overruled.

{¶40} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant herein, in the

particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Judgment Affirmed

PRESTON, P.J. and SHAW, J., concur.

/jlr

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