[Cite as Sheeter v. Sheeter, 2013-Ohio-1524.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JACKSON COUNTY
ANNA L. SHEETER, :
:
Plaintiff-Appellant, : Case No. 12CA7
:
vs. :
: DECISION AND JUDGMENT
MICHAEL D. SHEETER, : ENTRY
:
Defendant-Appellee. : Released: 04/09/13
_____________________________________________________________
APPEARANCES:
Lorene G. Johnston, Jackson, Ohio, for Appellant.
William S. Cole, Jackson, Ohio, for Appellee.
_____________________________________________________________
McFarland, P.J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal by Anna L. Sheeter, Appellant, from the
judgment of the Jackson County Court of Common Pleas adopting the
Magistrate’s decision to terminate the parties’ shared parenting plan and
decree, and designating Appellee, Michael D. Sheeter, as the custodial
parent of the parties’ minor children. On appeal, Appellant contends that 1)
the trial court erred as a matter of law when it affirmed the Magistrate’s
decision; 2) the trial court erred as a matter of law and abused its discretion
in that the evidence was insufficient to support its conclusion that it was in
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 2
the best interest of the children to terminate the shared parenting decree; 3)
the trial court erred as a matter of law and abused its discretion in naming
Appellee sole residential parent when it was not in the best interest of the
children; and 4) the trial court erred as a matter of law and abused its
discretion in that its visitation order was not in the best interest of the
children.
{¶ 2} Because we conclude that the trial court did not err or abuse its
discretion in terminating the shared parenting decree, naming Appellee as
the custodial parent of parties’ minor children, and awarding Appellant
standard companionship time according to the court’s local rule, we find no
merit to Appellant’s second, third and fourth assignments of error and they
are, therefore, overruled. Additionally, in light of our conclusion that
Appellant has failed to affirmatively demonstrate that the trial court failed to
exercise independent judgment in adopting the magistrate’s decision, we
find no merit to Appellant’s first assignment of error and it is also overruled.
{¶ 3} Accordingly, having found no merit in the assignments of error
raised by Appellant, the decision of the trial court is affirmed.
FACTS
{¶ 4} Appellant and Appellee were married on October 9, 2004, and
are the parents of two minor children: a son born on April 11, 2005, and a
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 3
daughter born on August 4, 2006. Appellant filed a complaint for divorce on
October 22, 2007, after Appellee left the marital residence and removed the
two minor children. A subsequently filed magistrate’s decision dated May
7, 2008, referenced that Appellee had obtained temporary custody of the
children just days prior to the filing of Appellant’s divorce complaint, and
ordered that Appellee continue as the temporary custodian of the children.
After a series of contempt motions, motions for emergency orders and
referral to court mediation, the parties were able to agree upon a shared
parenting plan, which the court adopted as part of its issuance of a shared
parenting decree and decree of divorce filed on April 22, 2009.
{¶ 5} The shared parenting plan and decree collectively provided that
the parties share time with the children equally. More specifically, the plan
provided that the parties were to share physical custody of the children on a
rotating two week schedule. Neither party was expressly designated as the
residential parent. Then, on June 2, 2010, Appellee filed a motion to
terminate and/or modify the existing plan of shared parenting and requested
that he be designated the residential parent of the parties’ minor children.
This filing was followed by a motion in contempt, claiming that Appellant
was in contempt of the April 22, 2009, orders.
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 4
{¶ 6} Appellant filed a memorandum contra Appellee’s motion for
termination on June 6, 2010, seeking that Appellee’s motion be dismissed
and denying she was in contempt. Appellant followed with the filing of an
Answer in Contempt on August 11, 2010, denying she had failed to allow
Appellee his visitation, as alleged in the contempt motion. The matter was
subsequently referred to mediation, which was unsuccessful. The matter
proceeded to be heard by the magistrate on October 5, 2010, and May 31,
2011. Post-trial briefs were submitted by the parties afterwards. Appellee’s
brief continued to seek termination of the plan of shared parenting, and
requested Appellee be designated the residential parent. Appellant requested
that shared parenting continue, but also the designation of residential parent
should shared parenting be terminated.
{¶ 7} On June 29, 2011, the magistrate issued pre-trial orders asking
the parties to address the best interest factors in the form of post-trial briefs.
Thus, the parties each submitted supplemental post-trial briefs specifically
addressing the R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(a-j) best interest factors. Each party
argued they were the more favored parent under a best interest analysis. A
magistrate’s decision with findings of facts and conclusions of law was
issued on September 20, 2011, which terminated the shared parenting plan,
designated Appellee as the residential parent, and awarded Appellant
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 5
standard companionship with the court’s local rules. The magistrate cited
his consideration of the R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) factors in rendering his decision.
{¶ 8} Appellant filed objections to the magistrate’s decision on
October 4, 2011, and filed supplemental objections on January 17, 2012.
The trial court issued an order on April 5, 2012, remanding the matter to the
magistrate for determination as to whether he considered the R.C.
3109.04(F)(1) factors in reaching his decision. Thus, the magistrate issued
another decision with findings of facts and conclusions of law on April 17,
2012, which was followed by a nunc pro tunc magistrate’s decision with
findings of fact and conclusions of law on April 23, 2012. Appellant again
objected to the magistrate’s decision. The trial court adopted the decision of
the magistrate, over the Appellant’s objections, on May 24, 2012. In issuing
its order, the trial court noted that it had independently reviewed the record
in adopting the magistrate’s decision. It is from the trial court’s order
adopting the decision of the magistrate that Appellant now brings her appeal,
assigning the following errors for our review.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
“I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN IT
AFFIRMED THE MAGISTRATE’S DECISION.
II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW AND
ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN THAT THE EVIDENCE WAS
INSUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT ITS CONCLUSION THAT IT WAS
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 6
IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILDREN TO TERMINATE
THE SHARED PARENTING DECREE.
III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW AND
ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN THAT NAMING [SIC]
DEFENDANT-APPELLEE- FATHER SOLE RESIDENTIAL
PARENT WHEN IT WAS NOT IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE
CHILDREN.
IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW AND
ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN THAT ITS VISITATION ORDER
WAS NOT IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILDREN.”
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
{¶ 9} For ease of analysis, we address Appellant’s assignments of
error out of order. In her second assignment of error, Appellant contends
that the trial court erred and abused its discretion in terminating the shared
parenting decree, arguing that the evidence was insufficient to support the
conclusion that such a decision was in the best interest of the children.
Thus, we begin our analysis by considering the appropriate standard of
review.
{¶ 10} “ ‘An appellate court reviews a trial court’s decision to
terminate a shared parenting plan under an abuse of discretion standard.’ ”
Nolan v. Nolan, 4th Dist. No. 11CA3444, 2012-Ohio-3736, ¶ 31; quoting In
re J.L.R., 4th Dist. No. 08CA17, 2009-Ohio-5812, ¶ 30. An abuse of
discretion connotes more than a mere error of judgment; it implies that the
court’s attitude is arbitrary, unreasonable, or unconscionable. Blakemore v.
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 7
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983). Further, R.C.
3109.04(E)(2)(c), which governs the termination of shared parenting
decrees, provides as follows:
“The court may terminate a prior final shared parenting decree
that includes a shared parenting plan approved under division
(D)(1)(a)(i) of this section upon the request of one or both
parents or whenever it determines that shared parenting is not
in the best interest of the children.” (Emphasis added).
{¶ 11} Here, a review of the record reveals that Appellee filed a
motion requesting that the trial court terminate the parties’ shared parenting
decree. The magistrate, in issuing several pre-trial orders, and also in the
issuance of its decision, indicated that the best interest of the children would
govern in the determination of whether to grant this request. Further, in his
decision, the magistrate indicated he had considered the best interests of the
children in terminating the shared parenting decree.
{¶ 12} In adopting the magistrate’s decision, over the objections of
Appellant, the trial court stated that “[t]he Court, upon its own review,
determined the instant shared parenting plan was approved under Ohio
Revised Code Section 3109.04(D)(1)(a)(i).” As such, the trial court
determined that “[i]n this case, the shared parenting plan may be terminated
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 8
upon the request either party without a determination of the best interest of
the children.” The trial court further noted that the magistrate nevertheless
considered the best interests of the children in terminating shared parenting.
{¶ 13} Based upon the plain language of the statute, we are in
agreement with the reasoning of the trial court with respect to the
termination of the shared parenting agreement. The language of the statute
clearly permits shared parenting to be terminated upon the request of one or
both parents when the shared parenting decree was approved under R.C.
3109.04(D)(1)(a)(i). The determination by the trial court that the shared
parenting plan at issue herein, which was incorporated into a shared
parenting decree, was approved pursuant to R.C. 3109.04(D)(1)(a)(i) was
not contested either below or on appeal.
{¶ 14} As such, we find no abuse of discretion on the part of the trial
court in adopting the magistrate’s decision to terminate the shared parenting
decree. Accordingly, Appellant’s second assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
{¶ 15} In her third assignment of error, Appellant contends that the
trial court erred and abused its discretion in naming Appellee as the sole
residential parent, claiming such decision was not in the best interest of the
children. “Although a trial court must follow the dictates of R.C. 3109.04 in
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 9
deciding child-custody matters, it enjoys broad discretion when determining
the appropriate allocation of parental rights and responsibilities.” H.R. v.
L.R., 181 Ohio App.3d 837, 2009-Ohio-1665, 911 N.E.2d 321, ¶ 13, citing
Miller v. Miller, 37 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 523 N.E.2d 846 (1988); Parker v.
Parker, 10th Dist. No. 05AP-1171, 2006-Ohio-4110, at ¶ 23. “An appellate
court must afford a trial court's child custody determinations the utmost
respect, ‘given the nature of the proceeding[,] the impact the court's
determination will have on the lives of the parties concerned[, and the fact
that] [t]he knowledge a trial court gains through observing the witnesses and
the parties in a custody proceeding cannot be conveyed to a reviewing court
by a printed record.’ ” H.R. at ¶ 13, quoting Pater v. Pater (1992), 63 Ohio
St.3d 393, 396, 588 N.E.2d 794 (1992) (alterations sic) (other internal
quotation omitted).
{¶ 16} As set forth above, we review “a trial court's decision to
terminate a shared parenting plan under an abuse of discretion standard.” In
re J.L.R., supra, at ¶ 30. Further, as set forth above, we have already
determined that the trial court’s decision to terminate the shared parenting
plan and decree, upon the request of Appellee, was not an abuse of
discretion. Our present inquiry, however, focuses on whether, after
terminating the shared parenting decree, the trial court abused its discretion
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 10
in designating Appellee as the custodial parent of the parties’ minor
children.
{¶ 17} “Upon the termination of a prior final shared parenting decree
under [R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(c) ], the court shall proceed and issue a modified
decree for the allocation of parental rights and responsibilities for the care of
the children under the standards applicable under divisions (A), (B), and (C)
of [R.C. 3109 .04] as if no decree for shared parenting had been granted and
as if no request for shared parenting ever had been made.” R.C.
3109.04(E)(2)(d).
{¶ 18} “When making the allocation of the parental rights and
responsibilities for the care of the children under this section in an original
proceeding or in any proceeding for modification of a prior order of the
court making the allocation, the court shall take into account that which
would be in the best interest of the children.” R.C. 3109.04(B)(1). When
determining the best interest of the children for purposes of allocating
parental rights and responsibilities, a trial court must consider the factors
enumerated in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1). See In re J.L.R. at ¶ 33. These best
interest factors are as follows, as set forth in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(a-j):
“(a) The wishes of the child's parents regarding the child's care;
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 11
(b) If the court has interviewed the child in chambers pursuant
to division (B) of this section regarding the child's wishes and
concerns as to the allocation of parental rights and
responsibilities concerning the child, the wishes and concerns
of the child, as expressed to the court;
(c) The child's interaction and interrelationship with the child's
parents, siblings, and any other person who may significantly
affect the child's best interest;
(d) The child's adjustment to the child's home, school, and
community;
(e) The mental and physical health of all persons involved in
the situation;
(f) The parent more likely to honor and facilitate court-
approved parenting time rights or visitation and companionship
rights;
(g) Whether either parent has failed to make all child support
payments, including all arrearages, that are required of that
parent pursuant to a child support order under which that parent
is an obligor;
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 12
(h) Whether either parent or any member of the household of
either parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty
to any criminal offense involving any act that resulted in a child
being an abused child or a neglected child; whether either
parent, in a case in which a child has been adjudicated an
abused child or a neglected child, previously has been
determined to be the perpetrator of the abusive or neglectful act
that is the basis of an adjudication; whether either parent or any
member of the household of either parent previously has been
convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of section 2919.25
of the Revised Code or a sexually oriented offense involving a
victim who at the time of the commission of the offense was a
member of the family or household that is the subject of the
current proceeding; whether either parent or any member of the
household of either parent previously has been convicted of or
pleaded guilty to any offense involving a victim who at the time
of the commission of the offense was a member of the family or
household that is the subject of the current proceeding and
caused physical harm to the victim in the commission of the
offense; and whether there is reason to believe that either parent
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 13
has acted in a manner resulting in a child being an abused child
or a neglected child;
(i) Whether the residential parent or one of the parents subject
to a shared parenting decree has continuously and willfully
denied the other parent's right to parenting time in accordance
with an order of the court;
(j) Whether either parent has established a residence, or is
planning to establish a residence, outside this state.”
{¶ 19} Here, the magistrate’s decision indicated that the R.C.
3109.04(F)(1)(a-j) factors were considered, and that such consideration
indicated that Appellee should be named the residential parent. Some of the
facts considered, although in reference to the best interests of the children
for purposes of termination of the shared parenting decree pursuant to R.C.
3109.04(F)(2), were as follows: 1) the fact that the children were enrolled in
two different schools because the parties could not cooperate; 2) the fact that
Appellant’s portion of the children’s medical expenses remained unpaid, in
part due to her refusal to accept certified mail from Appellee; 3) the parties’
inability to cooperate concerning medical appointments and treatment for the
children; 4) a notation by the parties’ minor son’s child psychiatrist
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 14
referencing the parties’ antagonistic relationship toward one another; and 5)
the parties’ inability to communicate effectively, even by means of email.
{¶ 20} A review of the record reveals that both parties contributed to
the above problems. For instance, although Appellant removed one of the
children from the school in which Appellee had initially enrolled her, the
record indicates that Appellee enrolled the child in that school without
Appellant’s knowledge or permission. Both of these actions were contrary
to the best interests of the children. Further, the trial court cites the parties’
inability to communicate and agree upon medical appointments and
treatment for the children and the parties’ antagonistic relationship. A
review of the record indicates the both parties contributed to these problems.
For instance, while Appellant failed to cooperate with Appellee in filling out
a behavior chart for the parties’ son as recommended by the child’s
psychiatrist, the record also reveals that Appellee unilaterally cancelled a
scheduled appointment the child had with the psychiatrist. Thus, both
parties, at times, as a result of their inability to communicate and cooperate,
acted contrary to the best interests of the children.
{¶ 21} As set forth above, although the trial court was not required to
consider the best interests of the children in terminating the shared parenting
plan, it did. In light of the foregoing, it is apparent that shared parenting was
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 15
unworkable for these parties, and thus, the trial court was faced with the task
of designating a residential parent. Although the trial court did not expressly
discuss each factor on the record, the magistrate’s decision, which was
adopted by the trial court states that the R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) factors were
considered in reaching the decision to designate Appellee as the childrens’
residential parent. While some of the evidence in the record tends to support
Appellant, there is also evidence in the record that supports the trial court’s
decision to designate Appellee as the residential parent. And, in light of our
abuse of discretion standard of review, we must be mindful that “ ‘a
reviewing court may not merely substitute its judgment for that of the trial
court.’ ” Clyburn v. Gregg, 4th Dist. No. 11CA3211, 2011-Ohio-5239, ¶ 38;
quoting Melvin v. Martin, 4th Dist. No. 05CA44, 2006-Ohio-5473, ¶ 7; citing
In re Jane Doe I, 57 Ohio St.3d 135, 137-138, 566 N.E.2d 1181 (1991).
Thus, even if we were to reach a different conclusion based upon these facts,
we cannot conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in designating
Appellee as the residential parent of the parties’ minor children.
Accordingly, Appellant’s third assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV
{¶ 22} In her fourth assignment of error, Appellant contends that the
trial court erred and abused its discretion in issuing its visitation order,
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 16
which awarded Appellant “companionship rights pursuant to [the] Court’s
guidelines set forth in Local Rule 19.” Specifically, Appellant contends that
the trial court abused its discretion in granting her companionship time with
her children only every other weekend and one evening a week, when, for
the last two years, she and Appellee had shared the children equally. In
support of her argument, Appellant cites the young age of the children, the
fact that they had been used to being with their parents equally for the last
three years, and the fact that she has been fully involved in the children’s
lives. She further argues that cutting a parent out the children’s lives is
contrary to their best interests.
{¶ 23} As stated above, the trial court “enjoys broad discretion when
determining the appropriate allocation of parental rights and
responsibilities.” H.R. at ¶ 13 (citations omitted). This broad discretion also
applies to custody proceedings. In re J.C., 4th Dist. No. 09CA3334, 2010-
Ohio-4086, at ¶ 9. Further, as discussed above under our consideration of
Appellant’s second and third assignments of error, after considering the best
interest factors set forth in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(a-j), the trial court terminated
the shared parenting decree and designated Appellee as residential parent of
the children.
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 17
{¶ 24} Contrary to Appellant’s argument, this court has previously
noted that awarding a parent a trial court's standard companionship schedule
does not cut him or her out the children’s lives. Clyburn v. Gregg, supra, at
¶ 46. Further, and a set forth above, under the abuse-of-discretion standard,
“a reviewing court may not merely substitute its judgment for that of the trial
court.” Clyburn at ¶ 38; quoting Melvin at ¶ 7. Thus, even if this Court
would have reached a different decision with respect to Appellant’s
companionship award, we cannot conclude that the trial court's ording
adopting the magistrate’s decision on this issue constituted an abuse of
discretion. Accordingly, Appellant’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
{¶ 25} In her first assignment of error, Appellant contends that the
trial court erred as a matter of law when it affirmed the magistrate’s
decision. More specifically, Appellant argues that the trial court failed to
undertake an independent review in determining whether the magistrate
properly determined all factual issues and appropriately applied the law.
Thus, Appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion in adopting
the magistrate’s decision.
{¶ 26} Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(d) governs a trial court's ruling on objections
to a magistrate's decision. “In ruling on objections, the court shall undertake
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 18
an independent review as to the objected matters to ascertain that the
magistrate has properly determined the factual issues and appropriately
applied the law.” Id. The trial court's review of a magistrate's decision
“contemplates a de novo review of any issue of fact or law that a magistrate
has determined when an appropriate objection is timely filed. The trial court
may not properly defer to the magistrate in the exercise of the trial court's de
novo review. The magistrate is a subordinate officer of the trial court, not an
independent officer performing a separate function.” Knauer v. Keener, 143
Ohio App.3d 789, 793-94, 758 N.E.2d 1234 (2001).
{¶ 27} Because an appellate court generally presumes regularity in
the proceedings below, we presume that the trial court conducted an
independent analysis in reviewing the magistrate's decision. Mahlerwein v.
Mahlerwein, 160 Ohio App.3d 564, 2005-Ohio-1835, 828 N.E.2d 153, ¶ 47.
And because of that presumption, the party asserting error bears the burden
of affirmatively demonstrating that the trial court failed to perform an
independent analysis. Arnold v. Arnold, 4th Dist. No. 04CA36, 2005-Ohio-
5272, ¶ 31; Mahlerwein at ¶ 47. “An affirmative duty requires more than a
mere inference [;] it requires [an] appellant to provide the reviewing court
with facts to rebut our general presumption.” In re Taylor G., 6th Dist. No. L-
05-1197, 2006-Ohio-1992, ¶ 21. Simply because a trial court adopted a
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 19
magistrate's decision does not mean that the court failed to exercise
independent judgment. State ex rel. Scioto Cty. Child Support Enforcement
Agency v. Adams, 4th Dist. No. 98CA2617, 1999 WL 597257 (July 23,
1999).
{¶ 28} Here, the judgment entry that adopted the magistrate’s
decision stated:
“The court has made an independent review as to the objected
matters. This included a review of all filings by the parties, the
transcript of the proceeding filed by Plaintiff, and a review of
the applicable law. Upon the independent review, the Court
ascertains that the Magistrate has properly determined the
factual issues and appropriately applied the law.”
Thus, the record indicates that the trial court, after conducting an
independent review, adopted the magistrate’s decision and entered judgment
terminating the shared parenting decree, designating Appellee as the
residential parent, and awarding Appellant standard companionship time.
Additionally, as discussed under our analysis of Appellant’s second
assignment of error, the trial court noted a different legal standard applied
with regard to the issue of termination of the shared parenting decree. As set
forth above, the trial court stated that the decree could be terminated simply
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 20
at the request of one of the parties, and did not require a best interest
analysis, which, nevertheless, was performed by the magistrate.
{¶ 29} In light of the foregoing, we conclude that Appellant has not
affirmatively demonstrated that the trial court failed to exercise independent
judgment. Further, as already set forth in our consideration of Appellant’s
second, third, and fourth assignments of error, we have found no abuse of
discretion on the part of the trial court in terminating the parties’ shared
parenting decree, designating Appellee as the residential parent and
awarding Appellant standard companionship time. Accordingly, Appellant’s
first assignment of error is overruled.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Jackson App. No. 12CA7 21
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT BE AFFIRMED. Costs herein are
assessed to Appellant.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing
the Jackson County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into
execution.
Any stay previously granted by this Court is hereby terminated as of
the date of this entry.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Exceptions.
Harsha, J. & Abele, J.: Concur in Judgment and Opinion.
For the Court,
BY: _________________________
Matthew W. McFarland
Presiding Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final
judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from
the date of filing with the clerk.
Sheeter v. Sheeter
Combined Opinion