[Cite as State v. Brown, 2012-Ohio-2672.]
COURT OF APPEALS
RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P. J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
Hon. John W. Wise, J.
-vs-
Case No. 11 CA 42
JUHAN BROWN
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Court of Common
Pleas, Case No. 10 CR 603H
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: June 13, 2012
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
JAMES J. MAYER, JR. TODD R. PERKINS
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY THE PERKINS LAW GROUP
JILL M. COCHRAN 615 Griswold Street
ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR Suite 920
38 South Park Street Detroit, Michigan 48226
Mansfield, Ohio 44902
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant Juhan Brown appeals his convictions, in the Richland County
Court of Common Pleas, for drug trafficking and possession. Appellee is the State of
Ohio. The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.
{¶2} In early 2009, METRICH officers began receiving information that an
individual from Detroit, Michigan, using the street name “Moe,” was selling crack
cocaine from a house in Mansfield, Ohio. In February and April 2009, the METRICH
officers, utilizing a confidential informant, made controlled drug purchases from
appellant. The first buy took place inside a house at 21 East Arch Street; the second
took place at 55 East Arch Street.
{¶3} In October 2009 METRICH officers arranged a third controlled drug buy
from appellant, using a different confidential informant, this time again at 55 East Arch
Street. Soon thereafter, METRICH officials obtained a search warrant for the premises
at 55 East Arch Street. The warrant was executed on October 22, 2009 by METRICH
and SWAT officers. A rented automobile parked nearby was also searched. Three
baggies of a substance later tested as crack cocaine were discovered, with respective
weights of 5.68 grams, 3.49 grams, and 3.24 grams. A digital scale was also found. In
addition, U.S. currency totaling more than $900.00 was obtained from appellant’s pants
pockets.
{¶4} On November 11, 2009, appellant was indicted under case 09-CR-797H
by the Richland County Grand Jury on two counts of trafficking between one and ten
grams of crack cocaine in the vicinity of a school zone and one count of possession of
between ten and twenty-five grams of crack cocaine.
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 3
{¶5} On March 31, 2010, appellant filed a motion to suppress the evidence
obtained pursuant to the search warrant. The matter proceeded to a hearing before the
trial court on August 4, 2010. Appellant conceded via counsel that he had no protected
interest in the 55 East Arch residence, and the trial court denied the suppression
motion as to the house. Furthermore, items seized from the vehicle were found to have
no relevance to the case.
{¶6} On September 3, 2010, appellant was re-indicted under case 2010-CR-
603H as follows:
{¶7} Count I: Trafficking in crack cocaine (between one and ten grams) in the
vicinity of a school zone, R.C. 2925.03(A), a felony of the third degree.
{¶8} Count II: Trafficking in crack cocaine (between one and ten grams) in the
vicinity of a school zone, R.C. 2925.03(A), a felony of the third degree.
{¶9} Count III: Possession of crack cocaine (between ten and twenty-five
grams), R.C. 2925.11, a felony of the second degree, with a forfeiture specification for
$940.00 in currency.
{¶10} Count IV: Trafficking in crack cocaine (between one and ten grams) in the
vicinity of a school zone, R.C. 2925.03(A), a felony of the third degree.
{¶11} On March 4, 2011, the State, pursuant to Crim.R. 16(D)(1), participated in
an ex parte hearing before the trial court to certify non-disclosure of the identity of the
confidential informants in discovery.
{¶12} The case proceeded to a jury trial commencing on March 14, 2011. On
March 18, 2011, the jury found appellant guilty on all four counts of the indictment,
including the specifications of trafficking in the vicinity of a school zone and the
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 4
forfeiture specification. On March 31, 2011, the trial court sentenced appellant to two
years in prison on each of the three trafficking counts, and five years on the possession
count. The terms were ordered to be served consecutively, for a total sentence of
eleven years in prison.
{¶13} Appellant filed a notice of appeal on April 27, 2011. He herein raises the
following six Assignments of Error:
{¶14} “I. DEFENDANT WAS DEPRIVED OF EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF
COUNSEL WHERE COUNSEL (1) CONCEDED THAT DEFENDANT DID NOT HAVE
STANDING TO CHALLENGE THE SEARCH; (2) THEN FAILED TO RAISE THE
ISSUE OF STALENESS REGARDING THE ACTUAL WARRANT; (3) FAILED TO
OBJECT TO DAMAGING AND IRRELEVANT INFORMATION CONTAINED IN
DEFENDANT'S INDICTMENT; (4) FAILED TO OBJECT TO IMPERMISSABLE (SIC)
QUESTIONING BY THE PROSECUTION AND THE INTRODUCTION OF RULE 16(B)
MATERIAL; AND (5) FAILED TO ADVICE (SIC) DEFENDANT OF THE ACTUAL
RISKS OF TRIAL AND HIS NEED TO AVAIL HIMSELF OF THE PLEA OFFER.
RECORD EVIDENCE EXISTS TO SUPPORT SOME CLAIMES (SIC), REMAND IS
NECESSARY TO ESTABLISH OTHERS.
{¶15} “II. STRUCTURAL ERROR OCCURRED WHERE THE PROSECUTOR
HELD A GILLARD HEARING WITHOUT DEFENSE COUNSEL PARTICIPATING;
THIS ERROR METASTASIZED THROUGHOUT THE TRIAL WITH EVIDENCE OF
PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT REGARDING EVIDENCE AND WITNESSES TO
BE CALLED.
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 5
{¶16} “III. DEFENDANT WAS DENIED A FAIR TRIAL AND A RIGHT TO A
PROPERLY INSTRUCTED JURY WHERE THE TRIAL COURT FAILED, SUA
SPONTE, TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER MEMBERS OF THE JURY PANEL HAD
WITNESSED THE CONTACT BETWEEN DEFENDANT AND PRESTON FOSTER IN
THE HALLWAY AND THEN ACCORDINGLY THIS ERROR IN EFFECT IMBUED
JUROR NO. 7 WITH THE POWER TO INSTRUCT/EXPLAIN THIS ISSUE TO
JURORS OUT OF THE PRESENCE OF DEFENDANT.
{¶17} IV. DEFENDANT IS ENTITLED TO A NEW TRIAL OR MINIMALLY A
RESENTENCING WHERE THE TRIAL COURT HAD AN EX-PARTE
CONVERSATION WITH THE JUDGE WHO CONDUCTED THE RULE 16(B)
HEARlNG ABOUT THE ALLEGATIONS MADE THEREIN.
{¶18} “V. DEFENDANT MUST BE RESENTENCED BY A DIFFERENT JUDGE
WHERE THE TRIAL COURT IN SENTENCING DEFENDANT TO THE MAXIMUM
POSSIBLE SENTENCE; CALLED THE DEFENDANT A 'KING PIN' AND A 'THUG'
AND POTENTIALLY USED THE IMPACT OF HIS OWN FAMILY HISTORY OF
SUBSTANCE ABUSE; INDICATING CLEAR BIAS AND PREJUDICE AGAINST
DEFENDANT.
{¶19} “VI. DEFENDANT-APPELLANT MUST BE RESENTENCED BEFORE A
DIFFERENT JUDGE WHERE HE WAS SENTENCED TO CONSECUTIVE PRISON
TURNS TOTALLING 11 YEARS IN VIOLATION OF THE REVIVED PROVISION
CONTAINED IN HB 86 WHICH REQUIRES SPECIFIC FINDINGS OF FACT IN
SUPPORT OF ANY CONSECUTIVE SENTENCE.”
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 6
I.
{¶20} In his First Assignment of Error, appellant argues, on five separate bases,
that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel at his trial. We disagree.
{¶21} Our standard of review for ineffective assistance claims is set forth in
Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674. Ohio
adopted this standard in the case of State v. Bradley (1989), 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538
N.E.2d 373. These cases require a two-pronged analysis: First, we must determine
whether counsel's assistance was ineffective; whether counsel's performance fell
below an objective standard of reasonable representation and was violative of any of
his essential duties to the client. If we find ineffective assistance of counsel, we must
then determine whether or not the defense was actually prejudiced by counsel's
ineffectiveness such that the reliability of the outcome of the trial is suspect. This
requires a showing that there is a reasonable probability that but for counsel's
unprofessional error, the outcome of the trial would have been different. Id. Trial
counsel is entitled to a strong presumption that all decisions fall within the wide range
of reasonable professional assistance. State v. Sallie (1998), 81 Ohio St.3d 673, 675,
693 N.E.2d 267.
Search Warrant - Re: Standing
{¶22} Appellant first maintains his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
pursue the argument that appellant had standing to challenge the search warrant of the
residence at 55 East Arch Street.
{¶23} The failure to file a suppression motion does not constitute per se
ineffective assistance of counsel. State v. Mobley, Richland App.No. 2010-CA-0018,
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 7
2011-Ohio-309, ¶ 95, citing Kimmelman v. Morrison (1986), 477 U.S. 365, 384, 106
S.Ct. 2574, 91 L.Ed.2d 305. Failure to file a motion to suppress constitutes ineffective
assistance of counsel only if, based on the record, the motion would have been
granted. Id., citing State v. Butcher, Holmes App.No. 03 CA 4, 2004-Ohio-5572, ¶ 26.
{¶24} In the case sub judice, even though a suppression motion was filed,
appellant points out that defense counsel conceded that appellant had no interest in
the residence; counsel therefore focused her arguments on the search of the rented
automobile outside the residence. See Tr., August 4, 2010, at 6-8. Appellant presently
contends that one of the confidential informants testifying at trial stated that appellant
had moved some of his “stuff” into the premises. Tr. at 618. This Court has clearly
recognized that the Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches
and seizures cannot be vicariously asserted. State v. Miller, Licking App.No. 01 CA 79,
2002-Ohio-2465, 2002 WL 711459, quoting State v. Steele (1981), 2 Ohio App.3d 105,
107, 440 N.E.2d 1353. The State herein notes in its brief that the confidential informant
also testified that to the best of her knowledge, appellant was not from the area and
was only at the 55 East Arch Street residence during the day. Tr. at 635-640.
{¶25} Upon review, we find the record does not support a claim of ineffective
assistance of defense counsel regarding her handling of the search warrant issue in
this regard.
Search Warrant - Re: Staleness
{¶26} Appellant next maintains his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
pursue the argument that the results of the aforementioned search warrant should
have been suppressed as stale.
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 8
{¶27} We have recognized that in the context of drug crimes, information goes
stale very quickly “because drugs are usually sold and consumed in a prompt fashion.”
State v. Cook, Muskingum App.Nos. 2010–CA–40, 2010–CA–41, 2011-Ohio-1776, ¶
23, quoting United States v. Frechette (6th Cir. 2009), 583 F.3d 374, 378. However, we
have also recognized that police investigation of “ongoing criminal activity” may be
sufficient to overcome the issue of staleness. See State v. Proffit, Fairfield App.No.
07CA36, 2008-Ohio-2912, ¶ 19-¶ 22.
{¶28} Upon review, in light of the evidence presented that 55 East Arch and its
environs had been under a months-long drug investigation, we again find the record
does not support ineffective assistance of defense counsel regarding her handling of
the search warrant issue in regard to the “staleness” issue.
Challenge to Reading of Indictment and to Certain Police Testimony
{¶29} It is well-established that “[c]ompetent counsel may reasonably hesitate to
object [to errors] in the jury's presence because objections may be considered
bothersome by the jury and may tend to interrupt the flow of a trial.” State v. Rogers
(April 14, 1999), Summit App.No. 19176, 1999 WL 239100, citing State v. Campbell
(1994), 69 Ohio St.3d 38, 53, 630 N.E.2d 339 (internal quotations omitted). Moreover,
the United States Supreme Court and the Ohio Supreme Court have held a reviewing
court “need not determine whether counsel's performance was deficient before
examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant as a result of the alleged
deficiencies.” Bradley at 143, 538 N.E.2d 373, quoting Strickland at 697.
{¶30} Appellant specifically directs us to two points at trial wherein defense
counsel failed to object:
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 9
{¶31} The first occurred during the trial court’s reading of Count I of the
indictment, which appears in the transcript as follows:
{¶32} “Count 1: Juhan Brown AKA Moe, AKA Juhan Ato Brown, AKA Omar
Brown, AKA Omar Shariff Brown, AKA Juhan Hart, AKA Omar unknown Hart, AKA
Juhan Ato Brown, AKA Maurice Brown, AKA Derron Davis, AKA Omar Hart, AKA
Juhan Montgomery, date of birth 11/24/72 – and there are several other possible dates
of birth and social security numbers – on or about the 9th day of February 2009, at the
County of Richland, did knowingly sell or offer to sell crack cocaine ***.”
{¶33} Tr. at 67.
{¶34} The second occurred during the testimony of Officer Perry Wheeler of
METRICH, who was asked about the execution of the warrant:
{¶35} “A: A no-knock search warrant means when we go to the residence, we
don't have to knock and announce our presence. And there has to be specific
guidelines to get a no-knock search warrant. In this instance, the reason why we
received a no-knock search warrant was because of past history for Mr. Brown.
{¶36} “Q: Okay. So Judge Ault approved that?
{¶37} “ ***
{¶38} “Q. I take it *** that the Mansfield SWAT team is going to be involved in
the execution of this search.
{¶39} “A: They are going to execute the search warrant, yes. The reason is
because of Mr. Brown’s past history.
{¶40} “Q: Okay. What is the purpose of - who goes in first? You guys or SWAT?
{¶41} “A: Oh, no, the SWAT team goes in first.”
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 10
{¶42} Tr. at 296-297.
{¶43} The gist of appellant’s argument is that the lack of objection to the
reiteration of appellant’s use of aliases and the officer’s reference to his “past history”
allowed the jury to infer appellant had a criminal history. However, upon review, we find
appellant has failed to demonstrate a reasonable probability that but for counsel's
alleged error in these two instances, the outcome of the trial would have been different.
Advising Client Re: Trial versus Plea
{¶44} Finally, appellant maintains defense counsel failed to properly advise him
of the risks of going to trial versus accepting a plea offer. However, because
appellant’s argument speculates as to evidence dehors the record, we find it is not
properly raised in a direct appeal. See State v. Lawless, Muskingum App.No. CT2000-
0037, 2002-Ohio-3686, citing State v. Cooperrider (1983), 4 Ohio St.3d 226, 228, 448
N.E.2d 452.
Conclusion
{¶45} Accordingly, appellant's First Assignment of Error is overruled.
II., IV.
{¶46} In his Second and Fourth Assignments of Error, appellant argues that the
trial court committed reversible error under the Gillard rule pertaining to disclosure of
some of the State’s witnesses. We disagree.
{¶47} Crim.R. 16 addresses discovery and inspection of the State’s evidence by
a defendant. Crim.R. 16(D)(1) specifically states: “If the prosecuting attorney does not
disclose materials or portions of materials under this rule, the prosecuting attorney
shall certify to the court that the prosecuting attorney is not disclosing material or
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 11
portions of material otherwise subject to disclosure under this rule for one or more of
the following reasons: (1) The prosecuting attorney has reasonable, articulable
grounds to believe that disclosure will compromise the safety of a witness, victim, or
third party, or subject them to intimidation or coercion[.]”
{¶48} In the case of State v. Gillard (1988), 40 Ohio St.3d 226, 533 N.E.2d 272,
the Ohio Supreme Court analyzed the issue of certification hearings conducted under
Crim.R. 16(B)(1)(e), now addressed under Crim.R. 16(D)(1), supra.
{¶49} In the case sub judice, appellant first contends that the trial court erred in
conducting the Gillard hearing on March 4, 2011 without the presence of appellant or
defense counsel. However, “an ex parte hearing is the proper procedure for
determining whether the court should grant the State's motion to withhold the names
and addresses of certain witnesses.” State v. McCree, Cuyahoga App.No. 87591,
2007-Ohio-268, ¶ 24. This is to prevent the defense from learning the information
sought to be concealed or the identities of the endangered witnesses. McCree at ¶ 20,
citing State v. Daniels (1993), 92 Ohio App.3d 473, 480 (additional citations omitted).
An opportunity for a defendant to request review of the certification or withholding via
an in-camera hearing is provided in Crim.R. 16(F). Thus, even if appellant were correct
in arguing that the ex parte certification in the case sub judice was improperly granted,
the trial court in this instance gave defense counsel additional time (until March 14,
2011) to request the names of the confidential informants, and ultimately ordered the
State to disclose same to counsel, with the proviso that defense counsel not reveal the
information to appellant. Appellant’s first contention (Assignment of Error II) is thus
without merit.
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 12
{¶50} Appellant secondly argues (Assignment of Error IV) that reversible error
occurred based on comments made by the judge, who conducted the aforementioned
Gillard hearing of March 4, 2011 to the judge, who presided over the trial. We note that
in the Gillard decision the Ohio Supreme Court held that a trial judge who presides
over a Crim.R. 16(B)(1)(e) (now Crim.R. 16(D)(1)) motion hearing cannot preside over
a subsequent trial in the same case. See In re Disqualification of O'Farrell, 94 Ohio
St.3d 1225, 1226, 763 N.E.2d 596, 2001-Ohio-4099. However, the Supreme Court held
in Gillard that a violation of this rule is not per se prejudicial. “The error will be harmless
if the evidence of guilt is overwhelming in that the outcome of the trial would have been
the same had different judges presided at the certification and at the trial.” State v.
Smith, Summit App.No. C.A. 15717, 1993 WL 79542, citing Gillard at 229-230.
{¶51} In the case sub judice, the Gillard hearing was conducted by a different
common pleas judge. At a subsequent pre-trial hearing, the trial judge indicated that
he had spoken to the Gillard hearing judge about the certification issue, but the only
communication was that the latter judge had said there was “ample justification for
nondisclosure.” See Tr. at 53. Even if we would find this brief exchange between the
two common pleas judges constituted a technical violation of Gillard’s “different judge”
rule, based on our review of the entire trial, we would find the error was harmless and
did not subject appellant to a risk of judicial bias.
{¶52} Appellant's Second and Fourth Assignments of Error are overruled.
III.
{¶53} In his Third Assignment of Error, appellant argues that he was denied a
fair trial where the trial court failed to further question and/or instruct the jury
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 13
concerning one of the jurors’ observation of appellant in the courthouse hallway during
a break in the trial. We disagree.
{¶54} The record reveals that on March 17, 2011, Juror No. 7 told the trial judge
that she had seen appellant speaking in the hallway with one of the witnesses, Preston
Foster:
{¶55} “Juror No. 7: He was talking to the witness in the hallway, the Defendant.
{¶56} “The Court: The Defendant talked to him.
{¶57} “Ms. Mayer: Like I said, I had no idea he was even being called.
{¶58} “Juror No. 7: I have a problem with that.
{¶59} “The Court: Okay. I mean, you saw the Defendant talking to the witness.
{¶60} “Juror No. 7: Yes.
{¶61} “The Court: Okay.
{¶62} “Mr. Bishop: Would it help you if we indicated that we don't have a
problem with it?
{¶63} “Juror No. 7: I just didn't know what the rules were.
{¶64} “The Court: I understand we said that you couldn't talk to the witnesses.
We didn't say that - he can talk to them whenever he pleases.
{¶65} “Juror No. 7: Okay. That's fine.
{¶66} “The Court: He can talk to whoever he pleases. He can't talk to you.
{¶67} “* * *
{¶68} “The Court: You're just making us aware that you are aware that he had-
that you had seen him talking to him.
{¶69} “Juror No 7: I didn't know if that was okay.
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 14
{¶70} “Mr. Bishop: Thank you.
{¶71} “Ms. Mayer: That in no way, I guess, is going to set you one way or the
other in deciding the case?
{¶72} “Juror No. 7: No. No.
{¶73} “Ms. Mayer: You'll listen to his testimony?
{¶74} “Juror No. 7: Right.”
{¶75} Tr. at 642-644.
{¶76} The Ohio Supreme Court has stated: “In cases involving outside
influences on jurors, trial courts are granted broad discretion in dealing with the contact
and determining whether to declare a mistrial or to replace an affected juror.” State v.
Phillips, 74 Ohio St.3d 72, 89, 656 N.E.2d 643, 1995-Ohio-171. Furthermore, appellant
did not object to the trial court’s colloquy or to Juror No. 7 remaining on the jury, and
has thus waived all but plain error on appeal. See, e.g., State v. Garvin, Scioto App.No.
10CA3348, 2011-Ohio-6617, ¶ 51.
{¶77} Appellant’s argument herein chiefly speculates that the incident involving
Juror No. 7 may have led the jury to later infer that appellant had been threatening the
witness or engaging in some other improper activity. Upon review, we find no merit in
appellant’s claims in this regard, and we conclude no reversible error resulted from the
trial court’s handling of the juror’s reported observations of appellant outside of the
courtroom.
{¶78} Appellant's Third Assignment of Error is overruled.
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 15
V., VI.
{¶79} In his Fifth and Sixth Assignments of Error, appellant contends the trial
court erred in rendering consecutive, maximum sentences1 and that the trial court
judge displayed bias and prejudice during sentencing. We disagree.
{¶80} Appellant herein was convicted and sentenced approximately six months
before H.B. 86 went into effect in September 2011. This Court has previously
concluded that H.B. 86 is not retroactive. See State v. Fields, Muskingum App.No.
CT11–0037, 2011–Ohio–6044, ¶ 10. We therefore will analyze appellant’s sentence
pursuant to the Ohio Supreme Court's Foster decision [109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006–Ohio–
856] and its progeny.
{¶81} Foster holds that judicial fact finding is not required before a court imposes
non-minimum, maximum or consecutive prison terms. See, e.g., State v. Williams,
Muskingum App. No. CT2009–0006, 2009–Ohio–5296, ¶ 19, citing State v. Hanning,
Licking App.No. 2007CA00004, 2007–Ohio–5547, ¶ 9. Subsequent to Foster, in a
plurality opinion, the Ohio Supreme Court established a two-step procedure for
reviewing a felony sentence. State v. Kalish, 120 Ohio St.3d 23, 2008–Ohio–4912, 896
N.E.2d 124. The first step is to “examine the sentencing court's compliance with all
applicable rules and statutes in imposing the sentence to determine whether the
sentence is clearly and convincingly contrary to law.” Kalish at ¶ 4. If this first step is
satisfied, the second step requires the trial court's decision be reviewed under an
abuse-of-discretion standard. Id.
1
We note appellant did not receive maximum prison terms on any of the three
trafficking counts or the possession count. See R.C. 2929.14(A). It is not clear why
appellant herein makes an assertion of receiving the “maximum possible sentence.”
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 16
{¶82} In the case sub judice, the trial court stated in its written entry that it had
considered the purposes of sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the seriousness
and recidivism factors found in R.C. 2929.12. See Sentencing Entry, March 31, 2011.
{¶83} As noted in our recitation of facts, the trial court sentenced appellant to
two years in prison on each of the three trafficking counts, and five years on the
possession count. The terms were ordered to be served consecutively, for a total
sentence of eleven years in prison. Based on our review of the record, and pursuant to
Foster and Kalish, we do not find the trial court acted clearly and convincingly contrary
to law or abused its discretion in rendering consecutive sentences under the facts and
circumstances of this case.
{¶84} In regard to appellant’s claim of judicial bias in this matter, we note our
general reiteration that if a common pleas litigant wishes to raise a challenge to a trial
judge's objectivity, he or she must utilize the procedure set forth in R.C. 2701.03. See
In re Baby Boy Eddy (Dec. 6, 1999), Fairfield App.No. 99 CA 22, 2000 WL 1410.
However, in the case sub judice, as appellant is challenging comments made from the
bench during sentencing at the end of the trial court proceedings, we will review the
issue in the interest of judicial economy.
{¶85} It has been aptly recognized that a judge’s comments during sentencing
do not affect the trial, and thus the court's attitude throughout the trial must be
considered as a whole. See State v. Donkers, 170 Ohio App.3d 509, 549. 867 N.E.2d
903, 2007-Ohio-1557. Furthermore, “there is a modicum of quick temper that must be
allowed even judges.” State v. Sanders, 92 Ohio St.3d 245, 278, 750 N.E.2d 90, 2001-
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 17
Ohio-189, citing United States v. Donato (C.A.D.C.1996), 99 F.3d 426, 434 (additional
citations and internal quotations omitted).
{¶86} Appellant focuses on the judge’s use during sentencing of the terms
“kingpin,” “thug,” and “injecting slime, the drugs” into the community, as well as the
judge’s reference to a family member’s experience with alcohol abuse. See Tr. at 795-
798. However, taken in the context of the entire trial and sentencing hearing, we do not
find the isolated comments rise to the level of reversible error.
{¶87} Appellant's Fifth and Sixth Assignments of Error are overruled.
{¶88} For the reasons stated in the foregoing, the decision of the Court of
Common Pleas, Richland County, is hereby affirmed.
By: Wise, J.
Delaney, P. J., and
Hoffman, J., concur.
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JUDGES
JWW/d 0523
Richland County, Case No. 11 CA 42 18
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee :
:
-vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY
:
JUHAN BROWN :
:
Defendant-Appellant : Case No. 11 CA 42
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the
judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Richland County, Ohio, is affirmed.
Costs assessed to appellant.
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___________________________________
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JUDGES
State v. Brown
Combined Opinion