[Cite as Cook v. Bricker, 2011-Ohio-4898.]
COURT OF APPEALS
ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
: JUDGES:
LOUIS J. COOK : W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
: Sheila G. Farmer, J.
Petitioner-Appellee : Julie A. Edwards, J.
:
-vs- : Case No. 11-COA-007
:
:
JOHN E. BRICKER : OPINION
Respondent-Appellant
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from Ashland County
Court of Common Pleas Case No.
10-CPO-370
JUDGMENT: Reversed and Remanded
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: September 22, 2011
APPEARANCES:
For Petitioner-Appellee For Respondent-Appellant
LOUIS COOK ROBERT P. DESANTO
159 CR 530 432 Center Street
West Salem, Ohio 44287 Ashland, Ohio 44805
[Cite as Cook v. Bricker, 2011-Ohio-4898.]
Edwards, J.
{¶1} Appellant, John Bricker, appeals from the January 18, 2011, Judgment
Entry of the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On August 20, 2010, appellee Louis Cook filed a Petition for Civil Stalking
or Sexually Oriented Offense Protection Order pursuant to R.C. 2903.214 against
appellant John Bricker. The petition indicated that appellee was seeking relief on behalf
of himself and on behalf of his spouse, Elizabeth Cook, his son, Ross J.E. Cook, his
father-in-law, Marshall Ross, Sr., his brother-in-law, Marshall Ross, Jr., and his mother-
in-law, Elizabeth Ross. An ex parte Civil Stalking Protection Order was filed on the
same date. A hearing on such motion was scheduled for August 30, 2010.
{¶3} At the hearing before a Magistrate, appellee Louis Cook testified that he
resided at 159 County Road 530 in West Salem and that appellant was his neighbor.
Appellee Cook testified that he was outside with his 3 year old son and his big Mastiff-
type dog on August 19, 2010, when the dog ran into appellant’s yard. When appellee
went to retrieve his dog, appellant “was saying “Get that mother fuckin’ bitch off my
property.’” Transcript at 10. Appellee Cook testified that appellant said that he was
going to shoot the dog between the eyes and called appellee’s brother-in-law and
father-in-law “mother fuckin’ cock-suckers.” Transcript at 11. Appellee Louis Cook
testified that they had had instances with appellant in the past.
{¶4} According to appellee Cook, appellant threatened to shoot him and the
dog if he did not get the dog off of his property within two minutes. Appellee Cook
testified that this was the only time that he had had a problem with appellant. Appellee
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 3
Cook testified that appellant did not have a weapon on him. On cross-examination,
appellee Cook testified that he asked appellant if appellant said that he was going to
shoot him and that appellant said yes.
{¶5} Marshall Ross, Sr., appellee Cook’s father-in-law, testified that he was
outside during the above incident and that he heard appellant tell appellee Cook to “get
the son-of-a-bitch out of here” and that he was going to put a bullet between the dog’s
eyes. Transcript at 19. He testified that he owned the property at 159 County Road 530
and that he had lived there since December of 1998. When he moved in, appellant did
not live next door. Marshall Ross, Sr. testified that he had three other incidents with
appellant. During one incident on June 1, 2008, he was down in the back of his property
cutting wood when appellant threatened to shoot him if he did not stay off of appellant’s
property. During the second incident, Marshall Ross, Sr. was again in the back of his
property cutting wood when a piece of wood fell down by appellant’s property. When he
went over to pick it up, appellant again told him to stay off of his property or he would be
shot.
{¶6} According to Marshall Ross, Sr. the third incident occurred on the property
line between their two properties. He testified that such incident occurred in August of
2009 or 2010. The following testimony was adduced at the hearing:
{¶7} “THE COURT: When was it?
{¶8} “THE WITNESS: That one was a - - 2010 or 2009 - - 8/19 it could have
been of 2010, and that was the one where - - he run over my prop - - he kept knocking
down my property stake, and I told him - - I went over - - I went over, I told him, ‘Would
you quit knocking down my property stake,’ and he come flying towards me with his
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 4
mower, and I said, ‘Just quit’ - - and he said, ‘Get off my damn property, I‘ll put a cap up
your ass.’ That’s exactly what I was told.” Transcript at 23-24.
{¶9} At the hearing, Marshall Ross, Jr. testified that he was appellee Cook’s
brother-in-law. He testified that he did not witness the incident on August 19, 2010 and
that appellant had never threatened to shoot him. Marshall Ross, Jr. testified that
appellant came over and swore at him and yelled at him and threatened to kick his ass
a few times. He further testified that he did not witness any of the times appellant
threatened to shoot Marshall Ross, Sr. On cross-examination, he testified that he was
not afraid of appellant.
{¶10} Appellant testified that he lived at 167 County Road 530 and had lived
there since 1999. Appellant testified that appellee Cook had moved into the neighboring
property about three weeks prior to the hearing. Appellant testified that, on August 19,
2010, he told appellee Cook the he had two minutes to remove the dog from appellant’s
property or the dog would be shot. According to appellant, when appellee Cook asked
whether appellant threatened to shoot him, appellant indicated that he said the dog. He
testified that he had no intention of shooting appellee Cook or the dog and that he did
not have a gun on him. Appellant denied threatening to shoot appellee Louis Cook.
{¶11} Appellant testified that he never intentionally knocked over the property
line pin and that any disputes that he had with Marshall Ross, Sr. related to one or the
other crossing the property line. He denied ever threatening to shoot Marshall Ross, Sr.
but testified that one day he said “I’m going to bust my cap over your hind end” if Ross,
Sr. did not get back to his side of the property. Transcript at 35. Appellant testified that
he had no intention of shooting anyone.
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 5
{¶12} On cross-examination, appellant testified that he owned 13 weapons and
that he never threatened to shoot Marshall Ross, Sr. When questioned by the court
about the August 19, 2010, incident, he testified that the dog was barking and growling
at him and that he tried to shoo the dog away. Appellant testified that he was not afraid
of the dog.
{¶13} On September 15, 2010, the Magistrate issued, and the trial court
approved, a Civil Stalking Protection Order. The persons protected by the same were
appellee Louis Cook, Elizabeth Cook, Ross J.E. Cook, Marshall Ross, Sr. and Marshall
Ross, Jr. The court made the order effective until August 30, 2015. On September 27,
2010, appellant filed a Request for Findings of Facts and Conclusions of Law. An
Amended Magistrate’s Decision with Findings of Facts and Conclusions of Law was
filed on October 27, 2010.
{¶14} On November 10, 2010, appellant filed objections to the Magistrate’s
Decision. In his objections, he reserved the right to amend or supplement his objections
after the transcript of hearing was filed. Subsequently, after the transcript was filed,
appellant, on January 3, 2011, filed additional objections. Appellant, in his objections,
specifically alleged as follows:
{¶15} “I. COURT LACKED JURISDICTION TO HEAR A PETITION ON BEHALF
OF FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS OF PETITIONER.
{¶16} “II. THE COURT’S ORDER FOR CIVIL STALKING PROTECTION
ORDER AND THE COURT’S FINDING THAT IT HAD JURISDICTION OF THE
PARTIES AND THAT THE EVIDENCE ‘ESTABLISHED A PATTERN OF CONDUCT
WHICH CAUSED PETITIONER TO BELIEVE THAT RESPONDENT WOULD CAUSE
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 6
PHYSICAL HARM TO HIM OR ONE OF HIS FAMILY MEMBERS’ IS AGAINST THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶17} “III. THERE EXISTS NO EVIDENCE IN THE TRANSCRIPT TO
ESTABLISH THAT MR. BRICKER ENGAGED IN A PATTERN OF CONDUCT TO
KNOWINGLY CAUSE PETITIONER OR ANYONE ELSE TO BELIEVE THAT HE
WOULD CAUSE PHYSICAL HARM TO THE OTHER PERSON.
{¶18} “IV. THE COURT’S CIVIL STALKING PROTECTION ORDER VIOLATES
THE RESPONDENTS 2ND AMENDMENT CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS
WHERE THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED AT THE HEARING DOES NOT SUPPORT
THE PORTION OF THE ORDER REQUIRING APPELLANT TO TURN OVER HIS
FIREARMS TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AND TO NOT USE ALCOHOL.”
{¶19} Pursuant to a Judgment Entry filed on January 18, 2011, the trial court
overruled appellant’s objections and adopted and approved the Magistrate’s Decision
and Judgment Entry entered on September 15, 2010 and the Amended Magistrate’s
Decision filed on October 27, 2010.
{¶20} Appellant now raises the following assignments of error on appeal:
{¶21} “I. THE TRIAL COURT LACKED JURISDICTION TO GRANT A CIVIL
STALKING PROTECTION ORDER FILED FOR, ON BEHALF OF, AND GRANTED ON
BEHALF OF PERSON NOT INCLUDED IN THE DEFINITION OF HOUSEHOLD OR
FAMILY MEMBER AS FOUND IN R.C. 2903.214 AND R.C. 3113.31.
{¶22} “II. THE COURT ERRED IN CONCLUDING THAT THE CRIME OF
MENACING R.C. 2903.211 DOES NOT INCLUDE AN ELEMENT OF CAUSATION
NOR THAT THE HARM ALLEGEDLY CAUSED MUST BE REASONABLY
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 7
FORESEEABLE. SAID ERROR IS PREJUDICIAL ERROR WHERE THE CONDUCT
OF THE RESPONDENT WAS ONLY ONE INCIDENT WITH THE PETITIONER AND
ANY OTHER INCIDENT WAS WITH OTHER INDIVIDUALS AND REMOTE IN TIME
AND THUS THE COURT’S ODER WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE
EVIDENCE.
{¶23} “III. THE COURT’S ORDER IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF
THE EVIDENCE WHERE THERE IS NO EVIDENCE. [SIC] PETITIONER BELIEVED
RESPONDENT WOULD CAUSE PHYSICAL HARM TO PETITIONER OR ANYONE
ELSE AND ANY THREATS MADE WERE ONLY CONDITIONAL THREATS.
{¶24} “IV. THE COURT’S CIVIL STALKING PROTECTION ORDER VIOLATES
THE RESPONDENT’S 2ND AMENDMENT CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS
WHERE THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED AT THE HEARING DOES NOT SUPPORT
THAT PORTION OF THE ORDER REQUIRING APPELLANT TO TURN OVER HIS
FIREARMS TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AND TO NOT USE ALCOHOL.”
I
{¶25} Appellant, in his first assignment of error, argues that the trial court lacked
jurisdiction to enter a Civil Stalking Protection Order on behalf of Elizabeth Cook, Ross
J.E. Cook, Marshall Ross, Sr. and Marshall Ross, Jr. because such persons are not
included in the definition of household or family member as found in R.C. 2903.214 and
R.C. 3113.31.
{¶26} R.C. 2903.214 states, in relevant part, as follows: “(B) The court has
jurisdiction over all proceedings under this section. “(C) A person may seek relief under
this section for the person, or any parent or adult household member may seek relief
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 8
under this section on behalf of any other family or household member, by filing a petition
with the court.” R.C. 2903.214 further states as follows: “(3) “Family or household
member” has the same meaning as in section 3113.31 of the Revised Code.”
(Emphasis added). In turn, R.C. 3113.31(A) provides, in relevant part, as follows: “(3)
“Family or household member” means any of the following:
{¶27} “(a) Any of the following who is residing with or has resided with the
respondent:
{¶28} “(i) A spouse, a person living as a spouse, or a former spouse of the
respondent;
{¶29} “(ii) A parent, a foster parent, or a child of the respondent, or another
person related by consanguinity or affinity to the respondent;
{¶30} “(iii) A parent or a child of a spouse, person living as a spouse, or former
spouse of the respondent, or another person related by consanguinity or affinity to a
spouse, person living as a spouse, or former spouse of the respondent.”
{¶31} “(b) The natural parent of any child of whom the respondent is the other
natural parent or is the putative other natural parent.” (Emphasis added).
{¶32} There is no evidence in the record that Elizabeth Cook, Ross J.E. Cook,
Marshall Ross, Sr. and Marshall Ross, Jr. were household or family members of
appellant, who was the respondent. While appellee Louis Cook could seek a Civil
Protection Order on his own behalf, he could, therefore, not seek one on their behalf.
We concur with appellant, therefore, that the trial court had no jurisdiction to grant a
Civil Stalking Protection Order on behalf of such individuals because they were not
household or family members of appellant pursuant to R.C. 2903.214 and 3113.31.
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 9
{¶33} Appellant’s first assignment of error, therefore, is sustained in part.
II, III
{¶34} Appellant, in his second and third assignments of error, argues, in
essence, that the trial court’s order was against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶35} The decision whether to grant a civil protection order lies within the sound
discretion of the trial court. Olenik v. Huff, Ashland App. No. 02-COA-058, 2003-Ohio-
4621, at paragraph 21. Therefore, an appellate court should not reverse the decision of
the trial court absent an abuse of discretion. In order to find an abuse of discretion, this
court must determine that the trial court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or
unconscionable and not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore
(1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140.
{¶36} We further note that a judgment supported by some competent, credible
evidence will not be reversed by a reviewing court as against the manifest weight of the
evidence. C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Construction Co. (1978), 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 280,
376 N.E.2d 578. A reviewing court must not substitute its judgment for that of the trial
court where there exists some competent and credible evidence supporting the
judgment rendered by the trial court. Myers v. Garson, 66 Ohio St.3d 610, 1993-Ohio-9,
614 N.E .2d 742. The underlying rationale for giving deference to the findings of the
trial court rests with the knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the witnesses
and observe their demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections, and use these
observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony. Seasons Coal Co. v.
City of Cleveland (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273.
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 10
{¶37} R.C. Section 2903.214 governs the filing of a petition for a civil stalking
protection order. R.C. Section 2903.214(C) provides: “A person may seek relief under
this section for the person, or any parent or adult household member may seek relief
under this section on behalf of any other family or household member by filing a petition
with the court”.
{¶38} To be entitled to a stalking civil protection order, the petitioner must show,
by a preponderance of the evidence that the respondent engaged in menacing by
stalking, a violation of R.C. Section 2903.211, against the person seeking the order.
See Tumblin v. Jackson, Coshocton App. No. 06CA002, 2006-Ohio-3270 at paragraph
17.
{¶39} R.C. Section 2903.211(A), “menacing by stalking”, states that “[n]o person
by engaging in a pattern of conduct shall knowingly cause another to believe that the
offender will cause physical harm to the other person or cause mental distress to the
other person.” R.C. 2903.211 further provides as follows:
{¶40} “(D) As used in this section:
{¶41} “(1) “Pattern of conduct” means two or more actions or incidents closely
related in time, whether or not there has been a prior conviction based on any of those
actions or incidents ...
{¶42} “R.C. 2903.211(D)(1) does not require that a pattern of conduct be proved
by events from at least two different days. Arguably, a pattern of conduct could arise out
of two or more events occurring on the same date, provided that there are sufficient
intervals between them.” State v. Scruggs (2000), 136 Ohio App.3d 631, 634, 737
N.E.2d 574, 576. One incident is insufficient to establish a “pattern of conduct.” Id.
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 11
The statute does not define the term “closely related in time,” but case law suggests the
trier of fact should consider the evidence in the context of all circumstances of the case,
Middletown v. Jones, 167 Ohio App.3d 679, 2006-Ohio-3465, 856 N.E.2d 1003. The
trier of fact is best able to decide on a case-by-case basis, State v. Dario (1995), 106
Ohio App.3d 232, 665 N.E.2d 759.
{¶43} R.C. 2903.211(D) further states, in relevant part, as follows:
{¶44} “(2) “Mental distress” means any of the following:
{¶45} “(a) Any mental illness or condition that involves some temporary
substantial incapacity;
{¶46} “(b) Any mental illness or condition that would normally require psychiatric
treatment, psychological treatment, or other mental health services.”
{¶47} Appellant, in his second assignment of error, argues that there was
insufficient evidence to establish that appellant engaged in a pattern of conduct while, in
his third assignment of error, he argues that there was no evidence or testimony that
appellee Louis Cook believed that appellant would cause physical harm to Louis Cook
or someone else.
{¶48} The issue thus becomes whether or not appellant engaged in menacing
by stalking in relation to appellee Louis Cook, the person seeking the order. In the case
sub judice, we find insufficient evidence to establish that appellant engaged in a “pattern
of conduct” as defined in R.C. § 2903.211. As is stated above, appellee Cook testified
that the incident on August 19, 2010 was his only incident with appellant. Testimony
was adduced at the hearing that appellee Louis Cook was not even a neighbor of
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 12
appellant until several weeks prior to the hearing. The other three incidents testified to
at the hearing involved appellant and Marshall Ross, Sr.
{¶49} For the foregoing reasons, we find the trial court's grant of a stalking civil
protection order to be against the manifest weight of the evidence and hereby sustain
appellant's second assignment of error. Appellant’s third assignment of error is,
therefore, moot.
IV
{¶50} Appellant, in his fourth assignment of error, argues that the trial court
violated his constitutional right to bear arms when, in its Civil Stalking Protection Order,
it prohibited appellant from possessing, using, carrying or obtaining any deadly weapon
and ordered appellant to turn over all deadly weapons in his possession to law
enforcement.
{¶51} Based on our disposition of appellant’s second assignment of error,
appellant’s fourth assignment of error is moot.
Ashland County App. Case No. 11-COA-007 13
{¶52} Accordingly, the judgment of the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas
is reversed and this matter is remanded for further proceedings.
By: Edwards, J.
Gwin, P.J. and
Farmer, J. concur
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
JUDGES
JAE/d0810
[Cite as Cook v. Bricker, 2011-Ohio-4898.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LOUIS J. COOK :
:
Petitioner-Appellee :
:
:
-vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY
:
JOHN E. BRICKER :
:
Respondent-Appellant : CASE NO. 11-COA-007
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion on file, the
judgment of the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas is reversed and remanded to
the trial court for further proceedings. Costs assessed to appellee.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
JUDGES
Cook v. Bricker
Combined Opinion