[Cite as State v. Harris, 2011-Ohio-2511.]
COURT OF APPEALS
STARK COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JUDGES:
STATE OF OHIO : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
: Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. Julie A. Edwards, J.
:
-vs- :
: Case No. 2010-CA-00288
RONALD W. HARRIS :
:
Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal appeal from the Canton Municipal
Court, Case No. 2010TRD4680
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: May 23, 2011
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
JOSEPH MARTUCCIO AGATHA MARTIN WILLIAMS
Canton City Law Director 4429 Fulton Drive N.W.
TYRONE D. HAURITZ Suite 100
Canton City Prosecutor Canton, OH 44718
TYRONE D. HAURITIZ
Canton City Prosecutor
KATIE ERCHICK
Assistant City Prosecutor
218 Cleveland Ave. S.W.
Box 24218
Canton, OH 44701-4218
[Cite as State v. Harris, 2011-Ohio-2511.]
Gwin, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant Ronald W. Harris appeals the September 9, 2010 Judgment
Entry of the Canton Municipal Court, Stark County, Ohio overruling his motion to
suppress evidence. Appellee is the State of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} The following facts were found by the trial court in the Judgment Entry
overruling appellant’s motion to suppress.
{¶3} Officer Jeff Hothem of the Canton Police Department was on patrol on
April 27, 2010, and was assigned to the traffic division. Officer Hothem was patrolling in
the Newton zone area of the City of Canton. On April 27, 2010, at approximately 8:29
p.m., Officer Hothem initiated a traffic stop in the area of Brown Street and West
Tuscarawas Street in the City of Canton, Ohio. Officer Hothem was traveling south on
Brown Street when he observed a red Ford Expedition making a right hand turn from
Brown Street onto Tuscarawas Street. Officer Hothem observed that the vehicle did not
use its turn signal when making the turn. Officer Hothem testified that he first observed
appellant's vehicle when the officer was in the 500 to 600 block of Brown Street.
{¶4} Once on Tuscarawas Street West, Officer Hothem observed appellant fail
to use his left turn signal for a lane change from the right to left lane. At this time,
Officer Hothem initiated a traffic stop of the appellant's vehicle. Officer Hothem's police
cruiser was equipped with working audio and video and one of the two signal
violations, as well as the stop of appellant was recorded. A check of appellant’s driving
status revealed that appellant’s license had been suspended in the State of West
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288 3
Virginia1. Appellant was subsequently charged with Driving Under Suspension, a first
degree misdemeanor, Hindering/Obstructing an Officer, also a first degree
misdemeanor, and Failing to Signal Before Changing Course, a minor misdemeanor.
{¶5} A pre-trial conference was scheduled for April 5, 2010 and was then
continued on appellant's request until April 12, 2010, then continued again per
agreement of the parties until June 2, 2010, and subsequent to that pre-trial
conference a second pre-trial conference and a jury trial were set for July 7, 2010 and
July 9, 2010, respectively. The jury trial was continued twice on appellant's request and
ultimately set for September 30, 2010.
{¶6} On August 18, 2010, appellant filed a motion to suppress, arguing that
Officer Hothem had no reasonable and articulable suspicion to stop appellant's vehicle
and that the stop was a result of profiling. (Defendant’s Motion to Suppress, filed
August 13, 2010 at 1).
{¶7} On September 8, 2010, the trial court held a hearing on the motion to
suppress. Appellant, Officer Hothem and appellant’s expert witness, Bernard Richards,
Ph.D. testified. On September 9, 2010, the trial court issued a written judgment entry
overruling the motion to suppress.
1
R.C. 4510.61, otherwise known as the Driver License Compact, is an agreement entered into by
various states to ensure compliance with motor vehicle laws by out-of-state drivers. The compact
provides for reporting convictions of enumerated offenses of out-of-state drivers back to that driver's
home state. Pursuant to R.C. 4510.61, Article IV, the Driver License Compact requires that when an Ohio
licensee is convicted out-of-state then the state of Ohio, for purposes of suspension or revocation of the
Ohio driver's license, shall treat the conviction as if it had occurred in Ohio. The obvious rationale for this
provision is that if an Ohio licensee incurs a traffic offense in another state, any suspension of his or her
right to drive in that state will be, in most cases, no suspension at all and the Ohio licensee will be
unaffected. By treating the out-of-state infraction as if it occurred in Ohio, the non-resident state is
assured that a suspension will be imposed in Ohio.
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288 4
{¶8} On September 29, 2010, appellee amended the appellant's charge of
Driving Under Suspension, to Driving Without a Valid License, a minor misdemeanor,
because appellant had obtained a valid license since the time of his arrest. Appellee
also amended, after review of its case, appellant's charge of Hindering/Obstructing an
Officer to Disorderly Conduct, also a minor misdemeanor.
{¶9} On September 30, 2010, after plea negotiations, appellee dismissed the
Disorderly Conduct charge, and appellant entered no contest pleas to the amended
charge of Driving Without a Valid License and Failing to Signal Before Changing
Course.
{¶10} Appellant has timely appealed, raising the following assignments of error:
{¶11} “I. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN
DENYING APPELLANT'S MOTION TO SUPPRESS AS THE APPELLANT'S PAT
DOWN SEARCH AND SEIZURE WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL BECAUSE OF THE
PROLONGED DETENTION AND INABILITY TO CITE SPECIFIC ARTICULABLE
FACTS OF SOME OTHER CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.
{¶12} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ITS FINDING OF FACT THAT THERE
WAS A REASONABLE ARTICULATE SUSPICION FOR THE STOP OF
APPELLANT'S VEHICLE.”
I & II
{¶13} In his First Assignment of Error, appellant cites as error the trial court's
decision to overrule his motion to suppress the evidence. Specifically, he contends that
the officer did not have a reasonable suspicion based upon articulable facts. In his
Second Assignment of Error appellant maintains that the trial court erred in finding the
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288 5
Officer had a reasonable, articulable suspicion to stop the appellant. Appellant’s First
and Second Assignments of Error raise common and interrelated issues; therefore, we
will address the arguments together.
{¶14} Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of law
and fact. State v. Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 154-155, 797 N.E.2d 71, 74, 20030-
Ohio-5372 at ¶ 8. When ruling on a motion to suppress, the trial court assumes the role
of trier of fact and is in the best position to resolve questions of fact and to evaluate
witness credibility. See State v. Dunlap (1995), 73 Ohio St.3d 308, 314, 652 N.E.2d
988; State v. Fanning (1982), 1 Ohio St.3d 19, 20, 437 N.E.2d 583. Accordingly, a
reviewing court must defer to the trial court's factual findings if competent, credible
evidence exists to support those findings. See Burnside, supra; Dunlap, supra; State v.
Long (1998), 127 Ohio App.3d 328, 332, 713 N.E.2d 1; State v. Medcalf (1996), 111
Ohio App.3d 142, 675 N.E.2d 1268. However, once this Court has accepted those
facts as true, it must independently determine as a matter of law whether the trial court
met the applicable legal standard. See Burnside, supra, citing State v. McNamara
(1997), 124 Ohio App.3d 706, 707 N.E.2d 539; See, generally, United States v. Arvizu
(2002), 534 U.S. 266, 122 S.Ct. 744; Ornelas v. United States (1996), 517 U.S. 690,
116 S.Ct. 1657. That is, the application of the law to the trial court's findings of fact is
subject to a de novo standard of review Ornelas, supra. Moreover, due weight should
be given “to inferences drawn from those facts by resident judges and local law
enforcement officers.” Ornelas, supra at 698, 116 S.Ct. at 1663.
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288 6
{¶15} Appellant’s two assignments of error relate to the propriety of the trial
court’s overruling of his motion to suppress. Specifically, he contends that the officer
did not have a reasonable suspicion based upon articulable facts to stop appellant.
{¶16} In Whren v. United States (1996), 517 U.S. 806, the United States
Supreme Court held:
{¶17} “The temporary detention of a motorist upon probable cause to believe
that he has violated the traffic laws does not violate the Fourth Amendment's
prohibition against unreasonable seizures, even if a reasonable officer would not have
stopped the motorist absent some additional law enforcement objective.” Whren at
1771.
{¶18} Less than one month later, the Ohio Supreme Court reached a similar
decision in City of Dayton v. Erickson (1996), 76 Ohio St. 3d 3, 665 N.E.2d 1091. In
Erickson, the Court stated:
{¶19} “Where a police officer stops a vehicle based on probable cause that a
traffic violation has occurred or was occurring, the stop is not unreasonable under the
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution even if the officer had some
ulterior motive for making the stop, such as a suspicion that the violator was engaging
in more nefarious criminal activity.” Id. at syllabus.
{¶20} Based on the above, neither the United States Supreme Court nor the
Ohio Supreme Court considered the severity of the offense as a factor in determining
whether the law enforcement official was justified in stopping a motorist. In fact, the
Ohio Supreme Court stated that " * * * we conclude that where an officer has an
articulable reasonable suspicion or probable cause to stop a motorist for any criminal
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288 7
violation, including a minor traffic violation, the stop is constitutionally valid regardless
of the officer's underlying subjective intent or motivation for stopping the vehicle in
question." (Emphasis added.) Id. at 11-12, 665 N.E.2d 1091. See, also, State v. Rice,
Fifth Dist. No. 2005CA00242, 2006-Ohio-3703 at ¶33-34; State v. Rice (Dec. 23,
1999), 5th Dist. No. 99CA48. The Ohio Supreme Court has emphasized that probable
cause is not required to make a traffic stop; rather the standard is reasonable and
articulable suspicion. State v. Mays, 119 Ohio St.3d 406, 894 N.E.2d 1204, 2008-Ohio-
4538 at ¶ 23. If an officer’s decision to stop a motorist for a criminal violation, including
a traffic violation, is prompted by a reasonable and articulable suspicion considering all
the circumstances, then the stop is constitutionally valid. State v. Mays, supra at ¶ 8.
{¶21} In this case, the trial court reduced its specific factual findings to writing.
The judge is in the best position to determine the credibility of witnesses, and her
conclusion in this case is supported by competent facts. See State v. Burnside (2003),
100 Ohio St.3d 152, 154-55, 797 N.E.2d 71, 74. The fundamental rule that weight of
evidence and credibility of witnesses are primarily for the trier of fact applies to
suppression hearings as well as trials. State v. Fanning (1982), 1 Ohio St.3d 19, 20,
437 N.E.2d 583, 584. The Officer’s testimony represents competent, credible evidence
that appellant failed to use his turn signal. Further, a video recording of the stop was
admitted into evidence during the suppression hearing. The trial court found that the
video evidence demonstrated appellant failed to use his turn signal when turning from
Brown Street to Tuscarawas Street. The video evidence also represents competent,
credible evidence that appellant failed to use his turn signal when turning from Brown
Street to Tuscarawas Street. Therefore, the factual finding of the trial court that
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288 8
appellant failed to use a turn signal when turning from Brown Street to Tuscarawas
Street is not clearly erroneous.
{¶22} At the hearing on his motion to suppress appellant testified that he was
leaving a credit union on Sixth Street and drove to Brown Street. At Brown Street, he
made a left turn and was proceeding to Tuscarawas Street. Appellant further testified
that he stopped at the stop sign at Fourth Street and Brown Street and proceeded to
Tuscarawas Street. He testified he used his turn signal 30 to 50 feet in advance of the
stop sign at Tuscarawas Street. Appellant further testified that he made a right turn into
the right curb lane and was not traveling in the left lane. The defense also called Dr.
Bernard Richards as an expert witness. Dr. Richards is a retired physics professor. He
has testified on numerous occasions as to the subject of accident reconstruction. Dr.
Richards testified that he observed the video of the stop of appellant’s vehicle and
believed he observed appellant use a turn signal on the video.
{¶23} While appellant and his expert witness testified that appellant had used his
turn signal, the trial judge was free to review the video evidence as well as the
testimony. The trial judge, as the trier of fact, is free to accept or reject any and all of
the evidence offered by the parties and assess the witness’s credibility. In this case the
trial court reviewed the video evidence and specifically concluded that the evidence
demonstrated that appellant did not use a right hand turn signal before turning from
Brown Street onto Tuscarawas Street.
{¶24} Reviewing courts should accord deference to the trial court’s decision
concerning the credibility of the witnesses because the trial court has had the
opportunity to observe the witnesses’ demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections that
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288 9
cannot be conveyed to us through the written record, Miller v. Miller (1988), 37 Ohio St.
3d 71. In Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 81, 461 N.E.2d
1273, the Ohio Supreme Court explained: "[a] reviewing court should not reverse a
decision simply because it holds a different opinion concerning the credibility of the
witnesses and evidence submitted before the trial court. A finding of an error in law is a
legitimate ground for reversal, but a difference of opinion on credibility of witnesses and
evidence is not." See, also State v. DeHass (1967), 10 Ohio St.2d 230, 227 N.E.2d 212
syllabus 1; .State v. Fry, 125 Ohio St.3d 163, 926 N.E.2d 1239, 2010-Ohio-1017 at ¶
146.
{¶25} After a thorough review of the record in appellant’s case including the
video from the police cruiser marked as Plaintiff’s Exhibit 1, we accept the trial court's
conclusion that appellant's violation of the traffic laws gave Officer Hothem reasonable
suspicion to stop appellant's vehicle. The factual findings made by the trial court are
supported by competent and credible evidence. Thus, the trial court did not err when it
denied appellant's motion to suppress on the basis that the initial stop of his vehicle
was valid. State v. Busse, Licking App. No. 06 CA 65, 2006-Ohio-7047 at ¶ 20.
{¶26} Appellant’s First and Second Assignments of Error are overruled.
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288 10
{¶27} For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the
Canton Municipal Court, Stark County, Ohio is affirmed.
By Gwin, P.J.,
Farmer, J., and
Edwards, J., concur
_________________________________
HON. W. SCOTT GWIN
_________________________________
HON. SHEILA G. FARMER
_________________________________
HON. JULIE A. EDWARDS
WSG:clw 0504
[Cite as State v. Harris, 2011-Ohio-2511.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR STARK COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee :
:
:
-vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY
:
RONALD W. HARRIS :
:
:
Defendant-Appellant : CASE NO. 2010-CA-00288
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the
judgment of the Canton Municipal Court, Stark County, Ohio is affirmed. Costs to
appellant.
_________________________________
HON. W. SCOTT GWIN
_________________________________
HON. SHEILA G. FARMER
_________________________________
HON. JULIE A. EDWARDS