State v. Clark

[Cite as State v. Clark, 2012-Ohio-5570.]
STATE OF OHIO, MAHONING COUNTY

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

SEVENTH DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO, )
)
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, )
)
V. ) CASE NO. 12-MA-1
)
GEORGE CLARK, ) OPINION
)
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. )

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS: Criminal Appeal from Court of Common
Pleas of Mahoning County, Ohio
Case No. 10CR471

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee Paul Gains
Prosecutor
Ralph M. Rivera
Assistant Prosecutor
21 W. Boardman St., 6th Floor
Youngstown, Ohio 44503

For Defendant-Appellant George Clark, Pro-se
#621-660
Richland Correctional Institution
1001 Olivesburg Rd.
P.O. Box 8107
Mansfield, Ohio 44901

JUDGES:

Hon. Gene Donofrio
Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich
Hon. Cheryl L. Waite

Dated: November 27, 2012
[Cite as State v. Clark, 2012-Ohio-5570.]
DONOFRIO, J.

{¶1} Defendant-appellant George Clark appeals from a Mahoning County
Common Pleas Court decision revoking his community control and sentencing him to
four years in prison.
{¶2} On August 5, 2010, Clark pleaded guilty to one count of burglary, a
second-degree felony. R.C. 2911.12(A)(2)(C)(D). On September 30, 2010, the trial
court sentenced Clark to two years of community control with reporting to be
monitored by the Adult Parole Authority. Clark never sought to appeal that decision.
{¶3} Subsequently, on July 5, 2011, plaintiff-appellee State of Ohio filed a
motion to revoke Clark’s community control alleging that he violated the first condition
of his community control which was to obey all federal, state, and local laws, by
committing an aggravated robbery. The trial court held a probable cause hearing,
found that probable cause did exist, and ordered Clark held without bond pending his
probation violation hearing.
{¶4} The court held the probation violation hearing on December 14, 2011.
Steve Cochran, one of the victims, testified that on the day of the robbery he was at
his home on a computer while his friend, Mas, was in the garage. He testified that
upon hearing the front door open, he walked out of the bedroom into the hallway and
saw a white male standing there pointing a gun at him while Clark stood off to the
side. Cochran was familiar with Clark because he had dated his sister. However, he
did not know his last name and knew him only by his first name, George. He testified
that Clark walked over to him, struck him in the face, and then went through drawers
and a desk in the bedroom. Cochran stated that Clark took the computer monitor
and asked about an iPod. After Clark and his accomplice left the house, Cochran
noticed that in addition to the monitor Clark took, a Playstation was also missing.
Cochran’s friend Mas called the police. Upon cross-examination, Cochran
acknowledged that he did not identify Clark or Clark’s previous relationship with his
sister in his statement to police describing the events that took place. Nonetheless,
in court, Cochran identified Clark as the person who had robbed him.
{¶5} Detective-Sergeant Daniel Kosco, who investigated the robbery, stated
that he was not able to obtain any fingerprints with sufficient detail to allow
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identification, but he obtained a vehicle description which matched Clark’s car. Det.
Kosco arrested Clark who denied having any involvement. Det. Kosco also learned
that Clark recently sold a computer monitor to a local computer store. When Det.
Kosco showed Clark a picture of himself in that store, Clark responded that he could
only be charged with receiving stolen property. Because of confusion surrounding
the serial number on the monitor, Det. Kosco was never able to confirm that the one
Clark sold to the computer store was the same one taken from the victim’s home.
{¶6} Following the hearing, the trial court found Clark to have violated
community control and sentenced Clark to four years in prison. This appeal followed.
{¶7} Clark’s attorney filed a motion pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S
738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967), on March 12, 2012,
stating that he had diligently and thoroughly researched all potential issues that could
be raised on appeal (including the weight of the evidence argument subsequently
made by Clark pro se) and found no possible assignment of error that could be
supported by a good faith argument, and asked for permission to withdraw. Clark’s
attorney sent him a copy of the brief and he was given thirty days from December 16,
2011, to file his own brief, which he did.
{¶8} This court has used the standard it set in State v. Toney for cases when
an Anders brief is filed. In Toney, this court recognized an indigent defendant’s
constitutional right to court-appointed counsel for direct appeal of their conviction. Id.,
at paragraph one of the syllabus. After a conscientious examination of the record,
counsel should present any assignments of error which could arguably support the
appeal. Id., at paragraph two of the syllabus. If instead counsel determines that the
defendant's appeal is frivolous and that there is no assignment of error which could
be arguably supported on appeal, then counsel should inform the appellate court and
the defendant of that by brief and ask to withdraw as counsel of record. Id., at
paragraph three and four of the syllabus. The defendant is then given the
opportunity to raise, pro se, any assignments of error he chooses. Id., at paragraph
four of the syllabus. The appellate court then is duty bound to examine the record,
 -3-

counsel’s brief, and any pro se arguments, and determine if the appeal is wholly
frivolous. Id., paragraph five of the syllabus. If after determining that the appeal is
wholly frivolous, then the appellate court should permit counsel to withdraw and
affirm the judgment of conviction and sentence. State v. Toney, 23 Ohio App.2d 203,
262 N.E.2d 419 (7th Dist.1970). Clark has filed a pro se appellate brief in this case
and his arguments will be summarized and divided into three sections for ease of
analysis.
{¶9} Clark’s first assignment of error states that the trial court abused its
discretion when it concluded that he violated the terms and conditions of his
community control sanctions.
{¶10} Initially, it should be noted that “[w]ith respect to a community control
violation for failure to obey the law, * * * whether a defendant is actually convicted of
an offense is immaterial, if the trial court examines the evidence and concludes that
appellant failed to obey federal, state, or local laws.” State v. Kincer, 12th Dist. No.
CA2005-07-059, 2006-Ohio-2249, ¶8, f.n. 2. See, also, State v. Hylton, 75 Ohio
App.3d 778, 600 N.E.2d 821 (4th Dist.1991) (probation violated based upon charge
of domestic violence despite later dismissal of charge by probationer's wife); State v.
Delaney, 11 Ohio St.3d 231, 465 N.E.2d 72 (1984) (conduct surrounding a probation
violation based on a nonarrestable offense).
{¶11} “The quantum of evidence required to support a revocation of probation
is not ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ but merely evidence of a substantial nature
showing that the probationer has breached a term or condition of his probation.”
State v. Walker, 7th Dist. No. 93-J-48, 1995 WL 447663, *4 (July 26, 1995), citing
State v. Mingua, 42 Ohio App.2d 35, 40, 327 N.E.2d 791 (10th Dist.1974). In
addition to the lowered standard of proof, probation-revocation hearings are not
subject to the rules of evidence. Evid.R. 101(C)(3). When the State meets its burden,
the court is given wide latitude to revoke probation. Columbus v. Bickel, 77 Ohio
App.3d 26, 38, 601 N.E.2d 61 (10th Dist.1991). Thus, a trial court’s decision to
revoke probation is reviewed only for an abuse of discretion. State v. Scott, 6 Ohio
 -4-

App.3d 39, 41, 452 N.E.2d 517 (2d Dist.1982). The term “abuse of discretion”
implies that the court’s ruling was “unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.” State
v. Adams, 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 157, 404 N.E.2d 144 (1980).
{¶12} Clark argues that the court revoked his probation with no evidence
showing that he had committed a crime and that the court relied on testimony that
was not credible because the witness was influenced to identify Clark as the suspect.
Clark argues that there were no fingerprints recovered from the scene and there was
ultimately no credible evidence linking him to the robbery.
{¶13} The State called Steven Cochran as a witness to testify against Clark.
Cochran was at home when Clark entered into his home uninvited with an armed
accomplice. Cochran testified that Clark struck him in the face and then took a
computer monitor. Cochran stated that he recognized Clark as Clark used to date his
sister. He stated that he did not originally give Clark’s name to the police because he
only knew him by his first name George.
{¶14} The State also called Det. Dan Kosco who investigated the robbery.
Det. Kosco stated that he spoke with Lieutenant Grahovac who obtained a vehicle
description from a neighbor. The description of the vehicle from the robbery matched
that of Clark’s vehicle. Det. Kosco also testified that there was a picture of Clark
inside the computer store where he was attempting to sell a computer monitor.
{¶15} Given the testimony of the victim as well as that of the investigating
officer and the fact that Clark’s car matched the description given by a witness, the
trial court was within its discretion to find that Clark had violated his community
control. There were grounds to find that the evidence introduced by the State was
more persuasive than Clark’s denial of the crime.
{¶16} Accordingly, Clark’s first assignment of error is without merit.
{¶17} Clark’s second assignment of error states that the trial court erred when
it sentenced appellant to a four-year term of incarceration for violating the terms and
conditions of his community control sanctions.
{¶18} Clark contends that the trial court erred at the original September 30,
 -5-

2010 sentencing hearing following his guilty plea to burglary when it failed to notify
him of the specific term of incarceration that he faced if he violated the terms and
conditions of his community control. R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) states:

If the sentencing court determines at the sentencing hearing that
a community control sanction should be imposed and the court is not
prohibited from imposing a community control sanction, the court shall
impose a community control sanction. The court shall notify the
offender that, if the conditions of the sanction are violated, if the
offender commits a violation of any law, or if the offender leaves this
state without the permission of the court or the offender’s probation
officer, the court may impose a longer time under the same sanction,
may impose a more restrictive sanction, or may impose a prison term
on the offender and shall indicate the specific prison term that may be
imposed as a sanction for the violation, as selected by the court from
the range of prison terms for the offense pursuant to section 2929.14 of
the Revised Code.

(Emphasis added.)
{¶19} The Ohio Supreme Court clearly spelled out R.C. 2929.19(B)(5)’s
requirements in its syllabus to State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134, 2004-Ohio-4746,
614 N.E.2d 837:

1. Pursuant to R.C. 2929.19(B)(5), a trial court sentencing an
offender to a community control sanction is required to deliver the
statutorily detailed notifications at the sentencing hearing. (State v.
Comer, 99 Ohio St.3d 463, 2003-Ohio-4165, 793 N.E.2d 473, applied
and followed.)
2. Pursuant to R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) and 2929.15(B), a trial court
sentencing an offender to a community control sanction must, at the
time of the sentencing, notify the offender of the specific prison term
 -6-

that may be imposed for a violation of the conditions of the sanction, as
a prerequisite to imposing a prison term on the offender for a
subsequent violation.

{¶20} The State argues that this court cannot make a determination of
whether the trial court properly notified Clark because he has not provided this court
with a transcript of the September 30, 2010 sentencing hearing. While it is true that
Clark has failed to provide this court with a transcript of the September 30, 2010
sentencing hearing to substantiate his claim, Clark’s case presents a larger
jurisdictional problem – he never appealed the September 30, 2010 sentencing
decision. This court dealt with a similar situation in State v. Baker, 152 Ohio App.3d
138, 2002-Ohio-7295, 787 N.E.2d 17. In Baker, the trial court sentenced a defendant
to an 18-month prison term for fourth-degree-felony theft. The trial court then
suspended the sentence and ordered the defendant to complete a 6-month treatment
program and to serve 5 years of community control. The defendant did not appeal
that judgment. The defendant then violated the terms of probation and the trial court
sentenced him to 30 days in jail. The defendant committed subsequent violations of
his community control, and the court revoked community control and reimposed the
original 18-month prison term.
{¶21} In Baker, as in the instant case, the defendant argued that the court
failed to comply with R.C. 2929.19(B)(5). In reviewing the defendant’s argument, we
held that “[i]f appellant disagreed with the trial court’s original judgment which
imposed a prison term and then suspended sentence, he should have filed a direct
appeal of the original sentencing order. If a sentencing error could have been raised
in a direct appeal and was not raised, that error is deemed to have been waived.
State v. Combs (1991), 73 Ohio App.3d 823, 825, 598 N.E.2d 815.” Id. at ¶20.
Accord State v. Tribble, 7th Dist. No. 07 MA 205, 2009-Ohio-1311.
{¶22} Here, Clark faced the same problem as the defendant in Baker. Clark
is seeking to establish error in the imposition of the original sentence. However, he
did not appeal that sentence. Pursuant to the doctrine of res judicata, “any issue that
 -7-

could have been raised on direct appeal and was not is res judicata and not subject
to review in subsequent proceedings.” State v. Saxon, 109 Ohio St.3d 176, 2006-
Ohio-1245, 846 N.E.2d 824, ¶16. The trial court’s notifications to Clark concerning
what would happen if he violated the community control sanctions may or may not
have been reversible error had he raised it at the proper time. He did not. “Errors
not raised at the appropriate time * * * are deemed waived or forfeited, even if those
errors have unforeseen consequences.” State v. Tribble, 7th Dist. No. 07 MA 205,
2009-Ohio-1311, ¶32.
{¶23} Accordingly, Clark’s second assignment of error is without merit.
{¶24} Clark’s third assignment of error states that the trial court issued an
improper notification as to the evidence that it relied upon and the reasons for
revoking appellant’s community control at the violation hearing.
{¶25} Clark contends that the trial court failed to issue a written statement of
the evidence that the court relied upon in determining to revoke his community
control, therefore denying him his due process rights.
{¶26} The State argues that the court’s oral statements made on the record at
the violation hearing satisfied Clark’s due process rights.
{¶27} This court has previously held that a trial court’s oral recitation of its
findings and reasons for revoking the defendant’s probation does not violate due
process. State v. Winter, 7th Dist. No. 791, 1999 WL 260900 (Apr. 27, 1999). We
found, as did the Ohio Supreme Court in Delaney, supra that a court’s oral
statements on the record regarding its findings and reasons for revoking a
defendant’s probation were sufficient to inform them and to provide a record for
review on appeal. See 11 Ohio St.3d at 234-235, 465 N.E.2d 72.
{¶28} Accordingly, Clark’s third assignment of error is without merit.
{¶29} Upon review of the assignments of error Clark raised pro se, we find
each of them to be without merit and are overruled. In response to the no-merit brief
filed by Clark’s appointed appellate counsel and upon on our own independent
review of the record, we find that there are no non-frivolous issues for review and
 -8-

counsel’s motion to withdraw is granted. The judgment of the trial court is hereby
affirmed.

Vukovich, J., concurs.

Waite, P.J., concurs.