[Cite as Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 2014-Ohio-498.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 99921
WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A.
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
ANGEL CUEVAS, SR., ET AL.
DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS
JUDGMENT:
DISMISSED
Civil Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CV-700366
BEFORE: Keough, J., Celebrezze, P.J., and Blackmon, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: February 13, 2014
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS
Kent R. Minshall, Jr.
2189 Professor Avenue, Suite 100
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Matthew A. Taulbee
Reisenfeld & Associates
3962 Red Bank Road
Cincinnati, Ohio 45227
Karen M. Cadieux
David A. Wallace
Carpenter, Lipps & Leland, L.L.P.
280 Plaza, Suite 1300
280 North High Street
Columbus, Ohio 43215
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Angel Ceuvas, Sr., appeals from the trial court’s
judgment denying his Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from judgment. We dismiss the
appeal because it is moot.
I. Background
{¶2} In July 2009, plaintiff-appellee, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., filed a complaint
in foreclosure against Cuevas. Wells Fargo alleged that it was the holder of a note
executed by Cuevas in 2005 and secured by a mortgage on his home. Wells Fargo alleged
that Cuevas had defaulted on the note, on which he owed $67,385.66; consequently, it
sought judgment on the note and an order that the property be sold and Wells Fargo paid
from the proceeds of the sale.
{¶3} Ceuvas did not answer the complaint, and in October 2009, the trial court
granted Wells Fargo’s motion for default judgment. In January 2010, the court issued an
order of sheriff’s sale, which was set for March 1, 2010. The order of sale was
subsequently returned for lack of bidders.
{¶4} A second sale was set for July 12, 2010, but at Wells Fargo’s request, the
trial court ordered the sheriff to return the order of sale without execution so that Wells
Fargo could comply with the United States Treasury Department’s Directive 10.02 under
the Home Affordable Modification Program.
{¶5} The trial court issued a third order of sale in September 2011, and sale was
scheduled for November 7, 2011. The sale did not go forward; no return of order of sale
was filed indicating why the sale did not proceed.
{¶6} The trial court issued a fourth order of sale on December 19, 2012. This
time, Wells Fargo moved to return the order of sale without execution because, it
informed the court, “[p]laintiff has established a process to insure that reasonable efforts
to avoid foreclosure have been exhausted before proceeding to sale. These efforts have
not yet been completed in connection with this loan.” The trial court denied Wells
Fargo’s motion, ruling that “the reason provided by plaintiff for return of the second
pluries order of sale without execution is not considered by this court to be a valid reason
to permit the return of an order of sale without execution.” The fourth sale occurred on
February 11, 2013, and a third party purchased the property. On February 21, 2013, the
trial court entered an order confirming the sale and directing the sheriff to deliver a deed
for the property to the third-party purchaser.
{¶7} Fifteen days later, on March 8, 2013, Cuevas filed a Civ.R. 60(B) motion to
vacate the order of confirmation. He also filed a motion to stay delivery of the deed to
the purchaser until the court ruled on his motion to vacate, which the trial court granted.
{¶8} In his motion for relief from judgment, Cuevas argued that he was entitled
to relief under Civ.R. 60(B)(3), which allows for relief from judgment based on the fraud,
misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party. Cuevas asserted that prior to
the sale, Wells Fargo was aware that he was working with Save the Dream Foundation,
which had advised Wells Fargo that funds were available so Cuevas could bring his
mortgage current. Cuevas asserted that Wells Fargo had advised him and the foundation
that the sale would not proceed, and that Cuevas would not lose his home.
{¶9} Cuevas further asserted that several days prior to the sale, he spoke by
phone with a Wells Fargo representative, who confirmed that the court had denied Wells
Fargo’s attempt to withdraw the order of sale. The representative told Cuevas, however,
that Wells Fargo did not anticipate that anyone would bid on the property but if someone
did, Wells Fargo would bid on the property, take title, and then resell it to Cuevas so that
he would not lose his home. Cuevas argued that he was entitled to relief from the order
of confirmation under Civ.R. 60(B)(3) because in reliance on Wells Fargo’s
misrepresentations, he did not file for bankruptcy (which would have stayed the sale)
even though he had engaged a bankruptcy attorney prior to the sale, nor take other actions
to retain his property.
{¶10} Attached to Cuevas’s Civ.R. 60(B)(3) motion were unauthenticated
transcripts of the conversations Cuevas had with representatives from Wells Fargo prior
to and after the sale, emails between him and his bankruptcy lawyer, and Cuevas’s sworn
affidavit relating to Wells Fargo’s representations to him and the foundation.
{¶11} Wells Fargo filed a brief in opposition to Cuevas’s motion. It argued that
Cuevas was not entitled to relief from judgment under Civ.R. 60(B)(3) because (1) he had
not demonstrated a meritorious defense to the underlying foreclosure action; (2) he had
failed to demonstrate that Wells Fargo had acted fraudulently in obtaining a default
judgment against him in the underlying foreclosure action; and (3) his motion was not
timely because it was filed more than three years after the foreclosure judgment, which
was rendered on December 3, 2009.
{¶12} The trial court subsequently denied Cuevas’s motion for relief from
judgment, ruling that his motion was untimely because it was filed more than three years
after the initial judgment of foreclosure. In its entry, the trial court also lifted the stay
on delivering the deed to the third-party purchaser of the property.
{¶13} Cuevas then filed a motion to reconsider, in which he argued that his
Civ.R. 60(B) motion was timely because it was filed only two weeks after the sale and
order of confirmation. Furthermore, in light of documents attached to his motion that
indicated that Bank of America owned the mortgage as of May 2011 (and was sending
him correspondence regarding a loan modification), Cuevas argued that it was
questionable whether Wells Fargo was the real party in interest when it filed the
foreclosure action in 2009. The trial court denied Cuevas’s motion.
II. Analysis
{¶14} Cuevas appeals from the trial court’s judgment denying his Civ.R. 60(B)
motion for relief from judgment. He first asserts that the trial court’s judgment denying
his motion is a final, appealable order subject to appellate review. We agree.
{¶15} There are two judgments that are appealable in foreclosure actions.
Mulby v. Poptic, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96863, 2012-Ohio-1037, ¶ 6, citing Emerson
Tool, L.L.C. v. Emerson Family Ltd. Partnership, 9th Dist. Summit No. 24673,
2009-Ohio-6617, ¶ 13. The first is the order of foreclosure and sale. The second is the
confirmation of the sale. Id. Cuevas’s Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from judgment
asked the court to vacate the order confirming the sale. Thus, the trial court’s judgment
denying his motion for relief from the judgment confirming the sale is a final, appealable
order subject to appellate review, and the first assignment of error is sustained.
{¶16} In his second assignment of error, Cuevas argues that the trial court erred in
denying his Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from judgment.
{¶17} To prevail on a motion for relief from judgment, the movant must
demonstrate that: (1) the party has a meritorious defense or claim to present if the relief is
granted; (2) the party is entitled to relief under one of the grounds stated in Civ.R.
60(B)(1)-(5); and (3) the motion is made within a reasonable time. GTE Automatic Elec.
v. ARC Industries, 47 Ohio St.2d 146, 351 N.E.2d 113 (1976), paragraph two of the
syllabus. The movant must satisfy all three of these requirements to obtain relief. State
ex rel. Richard v. Seidner, 76 Ohio St.3d 149, 151, 1996-Ohio-54, 666 N.E.2d 1134.
{¶18} We review a trial court’s judgment regarding a motion to vacate judgment
under an abuse-of-discretion standard. Benesh, Friedlander, Coplan & Aronoff, LLP v.
Software, Inc., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91708, 2009-Ohio-1617, ¶ 13. A trial court
abuses its discretion when its judgment is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.
Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶19} Cuevas brought his motion pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(3), which allows a
court, “on motion and upon such terms as are just,” to grant relief from a final judgment,
order, or proceeding due to “fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse
party.”
{¶20} The trial court denied the motion solely on the basis that it was untimely
because it was filed more than three years after the foreclosure decree was entered.
Cuevas was not seeking relief from the foreclosure decree, however; he was asking that
the court vacate its order confirming the sale — the second final, appealable order in a
foreclosure case. The court entered its judgment confirming the sale on February 21,
2013 and, therefore, Cuevas’s motion for relief from that judgment, which was filed only
15 days after the court’s judgment entry, was obviously timely.
{¶21} In its judgment entry denying Cuevas’s motion, the trial court addressed
only the timeliness aspect of the GTE requirements; it did not rule on whether Cuevas had
a meritorious defense to its judgment confirming the sale nor whether he was entitled to
relief under Civ.R. 60(B)(3) because of Wells Fargo’s alleged misrepresentations or
misconduct toward him prior to the sale. Because the court’s decision regarding the
timeliness of Cuevas’s motion was in error, we would normally reverse the trial court’s
judgment and remand for the court to consider the other GTE factors.1
{¶22} However, after the trial court denied his Civ.R. 60(B) motion, Cuevas never
filed a motion to stay the confirmation of sale pending his appeal nor a motion to stay
Wells Fargo makes various arguments on appeal as to why Cuevas did not demonstrate a
1
meritorious defense to the order of confirmation nor demonstrate why he was entitled to relief from
the confirmation order under Civ.R. 60(B)(3). Wells Fargo raised none of these arguments below;
its arguments in its brief in opposition to Cuevas’s motion were directed only to Cuevas’s ability to
challenge the foreclosure decree. Because Wells Fargo’s arguments regarding Cuevas’s challenge
to the confirmation order were not raised below, they are waived for purposes of appeal. Hamper v.
Suburban Umpires Assn., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92505, 2009-Ohio-5376, ¶ 19.
execution on the judgment pending appeal.2 Cuevas’s failure to seek a stay has rendered
his appeal of the trial court’s judgment denying his motion to vacate the order confirming
the sale moot. As this court stated in Equibank v. Rivera, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 72224,
1998 Ohio App. LEXIS 185, *3 (Jan. 22, 1998):
Appellant never moved to stay the confirmation. The property has been
sold and the deed has been recorded. The order of confirmation has been
carried out to its fullest extent. If this court reversed the order of
confirmation, there is no relief that can be afforded to appellants. An
appeal is moot if it is impossible for the appellate court to grant any
effectual relief. Miner v. Witt, 82 Ohio St. 237, 92 N.E. 21 (1910).
See also Third Fed. S. & L. Assoc. of Cleveland v. Baldwin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
98592, 2012-Ohio-5708, ¶ 13. Likewise, in this case, the property has been sold, the
order of confirmation has been carried out, and there is no relief in this foreclosure action
that can be afforded to Cuevas for Wells Fargo’s alleged fraud, misrepresentation, and
misconduct. Accordingly, Cuevas’s appeal is moot and the case is dismissed.
{¶23} Dismissed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellants costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into
execution.
The record reflects that when Cuevas failed to vacate the property after several notices, the
2
third-party purchaser filed a forcible entry and detainer action in Cleveland Municipal Court. After a
hearing, the municipal court issued an order granting the purchaser judgment for possession of the
property and setting a move-out date. Cuevas then filed a motion to stay proceedings of the
municipal court pending this appeal, which this court denied.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, JUDGE
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J., and
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J., CONCUR
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
Combined Opinion